L2C码与L2载波数据质量分析

基于IGS的L2C信号跟踪站数据验证了具有L2C码的卫星的L2载波的信噪比高于没有L2C码的卫星的L2载波的信噪比,L2载波恢复的数据质量更好.针对不同的接收机,对比分析了C/A码和L2C码多路径效应及观测噪声水平,发现对TRIMBLE NETRS接收机,L2C码误差水平明显高于C/A码,与期望结果相反.     

L2C监测跟踪网信噪比SNR数据质量分析

本文从L2C监测跟踪网的数据出发,分析了其中六个监测站的信噪比(SNR)数据。首先分析了未调制L2C码卫星的L1载波和L2载波的信噪比,得出此时的L2的信噪比数值相对较小(L1载波的信噪比均值与L2的信噪比均值差异最大为19.1dB)且稳定性较差;随后分析了调制有L2C码的卫星的L1载波和L2载波的信噪比,得出现代化后的L2载波信噪比与L1载波的信噪比基本一致(两个信噪比之差基本上在5dB左右);进而得出结论:调制有L2C码的L2载波具有更好的数据稳定性和抗干扰能力,且具有易于捕获的特点。     

GPS现代化后L2载波的定位精度研究

利用实际采集的数据,从信噪比和定位残差上分析了L2载波的数据质量,指出GPS现代化后,用L2C码恢复的L2载波信噪比明显提高,与L2载波信噪比接近,两者的差值仅在5 dBHz以内;用L2 C码恢复的L2载波比GPS现代化前的L2载波的信噪比更加稳定,不容易受卫星高度角的影响;同时利用L2 C码恢复的L2载波的定位残差比没有L2 C码的L2裁波小,定位精度明显提高.     

GPS现代化后L2载波的数据质量分析

从L2C码的信号结构、多路径效应和信噪比3个方面对实际采集到的观测数据进行分析,结果表明,新的L2C码采用了新的设计结构,其多路径效应与C/A码的多路径效应较为一致,且L2载波的信噪比得到明显提高。然后利用L1载波和L2载波分别求解双差模糊度,实验结果说明,加载了L2C码的L2载波和L1载波计算双差模糊度的效果一致,较原未加载L2C码的载波在模糊度解算效率上有显著的提高。     

GPS民用广播星历中ISC参数精度分析及其对导航定位的影响

2005年起发射的GPS Block IIR-M卫星在L2频率上新增了L2C民用信号,2010年起发射的Block IIF卫星新增了L5频率及L5I、L5Q两种民用信号。为此,GPS民用广播星历在原有时间群延迟(TGD)参数的基础上,新增了ISC_(C/A)、ISC_(L2C)、ISC_(L5I)及ISC_(L5Q)4种ISC(inter-signal correction)参数,以服务GPS实时导航定位用户。本文给出了ISC参数在GPS单/双频定位中的改正方法、利用不同机构提供的后处理差分码偏差(DCB)产品评估了ISC参数的实际精度、研究了ISC参数对GPS民用导航定位精度的影响。在明确TGD、ISC和DCB 3类参数之间区别与联系的基础上,本文研究表明:GPS广播的ISC_(C/A)参数精度可达0.2ns,TGD、ISCL2C及ISCL5Q参数精度可达0.5ns;以2014年连续11d全球12个MGEX(multi-GNSS experiment)站为例,经由ISC参数改正后,GPS L2C单频标准单点定位(SPP)的位置解精度提高了30.6%,L1C/A+L2C双频SPP的位置解精度提高了12.2%,该精度与L1P(Y)+L2P(Y)消电离层组合SPP的位置解精度相当。     

L1范估计的巴尔达型检验及其可靠性

根据残差与真误差的Bahadur型关系,L1范估计中, 粗差几乎完全反映到相应的残差上,这就是L1范估计能正确定位粗差的原因.对L2范估计,粗差只是部分地反应到相应残差上,由此会导致粗差误判.根据L1范估计的残差及其方差, 构造了L1范估计的巴尔达检验统计量, 并讨论了L1范估计的可靠性.与L2范估计的可靠性比较,L1范估计的可靠性受多余观测的影响小.     

