Geotectonic Settings of Large and Superlarge Mineral Deposits on the Southwestern Margin of the North China Plate

The geotectonic setting refers to the three-dimensional space and related events based on which a metallogenic system is formed and an ore-forming process takes place. This paper discusses the tectonic evolution of the southwestern margin of the North China paleocontinent and related geotectonic settings in which large or superlarge deposits are formed. Emphasis is put on the geodynamic conditions of the Jinchuan nickel-copper deposit, the Baiyin copper-polymetallic deposit and the Hanshan gold deposit. It is significant that the three deposits occur together as a "trinity" on the same paleocontinental margin. The Jinchuan nickel-copper deposit was formed during the early stage of rifting of the paleocontinental margin; the Baiyin copper-polymetallic deposit was formed during the splitting stage of a continental-margin arc. The continental-margin arc spitting resulted in an "island arc rift" in the early stage of evolution. The Hanshan gold deposit was formed within the Altun sinistral strike-slip fault     

高寒草地植被覆盖变化对土壤水分循环影响研究

土地覆盖变化对流域水平衡的影响是流域水学和生态水学研究的关键问题之一。以黄河源区两个典型小流域为研究对象，通过对流域不同植被类型与植被覆盖土壤的水分含量、入渗过程、蒸散发特征的测定，研究了高寒草地植被覆盖变化对土壤水分循环的影响．结果表明：广泛分布于青藏高原河源区的高寒草甸草地，植被覆盖度与土壤水分之间具有显的相关关系，尤其是20cm深度范围内土壤水分随植被盖度呈二次抛物线性趋势增加；在保持其原有的植物建群和较高覆盖度时，土壤上层具有较高持水能力，降水通过表层向深层土壤的渗透速度缓慢，且具有较均匀的土壤水分空间分布，水源涵养功能明显；高寒草甸草地退化后的高山草甸土壤趋于干燥，持水能力减弱，即使进行人工改良以后，土壤水分含量与持水能力也不会有明显改善．保护河源区原有高寒草甸草地对于河源区水过程意义重大。     

超大型Ni—Cu（Pt）岩浆矿床的划分与找矿

提出超大型Ni－Cu(Pt)岩浆硫化物矿床的划分标准为:Ni储量≥50万t,Ni品位≥1%,若Ni品位＜l%其中共生元素 Cu或 Pt族达到经济品位者;超巨型矿床的划分标准为:Ni储量≥500万t,Ni品位≥1%,若Ni品位＜l%其中共生元素Cu或Pt族达到经济品位者。按照这种标准全世界有超大型矿床9个、超巨型矿床3个。确定并论述了超大(巨)型 Ni－Cu(Pt)岩浆硫化物矿床的五种类型和它们的地质定位条件和特征。这五种类型为(1)元古宙与古陨石坑有关的苏长岩——辉长岩型矿床,如萨德伯里(Sudbury);(2)元古宙与大陆边缘裂解有关的小侵入体矿床,如金川、沃依塞湾(Voisey Bay);(3)显生宙与大陆裂谷有关的相当于溢流玄武岩的侵入体矿床,如诺里尔斯克(Noril’sk)、十月(Oktyabri’skiy)、塔尔纳赫(Talnakh)、太梅尔(Tamyr)等;(4)太古宙绿岩带与科马提岩有关的矿床,如西澳阿格纽(Agnew)、康巴尔达(Kconbal－da)、基斯山(Mt．Keith),加拿大汤普逊(Thompson)带的矿床;(5)早元古代大陆层状侵入杂岩体中硫化物与铂族元素,如布什维尔德(Bushveld)等。预测中国最有找矿前景的是(2)类型矿床,(3)(4)两种类型在我国亦具有形成超大型矿床的地质条件。     

天然气输送管线中水合物形成的边界条件

运用水合物形成的热力学相平衡模拟计算方法及根据输气管线中的天然气组成，确定了青海和甘肃输气管线中水合物形成的边界条件，提出预防水合物堵塞的热力学方法。在青海和甘肃输气管线工作压力约为2．5～4．11MPa的范围内，水合物形成最低温度约为1～5℃。在-7～5℃时，在体系中加入甲醇或增加盐度可有效地控制管线中水合物的形成。在低于-7℃的条件下，盐度和甲醇的联合应用，才能有效抑制输气管线中水合物的形成。在温度低于0℃和压力为2．5～4．11MPa的水合物热力学稳定范围内，降低输气管线中的水含量可有效地控制水合物形成而产生的堵塞。     

Geochemical Characteristics and Origin of Natural Gases in the Qaidam Basin, China

