土壤污染地球化学标准及等级划分问题讨论

全国多目标区域地球化学调查发现有害元素广泛分布引起极大关注。土壤污染将长期危及生态系统和人类生存安全。制定土壤污染等级标准十分重要。国家土壤环境保护标准体系中,土壤污染等级标准是针对调查发现的污染进行量度划分,土壤环境质量标准是依据污染对环境影响程度确定临界值,土壤污染评价标准是针对存在问题进行科学研究的指标。土壤污染等级采用统一的分级标准,划分为国家级、流域级、省级和地市级。标准制定是一个由局部到全局的认识,又由全局到局部的决策过程。在多目标区域地球化学调查基础上首先制定土壤污染标准及划分污染等级是笔者的主导思想。     

基于压差式水位传感器的冰层厚度自动监测系统

本自动监测冰厚装置原理,是通过测量冰层底面与冰下水中一固定端之间垂直距离来实现的。该距离是一只浮桶从固定端运动到冰层底面的行程。随浮桶一起运动的压差式水位传感器分别给出浮桶位于固定端和冰层底面的位置,而浮桶的运动则依靠数据采集仪控制浮桶内水泵排吸水改变浮桶的重力来实现,并且该仪器能够记录传感器的信号和设置水泵开关的开、闭时间。为了避免浮桶对冰层厚度变化的影响且浮桶不至于与冰层底面冻结,浮桶只是在测量行程时上浮到冰层底面,其他时间均在固定端位置。文中给出系统的工作原理和现场实测结果的初步分析。     

不同规格化的引潮位展开及其转换

引入完全规格化的缔合勒让德函数，阐述国际上两类不同规格化的引潮位展开，使引潮位函数表达更加简明，大地系数定义更加规范. 由此得到由Doodson规格化与Hartmann & Wenzel规格化之间的转换系数.     

基于MapObjects的城市公众GIS的设计与实现

介绍了建立在对象链接与嵌入技术基础上的GIS控件MapObjects的数据结构、功能接口以及运行机制,并结合城市公众GIS系统的开发,介绍了利用MapObjects开发城市公众GIS的方法,分析了基于MapObjects开发城市公众GIS的优点。     

城市小区规划对大气环境影响的评估研究

不同城市小区规划方案对大气环境的影响不同。本文在已建城市小区尺度气象和污染扩散模式的基础上,针对城市小区规划对气象及大气环境的影响,提出了一套以人为本的客观、科学、可操作的影响评估指标及方法,并以北京市某小区两种规划方案为例,具体评估了它们对气象及大气环境的不同影响。结果表明:由于第二种规划方案在小区中部有一条较宽的东西向道路,并且道路中绿化较多,这条道路是气流东西向流动的重要通道,道路附近风速较大、气温较低、污染较轻,并且对整个小区的气象和大气环境都有改善。由此可见,基于城市小区尺度模式,对城市小区规划对大气环境的影响进行评估是必要和可行的。本文提出的人体舒适度、行人舒适度、地面污染物浓度、最高建筑高度以下污染物浓度、建筑物表面污染物浓度及扩散能力等六项评估指标,并分别给予该6种指标的权重系数为0.2,0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1及0.4,然后再加权平均的评估方法是合理可行的。     

大豆蛋白废水处理中泡沫分离过程的数学模型

假设吸附过程始终处于平衡态、气泡大小均一以及每一个气泡均为正十二面体,构建了泡沫分离过程的数学模型.模拟了液池中蛋白质在气液界面上的吸附过程和泡沫层中气泡的失水过程,得出了富集比的表达式,可用于分离效果的预测.经验证,模型与实验条件下的泡沫分离过程基本符合.     

浅谈信息化测绘在土地利用与管理中的应用

当今社会,土地的利用与管理工作与人们的日常生活密切相关,小到居民住房的购买,大到国家的土地利用总体规划,其工作成效直接影响着人民生活的安居乐业和国家的长治久安。随着测绘相关技术的日臻完善,我国的测绘体系经历了由传统测绘向数字化测绘的转变,目前正在向信息化测绘过渡。信息化测绘是测绘行业发展的必然趋势,其高效的作业模式必然会给土地的利用和管理提供巨大的便利。首先介绍了信息化测绘的内涵及技术体系,然后探讨了信息化测绘技术在土地利用和管理中的应用,最后对信息化测绘技术在土地利用与管理上的发展前景进行了展望。     

Effect of Dietary Phosphorus on the Growth and Body Components of Juvenile Synechogobius hasta

The effect of dietary phosphorus on the growth and body components of juvenile Synechogobius hasta was determined. Different percentages of dietary phosphorus (0.63, 0.77, 0.93, 1.06, 1.22 and 1.36) were tested by feeding the fish (body weight, 15.81 g ± 0.32 g; 20 individuals each group; 3 groups each percentage) at a surplus of 5%–10% above satiation for 35 d. Dietary phosphorus did not significantly affect the specific growth rate, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency rate. Nitrogen ...     

Spatial Variation of Dissolved Organic Carbon in Soils of Riparian Wetlands and Responses to Hydro-geomorphologic Changes in Sanjiang Plain,China

Spatial variation of dissolved organic carbon(DOC) in soils of riparian wetlands and responses to hydro-geomorphologic changes in the Sanjiang Plain were analyzed through in situ collecting soil samples in the Naoli River and the Bielahong River. The results showed that the average contents of DOC for soil layer of 0–100 cm were 730.6 mg/kg, 250.9 mg/kg, 423.0 mg/kg and 333.1 mg/kg respectively from riverbed to river terrace along the transverse directions of the Naoli watershed. The content of the soil DOC was the highest in the riverbed, lower in the high floodplain and much lower in the river terrace, and it was the lowest in the low floodplain. The difference in the content and vertical distribution of DOC between the riverbed and the three riparian wetlands was significant, while it was not significant among the low floodplain, the high floodplain and the river terrace. The variability of soil DOC was related to the hydrological connectivity between different landscape position of the riparian wetlands and the adjacent stream. Extremely significant correlations were observed between DOC and total organic carbon(TOC), total iron(TFe), ferrous iron(Fe(II)) whose correlation coefficients were 0.819, –0.544 and –0.709 in riparian wetlands of the Naoli River. With the increase of wetland destruction, soil p H increased and soil DOC content changed. The correlation coefficients between soil DOC and TOC, TFe, Fe(II) also changed into 0.759, –0.686 and –0.575 respectively in the Bielahong River. Under the impact of drainage ditches, the correlations between soil DOC and TFe, Fe(II) were not obvious, while the soil p H was weakly alkaline and was negatively correlated with soil DOC in the previous high floodplain. It indicates that riparian hydro-geomorphology is the main factor that could well explain this spatial variability of soil DOC, and the agricultural environmental hydraulic works like ditching also must be considered.     

国外航海保障体系研究与启示

通过对以英国、美国和日本为代表的国外航海保障体系的研究,重点从组织结构与人员构成、技术支持与主要产品、质量管理与服务体系几方面分析了的国外航海保障体系的先进性,指出其对我国航海保障体系发展的启示之处,提出了我方的改进方向。