中子活化分析在铼—锇法年龄测定中的应用

同位素稀释中子活化分析铼与感耦等离子体质谱法测定锇相结合，应用于辉钼矿及铜＿镍硫化物矿物的铼＿锇年龄测定，取得了满意的结果，扩大了铼＿锇测年法的应用范围。     

宁夏盐池县土地沙质荒漠化的发展趋势及其防治

宁夏盐池县是我国北方农牧交错带沙质荒漠化强烈发展的地区之一。通过分析该区土地沙质荒漠化的发展趋势及其成因，认为该区土地沙质荒漠化有日趋扩大、日益严重的发展趋势；在潜在自然因素的基础上，人为因素是造成该区土地沙质荒漠化的主要因素。针对该区土地沙质荒漠化的发展趋势及其成因，结合沙质荒漠化土地的农林牧综合开发，提出了防治土地沙质荒漠化的目标、实施步骤及基本对策。     

造山带弧形构造——西昆仑—帕米尔弧及其预测

对比利牛斯等造山带典型弧形构造的分析表明,弧形构造是造山带尤其是板内碰撞造山带的普遍特征,可分为挤压逆冲-推覆主动型构造和推覆-滑覆被动型弧形构造。西昆仑—帕米尔是与比利牛斯Basque弧在空间形态、运动学及动力学特征等方面一致的挤压逆冲-推覆主动型弧形构造,推测该弧中部存在一巨大的底部低角度逆掩断层并由根部带向北延伸达100多公里,康西瓦断裂(基底缝合带)可能是主根部逆冲断层带。     

Coal-generated oil in Tuha Basin

The Turpan-Harmi (abbreviated to Tuha below) Basin is a typical basin of coal-generated oil accumulation in China. The Middle-Lower Jurassic coal measures are considered the main source beds. Hence, both desmocollinite and suberinite are considered the contributors for coal-generated oil. Principal geochemical features of the crude oil in the Tuha Basin are rich in alkanes (70%—80%), high pristane/phytane ratio (6—8), abundant heavy carbon isotope (δ¹³C PDB= -26%–-23%) and absolute GP sterane predominance. The hydrocarbon generation process from the coal series is characterized by multistages, early generation and early expulsion.     

The hydrocarbon generation mechanism and the three-stage type model of hydrocarbon generation for carbonate source rocks

The diagenetic mechanism and process of carbonate rocks, which is different to that of clastic rocks, decides the existence of different existing state organic matters in carbonate rocks. This has been verified by both the microscopic observation of organic petrology and the analysis of organic geochemistry of many samples. Based on the hydrous pyrolysis simulation experiment of the low-mature carbonate rocks, the contrasting study on the yield and their geochemistry characteristics of different existing state soluble organic matters of a series of various maturity samples shows that the different existing state organic matters make different contributions to hydrocarbon generation during every evolution state. So that, the hydrocarbon generation process of carbonate rocks can be summarized as the following three stages: the first is the direct degradation of biogenic bitumen macromolecules during the immature stage, the second is the thermal degradation of a large amount of kerogen at the mature stage, the last stage is the expulsion or release of inclusion organic matter owing to the increased thermal expansion pressure during the high evolution stage. Part of achievements of the Eighth Five-Year National Science-Technology Key-Task Project “85-102-02-07”.     

原油族组分成气的化学动力学模型及其标定

利用等温密封热解实验技术及恒速升温热解实验与PY—GC分析技术的结合,本文分别建立并标定了原油中各族组分,即饱和烃、芳烃、非烃和沥青质成气的化学动力学模型。结果表明,原油中不同族组分成气的过程均可用平行一级反应描述,但不同组分在平均活化能及活化能分布上有明显的差异。各族组分在地史过程中成气的过程可由各自的化学动力学模型来描述。这将使原油成气过程的定量、动态描述成为可能。     

晋北后所金矿床地质特征及矿床成因

后所金矿是产在五台群变质岩中的金矿床，有含金黄铁矿石英脉型和蚀变岩型两种矿化类型本文论述了后所金矿的地质特征，矿物组成，微量元素，稳定同位素地球化学和矿物馀本学特征，探讨了金矿的物质来源和金矿成因，指出了金矿的演化和最后定位于燕山中晚期。     

