广州市南沙区万顷沙网河区排涝调蓄演算研究

快速城市化进程改变了城市地区原有下垫面,不透水层面积增加,暴雨期间汇流时间缩短,洪峰流量加大,进而导致城市内涝加剧,严重影响城市的防洪安全。本研究以广州市南沙区万顷沙网河区为研究对象,基于水量平衡的调蓄演算方法,对研究区域蓄排设施的规模进行分析;构建MIKE11一维网河模型,对涝区水情进行模拟,校核排涝工程规模,并对工程布局与规模进行了优化。结果表明:(1)万顷沙网河区在典型水文组合情况下,内河涌最高水位6.15 m,泵站抽排历时约11 h,抽排流量65 m3·s-1,满足排涝需求;(2)结合片区泵站排水能力,可使片区达到20年一遇24 h暴雨不成灾的规划防洪标准,片区水闸和泵站参数选取合适;(3)在50年一遇超标准情况下,万十涌水位最高约6.33 m,超过片区管控水位,表明当防洪标准提升,片区需合理增设排涝泵站规模,以满足管控水位要求。研究成果可为沿海城市的排涝减灾和实现水系综合整治提供科学依据。     

基于共生理论的中国沿海省市海洋经济生态协调模式研究

建立海洋生态与海洋经济的共生演化Logistic模型,通过压力-状态-影响-响应（PSIR）模型对Logistic模型中的基本指数进行求解,进一步计算海洋生态与海洋经济之间的共生系数,结果表明：天津和上海两市发展模式已摆脱资源索取模式,其海洋经济生态共生模式的探讨意义较小;其余沿海九省中,河北、江苏、广西和海南4省处于反向共生水平,辽宁和山东两省呈现并生模式,浙江和广东呈现出生态受益的偏利共生模式,福建则呈现出经济受害的偏利共生模式。根据沿海各省市海洋经济生态共生模式,提出相关的政策建议,以期对沿海省市今后的经济和生态发展模式提供理论依据。     

强震临震微波动现象初步研究(二)

为了验证和检验强震临震微波动现象及其主要特征,利用甘、青、川、滇、藏等区域台网200余个宽频带数字地震台站的波形资料,建立了实时监控技术系统。通过对2012~2014年间青藏块体发生的24次5级以上地震及部分无震区域台站观测的全程实时跟踪、动态监控,检验和验证了临震微波动现象的重现性和客观性,验证了临震微波动现象的频谱、时间、空间、方向性等特征,进一步得出了临震微波动现象可能与地震强度有关,且震级越大,震前出现持续临震微波动的可能性越大的结论。     

Geochemistry,mineralogy and petrogenesis of the northeast Niğde volcanics,central Anatolia,Turkey

The volcanics exposed in the northeast Niğde area are characterized by pumiceous pyroclastic rocks present as ash flows and fall deposits and by compositions ranging from dacite to rhyolite. Xenoliths found in the volcanics are basaltic andesite, andesite and dacite in composition. These rocks exhibit linear chemical variations between end‐member compositions and a continuity of trace element behaviour exists through the basaltic andesite–andesite–dacite–rhyolite compositional range. This is consistent with the fractionation of ferromagnesian minerals and plagioclase from a basaltic andesite or andesite parent. These rocks are peraluminous and show typical high‐K calc‐alkaline differentiation trends with total iron content decreasing progressively with increasing silica content. Bulk rock and mineral compositional trends and petrographic data suggest that crustal material was added to the magmas by subducted oceanic crust and is a likely contaminant of the source zone of the Niğde magmas. The chemical variations in these volcanics indicate that crystal liquid fractionation has been a dominant process in controlling the chemistry of the northeast Niğde volcanics. It is also clear, from the petrographic and chemical features, that magma mixing with disequilibrium played a significant role in the evolution of the Niğde volcanic rocks. This is shown by normal and reverse zoning in plagioclase and resorption of most of the observed minerals. The xenoliths found in the Niğde volcanics represent the deeper part of the magma reservoir which equilibrated at the higher pressures. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Triassic warm subduction in northeast Turkey: Evidence from the Ağvanis metamorphic rocks