GPS多频观测数据的模拟仿真

GPS现代化后增加了L5频率,多个频率观测值的使用可以组成更多的线性组合。但由于目前很难获取L5的实测载波数据,只能在双频载波的基础上通过多频载波相位观测值和伪距观测值的模拟模型获取L5载波的模拟数据。探讨了利用非差思想对L5进行数值模拟的方法,以相同方法模拟不同采样率下的L2载波数据并与实测的L2载波数据进行对比分析,验证了该模拟方法在高采样率下的可行性。     

产品信息

三星跟踪系统芯片接收机台湾拓普康(Topcon)定位系统公司新近推出一款名为Paradigm G3 GPS芯片接收机,这种接收机可对GPS、GLONASS和Galileo卫星进行全球信号跟踪,它可接收GPS L1,L2和L5载波频率、C/A码和L2C民用码以及L1和L2频率的P码,它还可以接收GLONASS的L1及L2载波频率、L     

现代化GPS信号的宽巷组合及其求解模糊度研究

结合GPS现代化计划的主要方面，即增加第3信号L5，给出了新的信号L5和L2载波组性组合的数学模型，重点对宽巷线性组合进行了研究，分别模拟计算并比较L5和L2以及L5和L1载波宽巷线性组合结果，最后利用宽巷组合求解模糊度，并得出结论。     

GPS卫星导航信号体制的发展和设计比较研究

在GPS现代化计划的指导下，GPS卫星导航信号体制得到了不断发展和完善。本文分析总结了GPS卫星导航信号体制的发展和演进，研究了民用信号新增的L2C和L5，以及军用信号将采用的BOC调制，在此基础上对两个民用信号L2C和L5进行了比较研究。     

Performance of the L2C civil GPS signal under various ionospheric scintillation effects

As GPS is modernizing, there are currently fourteen satellites transmitting L2C civil code and seven satellites transmitting L5 signal. While the GPS observables are subject to several sources of errors, the ionosphere is one of the largest error sources affecting GPS signals. Small irregularities in the electrons density along the GPS radio signal propagation path cause ionospheric scintillation that is characterized by rapid fluctuations in the signal amplitude and phase. The ionospheric scintillation effects are stronger in equatorial and high-latitude geomagnetic latitude regions and occur mainly due to equatorial anomaly and solar storms. Several researchers have analyzed the L2C signal quality since becoming available in December, 2005. We analyze the performance of L2C using GPS data from stations in the equatorial region of Brazil, which is subject of weak, moderate and strong ionospheric scintillation conditions. The GPS data were collected by Septentrio PolaRxS–PRO receivers as part of the CIGALA/CALIBRA network. The analysis was performed as a function of scintillations indexes S4 and Phi60, lock time (time interval in seconds that the carrier phase is tracked continuously without cycle slips), multipath RMS and position variation of precise point positioning solutions. The analysis shows that L2C code solutions are less affected by multipath effects than that of P2 when data are collected under weak ionospheric scintillation effects. In terms of analysis of positions, the kinematic PPP results using L2C instead P2 codes show accuracy improvements up to 33 % in periods of weak or strong ionospheric scintillation. When combining phase and code collected under weak scintillation effects, the results by applying L2C against P2 provide improvement in accuracy up to 59 %. However, for data under strong scintillation effects, the use of L2C for PPP with code and phase does not provide improvements in the positioning accuracy.     

A comparison of P code and high performance C/A code GPS receivers for on the fly ambiguity resolution

Carrier phase ambiguity resolution on the fly is investigated using two receiver technologies, namely dual-frequency P code and high performance, single frequency, C/A code receivers. Both receiver types were used simultaneously in a series of land kinematic trials. A least-squares search technique is used to find the correct double difference carrier phase ambiguities. Both C/A and single frequency P code technologies are found to be equivalent and capable of resolving the integer ambiguities on the fly using some 30 to 200 seconds of data under benign multipath conditions. Successful ambiguity resolution on the fly results in cm-level accuracy kinematic positioning. The ambiguity resolution time required and success rate are however found to be strongly dependent on the level of carrier phase multipath and, as a consequence, on the error variance assigned to the carrier phase measurements. The use of widelaning with the dual frequency P code results in ambiguity resolution in seconds. The performance of widelaning is also superior in a comparatively high carrier phase multipath environment.     

