利用北京GPS监测网分析夏季暴雨的水汽特征

利用覆盖北京地区的地基GPS水汽监测网数据反演的地基GPS大气柱水汽含量 (precipitable water vapor, PWV),分析了2009年7月3次暴雨天气过程中大气柱水汽含量的水平分布特征;利用高空、地面常规气象资料以及加密气象自动站观测资料计算地面和高空比湿,结合温度、风等物理量分析3次暴雨天气过程中的大尺度水汽输送和中尺度局地辐合作用;对最大降水强度以及降水量的时间变化的分析表明:3次降水落区分布特征与降水前期大气柱水汽含量高值的水平分布较为一致;大气柱水汽含量曲线变化特征与各尺度天气系统造成的水汽输送和水汽辐合密切相关,大气柱水汽含量的大小与水汽来源密切相关;降水前4小时内大气柱水汽含量出现陡增,线性增速大于1.1 mm/h,最大降水强度出现在大气柱水汽含量峰值出现后的1~2 h。     

上级指导预报订正方法研究

从适应现代预报业务需求出发,针对中央台、省台2010年指导预报进行检验,并认真分析降水空漏报原因,结合本地天气形势及地形特点,建立降水、气温及灾害性天气预报指标,并对历史资料进行反查。采用条件概率将消空率≥80％的预报指标作为消空指标,将预报准确率≥90％的预报指标作为补漏指标,对指导预报建立消空、补漏预报方法,提高市级订正预报准确率。该订正方法在2011年业务应用中预报效果显著。     

基于VB环境下水准网平差程序设计研究

在工程测量中,当测区需要观测很多点的高程时,就需要布设水准网。水准网间接平差模型具有许多优点,是编写水准网平差软件的主要模型。本文根据水准网间接平差的原理,论述了程序实现三四等水准网平差的思路和实现方法,并用相关实例验证了可行性。     

Study on the uncertainty of the available time under ship fire based on Monte Carlo sampling method

Available safety egress time under ship fire(SFAT) is critical to ship fire safety assessment,design and emergency rescue.Although it is available to determine SFAT by using fire models such as the two-zone fire model CFAST and the field model FDS,none of these models can address the uncertainties involved in the input parameters.To solve this problem,current study presents a framework of uncertainty analysis for SFAT.Firstly,a deterministic model estimating SFAT is built.The uncertainties of the input parameters are regarded as random variables with the given probability distribution functions.Subsequently,the deterministic SFAT model is employed to couple with a Monte Carlo sampling method to investigate the uncertainties of the SFAT.The Spearman’s rank-order correlation coefficient(SRCC) is used to examine the sensitivity of each input uncertainty parameter on SFAT.To illustrate the proposed approach in detail,a case study is performed.Based on the proposed approach,probability density function and cumulative density function of SFAT are obtained.Furthermore,sensitivity analysis with regard to SFAT is also conducted.The results give a high-negative correlation of SFAT and the fire growth coefficient whereas the effect of other parameters is so weak that they can be neglected.     

超强台风“罗莎”和“韦帕”大风过程对比分析

摘要利用常规探空和地面、加密自动站资料、FY-2C卫星红外云图资料以及多普勒雷达径向速度资料,对2007年登陆浙南闽北交界的超强台风“罗莎”和“韦帕”大风过程及成因进行了对比分析。结果发现：地面气压场的分布对台风登陆前后大风的出现时间、影响范围以及登陆后大风的持续时间有重要的影响;台风登陆之前FY-2C红外云图对大风的影响范围有一定的指示作用,而台风外围螺旋云带进入东海海域的时间则可以作为预报台风大风开始影响温州的一个参考依据;多普勒雷达最大径向速度对台风极大风速的预测有重要的参考作用。     

Estimating the economic impacts of climate change on infectious diseases: a case study on dengue fever in Taiwan

Researchers of climate change have suggested that climate change and variability has a significant influence on the epidemiology of infectious diseases, particularly vector-borne diseases. The purpose of this study is to explore how climate conditions and the dengue fever epidemic in Taiwan are related and to estimate the economic impact of climate change on infectious diseases. To achieve these objectives, two different methods, one involving the Panel data model and the other the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), are applied in this study. At first, we use the Panel data model to assess the relationship between climate conditions and the number of people infected by dengue fever during the period from January 2000 to February 2006 in 308 cities and townships in the Taiwan. The results of the empirical estimation indicate that climate conditions have an increasingly significant impact on the probability of people being infected by dengue fever. The probability of being infected by dengue fever due to climate change is then calculated and is found to range from 12% to 43% to 87% which represent low, mid, and high probabilities of infection caused by climate change when the temperature is increased by 1.8°C. The respondent’s willingness to pay (WTP) is also investigated in the survey using the single-bounded dichotomous choice (SBDC) approach, and the results show that people would pay NT$724, NT$3,223 and NT$5,114 per year in order to avoid the increased probabilities of 12%, 43%, and 87%, respectively, of their being infected with dengue fever.     

Analytical solution of water table fluctuations above an inclined leaky layer due to ditch recharge

Ditch recharge is a method used for raising a water table. However, if the aquifer lies above a leaky layer, then the leaky bed will have an effect on the height of the water table. This paper attempts to provide an analytical solution of the transient state to the linearized Boussinesq equation. The solution proposed in this paper is intended for a generalized form of the leaky layer, with the boundary condition of the water level moving according to an exponential form. The results of theoretical analysis and experimental studies can provide a much better explanation of ditch recharge on an inclined leaky layer. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A new quasar identified in the vicinity of NGC1068

An X-ray source close to the classical Seyfert galaxy NGC 1068 is identified as a quasar with a redshift of 0.63. The very high surface density of quasars around NGC 1068 suggests that the quasars may be physically associated with this active galaxy.     

碳的化学地球动力学

本文简述了国际上在碳的化学地球动力学方面的研究进展。这包括对整个地球和地幔的碳丰度估计，对当代从大洋中脊、岛弧排出的ＣＯ２通量等估计，以及对涉及地球去气和深部碳循环等过程的一些有争议的化学地球动力学问题的探讨。