火星冲日与兴安盟地区干旱及气候预测

利用火星冲日资料，分析了兴安盟地区8个站点最近50年的月降水量时空变化规律，得出距离地球最近的火星冲日时期与兴安盟地区干旱有很好的相关关系。最近几年在短期气候预测中应用，效果非常好。用未来火星冲日月份做兴安盟地区干旱、洪涝及白灾的短期气候预测以及长期气候预测等。并且给出了本世纪之初的2010年前兴安盟地区干旱、洪涝、白灾的长期气候预测情况。     

暖冬对五常农业生产的影响

近20年来,由于人类活动对自然界的影响,导致全球气候变暖。在空间上,变暖的区域以北半球高纬度地区较为明显。在时间上,以冬季变暖最为突出。据有关资料分析:自1986年以来,我国已连续17a冬季偏暖。2001年冬(2001年11月至2002年2月)是全国近40年的第二位暖冬,是黑龙江省近70年首位暖冬。五常市2001年冬季平均气温为-9.8℃,相当于吉林省四平一带的常年气温。在空间分布上温度带北移300～400km。暖冬对人类的影响是很重要的,尤其是对农业生产的影响,下面是暖冬对五常农业生产的影响进行分析供参考。1暖冬对农业生产的有利影响在农业生产上暖冬…     

Longitudinal Displacement of the Subtropical High in the Western Pacific in Summer and its Influence

Using the relative vorticity averaged over a certain area, a new index for measuring the longitudinal position of the subtropical high (SH) in the western Pacific is proposed to avoid the increasing trend of heights in the previous indices based on geopotential height. The years of extreme westward and eastward extension of SH using the new index are in good agreement with those defined by height index. There exists a distinct difference in large-scale circulation between the eastward and westward extension of SH under the new definition, which includes not only the circulation in the middle latitudes but also the flow in the lower latitudes. It seems that when the SH extends far to the east (west), the summer monsoon in the South China Sea is stronger (weaker) and established earlier (later). In addition, there exists a good relationship between the longitudinal position of SH and the summer rainfall in China. A remarkable negative correlation area appears in the Changjiang River valley, indicating that when the SH extends westward (eastward), the precipitation in that region increases (decreases). A positive correlation region is found in South China, showing the decrease of rainfall when the SH extends westward. On the other hand, the rainfall is heavier when the SH retreats eastward. However, the anomalous longitudinal position of SH is not significantly related to the precipitation in North China. The calculation of correlation coefficients between the index of longitudinal position of SH and surface temperature in China shows that a large area of positive values, higher than 0.6 in the center, covers the whole of North China, even extending eastward to the Korean Peninsula and Japan Islands when using NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data to do the correlation calculation. This means that when the longitudinal position of the SH withdraws eastward in summer, the temperature over North China is higher. On the other hand, when it moves westward, the temperature there is lower. This could explain the phenomenon of the seriously high temperatures over North China during recent summers, because the longitudinal position of SH in recent summers was located far away from the Asian continent. Another region with large negative correlation coefficients is found in South China.     

2002年5月河南省多雨成因分析

分析了2002年5月多雨期的环流形势演变特征以及河南省出现大范围降水过程时的影响系统、物理量资料等，揭示了2002年5月河南省多雨的天气学成因，得出了5月份强降水预报的一些有意义的结论。     

自动站资料实时显示及其在预报中的应用

使用VB语言实现在MICAPS系统中自动站资料地图化和累计降水量的地图化实时显示。预报人员可随时查看各地最新的气象要素。     

月降水量的神经网络混合预报模型研究

以均生函数表征预报量自身周期变化，结合500hPa月平均高度场和月平均海温场预报因子，采用神经网络方法建立了一种新的短期气候预报模型。分别以广西桂北、桂中和桂南6月降水量作为预报对象进行预报试验，结果表明，这种新的预报方法比均生函数回归预报模型及高度场、海温场预报因子的回归预报模型，具有更好的物理基础和预报能力。     

文山州40年降水量变化特征研究

采用文山州8站1961～2000年年总降水量资料,绘制8站年总降水量变化曲线和5年滑动平均曲线,分析了40年来文山8站年降水量最多年、最少年和降水异常情况、倾向率、每10年一段变率和距平百分率.     

雅安市三秋连晴气候特点与预报判据

分析雅安市1959～2001年秋季连晴天气的气候特征，总结了一些有预报价值的气候结论。同时。对产生连晴的关键环流进行了分析，归纳出一个简明扼要的预报判据。此判据经使用检验，雅安市与区域的准确率均达85％以上。具有较强的预报能力。此判据对于雅安临近地区与其它季节的连晴预报，也有借鉴的价值。     

THE ANALYSIS ON THE STATISTICAL CHARACTER OF QUIKSCAT SCATTEROMETER WINDS AND STRONG WIND FREQUENCY USING REMOTE SENSOR DATA FROM QUIKSCAT

1 INTRODUCTION Most of the conventional sea surface wind data are measurements from ships, buoys and islands, with coverage and spatial resolution far below the requirements of research and application. At present, due to limited understanding of physical processes and efficient exploitation of data, numerical prediction models have not been used as they should be, although routine procedures are able to give sea surface wind fields at the intervals of 6 hours. With the development of sp…     

2002年我国天气气候特点

2002年我国主要天气气候特点为：全国降水量偏多，但时空分布不均，北方地区早春和伏秋少雨，受旱范围广，华南沿海地区别冬春夏初少雨连旱；汛期内无大范围或持续的强降水过程发生，但长江中下游一带春汛明显，北方雨季偏早，南方部分地区暴雨洪涝及局地山洪、泥石流、滑坡等灾害较重。全国大部地区气温偏高，但起伏变化较大。沙尘天气时段集中，影响范围广，强度偏强。登陆我国的台风(包括热带风暴)个数接近常年；冰雹、龙卷风等强对流天气偏多。