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Effects of precipitation and landuse on runoff during the past 50 years in a typical watershed in the Loess Plateau, China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Huaxing BI Bin LIU Jie WU Lei YUN Zhihan CHEN Zhewei CUI Prof. in hydrology College of soil water conservation Box Beijing Forestry University Qinghua East Road Haidian District Beijing China Researcher in hydrology Xifeng station of soil water conservation Xifeng Gansu Province China Graduate Assis. 《国际泥沙研究》2009,24(3):352-364
In the past century, great progress has been made worldwide in our understanding of forest-water relationship. The successful forestation programs implemented in China-which have improved the ecological environmental conditions-have gained the attention of many researchers and highlighted the relationship between forestation and water yields. The arid and semi-arid Loess Plateau has received attention from water engineers and eco-hydrological researchers in China because of a shortage in water resources. We selected one of the oldest stations conducting soil and water conservation experiments, the Xifeng soil and water conservation station, and chose the Nanxiaohe catchment and its paired catchments (Yangjiagou catchment and Dongzhuanggou catchment) as our research areas. Trends in precipitation, air temperature, streamflow over the past 50 years, and the effect of changing land use on streamflow were analyzed. The Mann-Kendall test showed that precipitation had a negative trend (downward trend), whereas air temperature showed a positive trend (upward trend) from the past to present in the Nanxiaohe catchment. However, the trends seen in precipitation, air temperature did not contain any "jumping points." The paired catchment approach is used to detect the effects of land cover change on hydrology in the Yangjiagou and the contrast catchment, i.e., Dongzhuanggou catchment in our study. The results showed a large change in land use in the Yangjiagou catchment from 1954 to 2008. An increase in forested land (from 0% to 40.08% from 1954 to 2008) and a reduction of bare land (from 51.26% to 5.50% from 1954 to 2008) accounted for a large part of the change in land use. However, the land use changed little in the contrast catchment. The comparison of streamfiow in the paired catchments showed that forestation reduced streamflow by 49.63% (or 6.5 mm) each year. 相似文献
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柴达木盆地三湖地区第四系蕴藏着巨大的生物气资源,目前已探明加控制天然气储量接近3×1011m3。更新世时期,柴达木盆地的湖相沉积主要分布在三湖(吉乃尔湖、涩聂湖和达布逊湖)地区,自山前至盆地中心依次发育了冲积扇、河流三角洲和湖相沉积,其中湖相沉积分布最为广泛。早更新世湖相沉积开始形成,中更新世湖相沉积扩张并且达到鼎盛,晚更新世湖相沉积开始萎缩并形成盐湖沉积。中、早更新世冰川的出现和青藏高原的崛起使柴达木盆地的古气候变得干旱寒冷,沉积水体温度较低,盐度较高。本区第四纪独特的沉积环境是形成大型生物气藏最重要的地质条件。高盐度的水体环境减缓了有机质的降解速度,长期的低温条件抑制了甲烷菌的活动,避免了沉积有机质在沉积浅埋阶段的过量消耗,推迟了生物产气的高峰期。而三湖地区巨厚的第四系暗色泥岩和频繁发育的砂岩提供了充足的气源条件和构成了良好的生储盖组合。 相似文献
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时态地理信息系统研究进展和问题 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
简要回顾了国内外时态GIS(Temporal GIS)发展历史,从地理时空认知、时空拓扑关系、时空系统理论、时空数据模型以及动态过程模拟等几方面总结了国内外时态GIS研究现状,展望了时态GIS进一步研究必须解决的几个问题。 相似文献
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2001年11月3日和12月25日江苏南通地区分别发生了ML3.8和ML4.1的地震群事件. 本文以上海崇明地电场台和南京地电场台ZD9A大地电场仪的观测资料为研究对象,在阐述了多极距地电场观测去噪音原理的基础上, 研究了这两个台站地电场多极距观测系统的资料在震前的异常变化特征. 结果表明: ① 多极距观测去噪音方法是一种很好的识别地电场噪音的方法;② 在震前20天、2天及42天离震中较近的崇明台NS和NE方向上分别接收到了地震电信号, 其持续时间最长的为9天,而较远的南京台出现的异常信号都是噪音信号而非地震电信号;③ 地电场多极距观测系统中公用电极的布极方式是不可取的. 相似文献
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利用数十口井的电性、岩性及分析化验资料,将柴达木盆地西部地区古近纪与新近纪沉积相划分为七种相和亚相:洪积锥、水下冲积扇、河道和泛滥平原、滨湖、浅湖、较深湖和三角洲。沉积相的空间展布概括起来分为三大带:(1)阿尔金山前西段陡坡带洪积锥-水下冲积扇-扇三角洲-河道和泛滥平原-湖相 (2)阿尔金山前中段陡坡带洪积锥-水下冲积扇-湖相;(3)昆仑山前洪积锥-河道和泛滥平原-三角洲相。沉积相不仅影响着碎屑岩的成分和结构,而且也影响其物性与含油性。由洪积锥到水下冲积扇,到河道和泛滥平原,到三角洲,到湖相,石英和胶结物含量逐渐升高,岩屑和杂基含量逐渐降低,分选及磨圆变好,颗粒的粒级变细。浅层以河道和泛滥平原及三角洲相的物性最好,深层以三角洲相的物性最好,次为冲积扇,湖相最差。碎屑岩的油气富集以河道、泛滥平原和三角洲相最好,滨浅湖相油气富集最差。 相似文献
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介绍了兰州大尖山核试验监测地震台阵的勘址工作,包括本地区的地质背景、气象条件以及中心建筑(CRF)和各子台建筑的的工程地质情况。该台阵投入观测后表明:台阵所在地区的气象、地质条件等观测环境完全满足全面禁止核试验条约组织国际监测系统(CTBTO/MS)勘选台阵的要求。兰州大尖山地震台阵的建成,进一步提高了甘肃省兰州市及周边地区微震活动的监测能力。 相似文献