Within the Tethyan realm, data for the subduction history of the Permo–Triassic Tethys in the form of accretionary complexes are scarce, coming mainly from northwest Turkey and Tibet. Herein we present field geological, petrological and geochronological data on a Triassic accretionary complex, the A?vanis metamorphic rocks, from northeast Turkey. The A?vanis metamorphic rocks form a SSE–NNW trending lozenge‐shaped horst, ～20 km long and ～6 km across, bounded by the strands of the active North Anatolian Fault close to the collision zone between the Eastern Pontides and the Menderes–Taurus Block. The rocks consist mainly of greenschist‐ to epidote‐amphibolite‐facies metabasite, phyllite, marble and minor metachert and serpentinite, interpreted as a metamorphic accretionary complex based on the oceanic rock types and ocean island basaltic, mid‐ocean ridge basaltic and island‐arc tholeiitic affinities of the metabasites. This rock assemblage was intruded by stocks and dikes of Early Eocene quartz diorite, leucogranodiorite and dacite porphyry. Metamorphic conditions are estimated to be 470–540°C and ～0.60–0.90 GPa. Stepwise ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating of phengite–muscovite separates sampled outside the contact metamorphic aureoles yielded steadily increasing age spectra with the highest incremental stage corresponding to age values ranging from ～180 to 209 Ma, suggesting that the metamorphism occurred at ≥ 209 Ma. Thus, the A?vanis metamorphic rocks represent the vestiges of the Late Triassic or slightly older subduction in northeast Turkey. Estimated P–T conditions indicate higher temperatures than those predicted by steady state thermal models for average subduction zones, and can best be accounted for by a hot subduction zone, similar to the present‐day Cascadia. Contact metamorphic mineral assemblages around an Early Eocene quartz diorite stock, on the other hand, suggest that the present‐day erosion level was at depths of ～14 km during the Early Eocene, indicative of reburial of the metamorphic rocks. Partial disturbance of white‐mica Ar–Ar age spectra was probably caused by the reburial coupled with heat input by igneous activity, which is probably related to thrusting due to the continental collision between Eastern Pontides and the Menderes–Taurus Block.     

流花11-1油田礁灰岩油藏储层非均质性及剩余油分布规律

结合流花11-1油田的岩芯、测井、地震、开发动态等资料总结了礁灰岩油藏沉积、成岩及构造等因素造成的储层非均质特征,引入的储层非均质综合指数,可更快速、直观地揭示了剩余油的分布规律.分析了控制剩余油分布规律的地质因素和开发因素.根据储层非均质性的综合研究成果,指出了剩余油潜力区;在潜力区部署的侧钻井生产情况较好,研究成果得到了验证.该研究思路对类似油田储层非均质性的表征与剩余油分布的预测有较好的借鉴作用.     

Job-related mobility and plant performance in Sweden

This paper uses a Swedish micro-dataset containing 2,696,909 hires during the period 2002–2006 to assess the impact of job-related mobility on plant-level performance. The analysis classifies new recruits according to their work experience and level of formal qualification, as well as by the region of origin and of destination. New hires are divided into graduates and experienced workers and between high- and low-educated. The results point towards the importance of acknowledging both the experience and the skills of new recruits. The greatest benefits are related to hiring new workers from outside the region where the plant is located. The analysis also stresses the importance of geography, with plants in metropolitan regions gaining the most from labour mobility, while the benefits of mobility for plants in smaller, more peripheral regions are more diverse and dependent on both the type and origin of new workers.     

我国“十一五”期间的岩溶研究进展与重要活动

“十一五”期间,国际岩溶中心在我国桂林成立,岩溶研究在理论上与实践应用上取得了显著进展。理论上,运用地球系统科学的观点和现代自动化测试手段发展了岩溶动力学;新的学科生长点岩溶生态学不但揭示了西南岩溶生态系统的脆弱性、土壤质量变化与某些土壤营养元素形态的初步规律,而且选育了大量适合岩溶地区的名特优植物物种;全球变化研究探讨了岩溶水循环中溶解无机碳形式对全球碳汇的贡献,从多种气候替代指标深化了洞穴石笋的古环境记录研究;用新技术探索了岩溶地下水水质和水量的有效评价方法。应用上,形成的西南岩溶水、石漠化和水土流失调查区域性资料在国家目标和干旱找水重大社会需求中发挥重要作用,岩溶地区油气勘察形成典型地质模式,中国南方喀斯特自然遗产申报成功,岩溶塌陷监测与预警新技术成功用于工程建设区塌陷的防治。      

地磁匹配中的地磁日变效应

针对目前地磁匹配研究中往往忽略地磁日变的影响,文中分别基于IGRF11模型和MAD匹配算法探讨了地磁匹配中的地磁日变效应.基于IGRF11模型的定性分析表明,地磁日变效应显著,即使在地磁变化较为平缓的区域,地磁日变仍给匹配定位带来较大影响.分别利用地磁平静时期广州、兰州、北京十三陵3个地磁台站分均值数据,基于MAD匹配算法定量分析了地磁日变效应.结果表明,匹配定位误差呈现出类似于日变形态的变化特征,且纬度效应显著,广州台站纬度方向上的最大误差达0.189°,经度误差达0.492°.     

The influence of political ideology on greenhouse gas emissions

This research tests the casual link from political ideology to national greenhouse gas emissions by utilizing multinational panel data covering 98 countries during the period 1990–2016. Overall, the baseline results and robustness tests show a political divide on national greenhouse gas emissions, whereby compared to right-wing governments, left-wing governments are more likely to exhibit less carbon dioxide emissions. We further explore this topic from the perspectives of energy efficiency and education. Three-stage OLS regressions suggest that leftist parties increase energy efficiency and spend more on secondary education, which lead to less greenhouse gas emissions. We also introduce the interaction between political ideology and economic performance as well as globalization to test the moderating effects of economic performance and globalization. The study further looks into the interaction effects of political ideology and democracies on greenhouse gas emissions by dividing the whole sample into two sub-samples. The results indicate that the ideology effect on greenhouse gas emissions varies among countries with different economic performances or different degrees of political globalization, as well as between democracies and non-democracies.