新旧地形图编号及范围解算方法

在深入分析新、旧地形图分幅及编号规则的基础上,建立了新地形图编号算法模型、新地形图图幅范围解算模型以及新、旧地形图编号转换算法模型。解决了地形图编号的快速检索与图幅范围解算等问题。     

GPS现代化后L2C的信号质量分析

分析了L2C码的主要作用,比较了GPS现代化后L2载波信噪比的变化特点,阐述了伪距观测值的噪声水平。     

Two‐dimensional physically based finite element runoff model for small agricultural watersheds: I. Model development

Soil erosion by water is the root cause of ecological degradation in the Shiwalik foothills of Northern India. Simulation of runoff and its component processes is a pre‐requisite to develop the management strategies to tackle the problem, successfully. A two‐dimensional physically based distributed numerical model, ROMO2D has been developed to simulate runoff from small agricultural watersheds on an event basis. The model employs the 2‐D Richards equation with sink term to simulate infiltration and soil moisture dynamics in the vadoze zone under variable rainfall conditions, and 2‐D Saint‐Venant equations under the kinematic wave approximation along with Manning's equation as the stage‐discharge equation for runoff routing. The various flow‐governing equations have been solved numerically by employing a Galerkin finite element method for spatial discretization using quadrilateral elements and finite difference techniques for temporal solutions. The ROMO2D computer program has been developed as a class‐based program, coded in C + + in such a way that with minor modifications, the model can be used to simulate runoff on a continuous basis. The model writes output for a runoff hydrograph of each storm. Model development is described in this paper and the results of model testing and field application are to be presented in a subsequent paper. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Results based management in fisheries: Delegating responsibility to resource users

While the notion of results based management has been devoted recent attention in the context of reforming European fisheries management, it remains unclear what it entails. A conceptual model of results based management in fisheries is proposed as a way for public authorities to delegate specific management and documentation responsibilities to resource users. The model comprises three defining features: (1) That authorities define measurable objectives for the utilization of fisheries resources; (2) that resource users are made responsible for achieving these objectives and for (3) providing documentation that allows for an audit of the extent to which they are met. Selected cases are used to illustrate these features. Rationales and prospects of introducing results based management as an alternative in a European fisheries management context are discussed, giving consideration to how it may be pursued under the reformed common fisheries policy.     

Learning from the systematic approach to aquaculture zoning in South Australia: A case study of aquaculture (Zones – Lower Eyre Peninsula) Policy 2013

South Australia is among the regions internationally, where there are currently strong drivers for anthropogenic and ecosystem marine planning decisions. Specifically, South Australia, in both State and adjacent Commonwealth Waters, is currently accommodating increasing interests such as oil exploration by multi-national companies in the Great Australian Bight, implementation of recently declared State Marine Parks, an increased public awareness of marine developments, commissioning of a desalinisation plant, government-focused marine science initiatives, long-standing commercial fisheries, a transparent legislative and political stage, and a relatively new aquaculture industry. Amongst this growing diversity in marine-based activities, a dedicated aquaculture legislative framework was created in South Australia with the commencement of the Aquaculture Act 2001 (the Act) to centralise the legislative processes required to underpin aquaculture regulation and administration. This centralisation has helped to create an effective platform to streamline administrative processes, reduce duplication between various government agencies such as planning authorities and environment protection agencies, and ultimately fostered investment in, and growth of, the South Australian aquaculture industry. As such Aquaculture zone policies are a key strategic management tool for sustainable aquaculture development in South Australia into the future. This paper provides a case study (Aquaculture (Zones – Lower Eyre Peninsula) Policy 2013) of the legislated regional marine planning framework for aquaculture development used in South Australia, with a focus on the key functions and processes that may have broader applications.     

海洋大数据处理软件体系结构设计

针对海洋数据格式与海洋信息应用系统的异构性,提出一种基于移动代码(Mobile code)的海洋大数据处理软件体系结构。首先,利用统一的网络服务接口与数据交换格式,规范海洋信息应用系统之间的数据访问与共享。其次,通过移动代码将海洋大数据的处理过程移至云端,提高信息处理效率。应用示例实现了异构海洋信息应用系统间的互操作,并且缩短了海量数据的处理时间,验证了该体系结构在海洋大数据处理中的通用性与有效性。     

深水立管设计标准中内波作用的分析与探讨

深水立管的设计、建造以及安装都必须依据相关规范进行,中国当前尚未出台专门针对立管设计的相关标准,现阶段还是以参考国外规范为主。本文首先对立管设计、安装中涉及的相关规范和工业标准进行介绍,论述当前国外API、ABS和DNV设计规范中关于深水立管环境条件及其载荷的相关规定,然后针对中国南海等海域普遍存在的内波现象,分析了内波尤其是内孤立波对顶张力立管的影响,结果表明,内孤立波会引起立管较大的位移以及较高的应力幅值,需要在设计分析中加以考虑。最后对中国在引入API、ABS和DNV等相关规范设计深水立管时提出相应的建议,以期为南海海域油气开发中立管的设计提供参考。     

SBAS星历改正数及UDRE参数生成算法分析

星基增强系统(satellite based augmentation system,SBAS)通过地球同步轨道卫星实时播发导航卫星星历改正数和完好性参数,以提升用户定位精度和完好性。采用最小方差法解算GPS星历改正数,利用卡方统计进行改正数完好性检核,并依据星历改正数方差-协方差信息计算SBAS用户差分距离误差(user differential range error,UDRE)和信息类型28(message type 28, MT28)等完好性参数。利用中国区域27个监测站的实测数据,首先以国际GNSS服务组织的精密轨道和钟差产品为参考解算星历改正数,结果表明,钟差改正精度优于0.1 m,轨道改正精度优于0.4 m;然后解算广播星历改正数,并生成UDRE和MT28参数,广播星历残余误差卡方检验值均小于告警门限,保证了改正数的完好性;最后利用生成的改正数进行SBAS定位解算,得到定位结果的水平精度优于0.7 m,垂直精度优于1.0 m,对比GPS单点定位,所提算法的水平和垂直方向精度分别提升了30%和40%。     

基于自动观测的天气现象电码自动编制实现流程

实现地面气象要素自动观测是近年来我国气象观测领域的发展趋势,观测自动化给地面观测业务和观测数据的应用推广带来较大改变。本文研究了基于自动观测的天气现象代码表WMO4680,分析得出WMO4680简化了视程障碍和降水阵性的代码分类,比WMO4677编码更适合自动观测设备的特点。结合我国业务天气现象电码编制原则,设计实现了现在天气现象电码和过去天气现象电码的自动编制。根据我国目前可自动化观测的要素数目,经过流程设计和当前最新业务改革内容,可以实现46个天气电码的自动编报。     

后装配组件的分析与设计方法

后装配组件的分析与设计方法是为如何方便组装、拆卸和替换组件而提出的，它是建立在面向对象和基于组件的软件工程基础上，把组件的概念引入到需求分析中，建立起组件与具体需求的映射关系。该方法能根据用户需求变化直接确定要维护的组件，从而提高组件的适应能力。