基于共生理论的中国沿海省市海洋经济生态协调模式研究

建立海洋生态与海洋经济的共生演化Logistic模型,通过压力-状态-影响-响应（PSIR）模型对Logistic模型中的基本指数进行求解,进一步计算海洋生态与海洋经济之间的共生系数,结果表明：天津和上海两市发展模式已摆脱资源索取模式,其海洋经济生态共生模式的探讨意义较小;其余沿海九省中,河北、江苏、广西和海南4省处于反向共生水平,辽宁和山东两省呈现并生模式,浙江和广东呈现出生态受益的偏利共生模式,福建则呈现出经济受害的偏利共生模式。根据沿海各省市海洋经济生态共生模式,提出相关的政策建议,以期对沿海省市今后的经济和生态发展模式提供理论依据。

Marine Economic and Ecological Symbiosis form of Coastal Provinces and Cities in China Based on Symbiosis Theory

With the rapid development of China’s marine economy, a large number of human and capital flocked to the coastal area, which also resulted in the destruction of the marine ecological environment. Despite the response measures have been taken, but still with little success. Therefore, it is of great practical significance which could guide the economic and ecological construction of coastal areas in China to explore the internal mechanism between the marine economic development and the marine ecological construction. The marine composite system has both economic and ecological attributes, which can be regarded as a community(symbiosis environment) of two “populations” including marine economy and marine ecology(symbiotic unit), and the input of human capital will change the flow of elements(symbiotic matrix) between marine economy and marine ecology when it raises the density of one “population” which leading the symbiosis theory has its rationality in the study of the interaction between marine economy and marine ecology. Compared to the grasp of marine economy and ecological coordination degree on the whole, the calculation of symbiotic pattern can not only distinguish the development model of the marine composite system on the whole, but also can analyze the influence of marine economy and ecology due to the development model of symbiosis, to clear the direction of future development. In this article, the Pressure-State-Impact-Response(PSIR) model of marine composite has been established to evaluate the level of marine ecology, marine economy, and marine environmental capacity. We find that the ecological level and economic level of eleven provinces and cities in China’s coastal area are mostly steady and rising, and the environmental capacity remains basically stable from 2004 to 2013. On this basis, the symbiosis model of marine ecology and marine economy is discussed based on the Logistic model, and the results show that Tianjin and Shanghai have been out of resource demand model, and there marine economic and ecological symbiotic coefficient is less significant; In other nine provinces, Hebei, Jiangsu, Guangxi and Hainan are in reverse symbiosis patterns, Liaoning and Shandong, are in individual development patterns, while Zhejiang and Guangdong, showing the ecological benefit of commensalism patterns, and Fujian is economic suffer partial interest symbiosis pattern. Overall, China’s marine ecology and marine economic development still remain in the restricted or isolated development stage, especially the situation which achieving the promotion of marine economy by sacrificing marine ecological development is pervasive, and marine ecological construction can not support the development of marine economy effectively. At last, this article puts forward some relevant policy suggestions according to the marine economic and ecological symbiotic model, in order to provide theoretical basis for the future economic and ecological development in coastal provinces and cities.