台风路径数值预报模式的并行化及路径预报误差分析

国家气象中心台风路径数值预报模式经过串行优化及程序并行, 成功地实现了在国产超级计算机神威上的并行运算, 并可满足业务时效要求。基于并行程序及神威机计算平台的台风路径数值预报业务系统于2002年6月30日投入实时运行, 其初估场与侧边界条件从T106L19模式产品升级为T213L31模式产品 (称为基于T213台风预报系统, 原串行系统称为基于T106台风预报系统)。通过对2002年夏秋季台风路径的检验, 总体来看, 基于T213台风预报系统48 h内的平均路径预报误差小于基于T106台风预报系统的路径预报误差。对西行及西北行登陆的台风, 基于T106台风预报系统的48 h预报好于基于T213台风预报系统的预报。对于转向台风而言, 转向后的预报, 基于T213台风预报系统的预报要好于基于T106台风预报系统的预报, 有效地减小了基于T106台风预报系统对转向台风路径预报的系统性误差:即台风转向后预报路径较实况路径偏西。     

从赋矿岩系岩石类型的多样性论羊拉铜矿的成因

通过野外调查和室内工作，将羊拉铜矿床按矿石的矿物成分和组构分出9种类型，包括矽卡岩型、大理岩型、砂板岩型、角岩型、凝灰质流纹岩型、玄武岩-辉绿岩型、花岗质碎裂岩-花岗斑岩型、安山岩型和绢英岩型。矽卡岩型矿石是构成矿体的最主要矿石类型，但在不同矿段可由碳酸盐岩(里农)和凝灰质火山岩(贝吾)两种原岩形成。矿体在赋矿岩系中有3种产出形态：顺层呈层状．似层状；沿花岗岩与沉积岩接触面呈透镜状；贯穿岩体和沉积岩呈大脉状。它们均与后期构造密切相关，矿体无确定的顶、底板岩石，围岩蚀变以矿体为中心呈环带状分布。研究表明，矿床相对赋矿岩系显示出明显的后成性，属于印支期花岗岩-花岗斑岩与古生代混杂岩通过强烈的接触交代作用形成的矽卡岩型铜矿床。     

Selective feeding of bay scallop Argopecten irradians on phytoplankton community revealed by HPLC analysis of phytopigments in Bohai Sea,China

Understanding the feeding selectivity on phytoplankton by shellfish is currently a big challenge.In order to investigate the feeding behavior of bay scallop(Argopecten irradians)on phytoplankton,we compared its compositions of phytopigments in digestive glands with those in the surrounding seawater,and conducted five consecutive investigations between July and November 2016 in a bay scallop culture area along coast of Qinghuangdao City,northwest of the Bohai Sea,China.Phytopigments in four-size fractionated phytoplankton of seawater(micro-(20-200 μm);nano(L)-[10-20 μm];nano(S)-[2.7-10 μm],and pico-[2.7 μm])and digestive glands of A.irradians were examined to investigate the selective feeding of A.irradians.Results show that fucoxanthin and peridinin constituted the major part of taxonomically diagnostic carotenoids(TDCs)in the micro-and nano(L)-phytoplankton in seawater.Compared with total phytoplankton biomass of seawater(TPB,sum of the four sizes),a substantial decrease of fucoxanthin proportion to total DCs in digestive glands was observed while that of peridinin,19'-butanoyloxyfucoxanthin,alloxanthin and 19'-hexanoyloxy-fucoxanthin showed an obvious increase when those pigments were mainly confined to micro-sized phytoplankton(20-200 μm).However,zeaxanthin and prasinoxanthin were mainly confined to nano(s)-and pico-phytoplankton,of which the proportions in digestive glands were usually lower in TPB.The contribution of lutein to total DCs in digestive glands(with an average of 7.23%)increased compared with TPB of seawater(with an average of 0.63%)during all five sampling times.