Sixty-five natural gas samples were collected from 19 oil-gasfields in the Qaidam basin, China. The chemical composition and carbon isotope values of the samples were measured, and the geochemical characteristics and origin of the natural gases were studied. The gases can be divided into biogenic gases, sapropelic oil-type gases, mixed type oil-type gases, coal-type gases and mixed gas. The δ13Ci values of the biogenic gases are very small and the C2+ contents of them are very low, ranging from -68.2‰ to -61.8‰ and 0.06% to 0.20% respectively. They have heavy δD and δ13Cco2> showing a CC>2 reduction pathway. They are distributed in the East depression region and derived from the Quaternary source rocks. The sapropelic oil-type gases have small δ13C2 values and high C2+ ranging from -36.6‰ to -28.6‰ and from 33.01% to 47.15% respectively. The mixed type oil-type gases have <5I3C2 values and C2+ contents varying from -28.6‰ to -24.8‰ and from 4.81% to 26.06% respectively. Both sapropelic oil-typ     

成组地震的应力场变化与前兆关系

综述了成组地震以及地震静应力触发方面的研究现状，并在此基础上讨论了：如何应用震后静应力变化研究成组地震前兆；如何区分地震组的前兆和组中单个地震的前兆。     

西天山古生代铜金多金属矿床类型、特征及其成矿地球动力学演化

根据铜金矿床的含矿主岩和成矿作用方式 ,西天山的铜矿床主要可划分为 3种类型 :斑岩型、夕卡岩型和火山热液型 ;金矿床可划分为 2种类型 :浅成低温热液型和斑岩型。研究区从北到南可划分为 3条东西向的成矿带 :1阿拉套—科古琴铜多金属成矿带 ,分布着与中元古界灰岩和海西中期中酸性浅成侵入岩有关的斑岩 -夕卡岩铜矿、与海西中期酸性浅成侵入岩有关的斑岩型铜矿 ;2博罗科洛金多金属成矿带 ,分布着与下石炭统中酸性火山碎屑岩和中—基性熔岩有关的浅成低温热液型金矿、与海西中期中酸性浅成侵入岩有关的斑岩型金矿 ;3阿吾拉勒铜银多金属成矿带 ,分布着与二叠纪陆相中基性火山岩有关的火山热液型铜矿、与海西晚期中酸性浅成侵入岩有关的斑岩型铜矿。通过对西天山古生代的地球动力学演化探讨 ,认为上述 3条成矿带对应的大地构造单元分别为阿拉套—科古琴晚古生代岛弧带、博罗科洛晚古生代弧后盆地和阿吾拉勒二叠纪裂谷带。     

Aeolian Facies Belts in the Taklimakan Desert

At least at the beginning of the last glacial epoch, the facies belts of dune sand, sandy loam and loess formed by winds had existed in the Taklimakan desert and areas south of it. There were no appreciable changes in the NE and NW wind systems and their wind fqrces that deposited dune sand, sandy loam and loess in the global cold stage since the last glacial epoch (accordingly no marked shifts of the boundaries of these aeolian facies belts took place. In the global warm stage since then, the climate in the Taklimakan desert and areas south of it became warm and dry, resulting in ablation of substantial volumes of ice and snow in their surrounding mountains and thus forming alluvial and diluvial deposits in the region. The alluvial-diluvial actions, however, failed to change the general framework of aeolian facies belts.     

中国几个盆地原油轻烃单体和正构烷烃系列分子碳同位素研究

本文采用最新的GC/C/MS在线碳同位素分析技术,分析研究了鄂尔多斯、四川、塔里木等盆地原油及凝析油轻烃单体和正构烷烃系列分子碳同位素特征及分布模式。探讨了不同结构烃分子及同结构不同碳数烃分子之间碳同位素分配的某些规律。研究了一些典型成因原油轻烃单体和正构烷烃系列分子碳同位素特征及分布模式,为该项新技术在油气研究与勘探中的应用奠定了基础。同时在一些原油的成因上取得了新认识。     

Qinling-Type Lead-Zinc Deposits

Qinling-type Pb-Zn deposits are located in the Qinling fold belt, occurring in the fine-clastic and carbonate rocks of the Devonian marine facies. They are reformed sedimentary deposits originating from hydrothermal waters, and may be subdivided into 2 subtypes: hydrothermal sedimentary deposits (Changba subtype) and reformed hydrothermal sedimentary deposits (Bijiashan-Qiandongshan subtype). In comparison with some of the famous Palaeozoic Pb-Zn deposits in the world, the Qinling-type Pb-Zn deposits constitute an independent type, which possesses some characteristics of both hydrothermal sedimentary deposits (Meggen type) and reformed hydrothermal deposits (Mississippi Valley type).