组合码和相位观测值在线解双差模糊度的算法

如何在线精确地求解整周模糊度,是ＧＰＳ高精度动态相对定位的关键问题。在线解算取决于很多因素：基线长度、数据处理方法、接收机的性能（如双频还是单频）以及抗ＡＳ和ＳＡ的能力等。现代双频ＧＰＳ接收机能获得载波相位和Ｌ１、Ｌ２频道上的精度伪距观测值,组合这４个观测值可进行单历元整周模糊度解算。文中对组合码和相位观测值在线解整周度的算法进行了试验和分析,得出了很有实用意义的结合。     

An open source GPS multipath simulator in Matlab/Octave

Multipath is detrimental for both GPS positioning and timing applications. However, the benefits of GPS multipath for reflectometry have become increasingly clear for monitoring soil moisture, snow depth, and vegetation growth. In positioning applications, a simulator can support multipath mitigation efforts in terms of, e.g., site selection, antenna design, receiver performance assessment, and in relating different observations to a common parameterization. For reflectometry, in order to convert observed multipath parameters into useable environmental products, it is important to be able to explicitly link the GPS observables to known characteristics of the GPS receiver/antenna and the reflecting environment. Existing GPS multipath software simulators are generally not readily available for the general scientific community to use and/or modify. Here, a simulator has been implemented in Matlab/Octave and is made available as open source code. It can produce signal-to-noise ratio, carrier phase, and code pseudorange observables, based on L1 and L2 carrier frequencies and C/A, P(Y), and L2C modulations. It couples different surface and antenna types with due consideration for polarization and coherence. In addition to offering predefined material types (water, concrete, soil, etc.), it allows certain dimensional properties to be varied, such as soil moisture and snow density.     

An all-pass filter for compensation of ionospheric dispersion effects on wideband GNSS signals

Compared with the traditional GPS L1 C/A BPSK-R(1) signal, wideband global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals suffer more severe distortion due to ionospheric dispersion. Ionospheric dispersion inevitably introduces additional errors in pseudorange and carrier phase observations that cannot be readily eliminated by traditional methods. Researchers have reported power losses, waveform ripples, correlation peak asymmetries, and carrier phase shifts caused by ionospheric dispersion. We analyze the code tracking bias induced by ionospheric dispersion and propose an efficient all-pass filter to compensate the corresponding nonlinear group delay over the signal bandwidth. The filter is constructed in a cascaded biquad form based on the estimated total electron content (TEC). The effects of TEC accuracy, filter order, and fraction parameter on the filter fitting error are explored. Taking the AltBOC(15,10) signal as an example, we compare the time domain signal waveforms, correlation peaks, code tracking biases, and carrier phase biases with and without this all-pass filter and demonstrate that the proposed delay-equalization all-pass filter is a potential solution to ionospheric dispersion compensation and mitigation of observation biases for wideband GNSS signals.     

GNSS-R DDM波形仿真的时延与多普勒间隔研究

DDM波形是GNSS-R技术用于反演地球物理参量的基本观测量,其仿真结果的可靠性直接影响GNSS-R的理论研究及项目工程参数设计。利用GREEPS仿真软件分析了时延间隔与多普勒间隔对DDM波形仿真结果可靠性的影响,得到了用于获取可靠DDM仿真波形的时延与多普勒间隔参数。研究表明,时延和多普勒间隔越小,DDM仿真波形与理论波形吻合度越高;当时延间隔取1/16个GPS L1 C/A码元、多普勒间隔取50 Hz时,DDM仿真波形与理论波形几乎完全吻合,二者的相关系数大于0.99;时延间隔对DDM仿真波形峰值位置的影响远大于对峰值信噪比的影响;而多普勒间隔对DDM仿真波形峰值位置与信噪比的影响相当。     

On the accuracy of the GPS L2 observable for ionospheric monitoring

The introduction of the unencrypted global positioning system (GPS) L2 civil (L2C) signal has the potential to improve measurements made with the L2 frequency, an important observable in GPS-based ionospheric research and monitoring. Recent work has shown significant differences between the legacy L2P(Y) and L2C-derived total electron content rate of change index (ROTI). This difference is observed between L2P(Y) and L2C-derived ROTI with certain receiver models and between zero-baseline receiver pairs. We discuss the likely cause for these differences: L1-aided tracking used to track both the L2P(Y) and L2C signals. We also present L2C data that are confirmed to be from tracking independent of L1. Using the ionospheric-free linear combination, we show that the independently tracked carrier phase dynamics are significantly more accurate than the L1-aided observables. This result is confirmed by comparing the behavior of the L2C and L2P(Y) carrier phase observables upon a sudden antenna rotation.