沉积盆地地下水动力场特征研究①——以松辽盆地为例

盆地地下水动力场的形成演化与油气运移、聚集关系密切。由多个水动力体系组成的松辽盆地地下水动力场的形成与演化在平面上具有明显的不对称性，总体上盆地北部为大气水下渗向心流区；中央坳陷区为离心流区和越流泄水区；盆地南部以地下水的越流—蒸发泄水浓缩为主要特征，盆地边缘和隆起剥蚀区的局部地区为大气水下渗区。且形成在地层压力、流动方向、流体势、垂直压力梯度等方面各具特征的局部水动力单元。同时，地下水动力场的形成与演化具有阶段性，其水动力强度在纵向上具有分带性，由浅到深，可以划分出强、弱、停滞3个带。     

中国海相地层水文地质地球化学与油气保存条件研究

我国海相地层的油气藏被构造运动改造的强度较大,油气保存条件较差.地下水动力场的分布特征在油气藏的形成与演化过程中起着重要的作用.本文通过对比研究四川盆地、塔里木盆地、鄂尔多斯盆地已知海相油田与南方海相地层的水文地质地球化学特征,揭示了水文地质地球化学性质与油气保存条件的密切关系.沉积埋藏阶段是油气生成运移、聚集的主要时期;抬升剥蚀时期水文地质的最大特点是地层压实排水作用停止,沉积埋藏水被大气水驱替、淡化.不整合面附近的封存大气水可能是油气藏被破坏和保存条件差的标志,也可能是有机质尚未进入二次生烃的重要指标.通常水文地质开启程度随着深度的增加而减弱.交替停滞带是不受地表水影响的水文地质带,有利于油气保存;自由交替带受地表水强烈影响,不利于油气保存.并且初步总结了一套比较系统的油气保存条件的水文地质地球化学综合判别指标体系.     

塔河油田奥陶系油藏开发动态与地层水化学特征响应

塔河油田是塔里木盆地第一个超亿吨级的大型油田,其主力油藏为奥陶系缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏.近年来,油田地层水的问题日益突出,严重影响了油田的开发和生产.阿克库勒凸起北部地质历史时期曾经发育间断性的大气水下渗-向心流,凸起南部斜坡区受到泥岩压实排水和粘土矿物脱水形成的离心流的影响,地层水受到一定程度的淡化.塔河油田主体部位处于越流泄水区,地层水具有明显的高矿化度和高K Na 、Cl-浓度,有利于油气聚集成藏.塔河油田奥陶系地层水动力场形成演化与油气运移、聚集密切相关.海西晚期、喜马拉雅期离心流强度大,是油气藏主要成藏期.早、晚海西运动、印支运动期间抬升剥蚀,遭受强烈的大气水下渗淋滤、生物降解,是油气藏主要破坏期.根据地层水赋存状态,区分出洞穴底部油气驱替残留水、洞穴周缘小缝洞系统驱替残留水、储层下部层间水3种不同类型.研究油井产出水矿化度、Cl-、K Na 浓度动态变化规律,总结出平稳型、起伏型、上升型和下降型4种动态类型.通过综合分析油井开发动态及油水产出特征,正确把握其变化过程,可以判断油井产水来源,从而为油田的稳油控水提供指导性建议.     

梨树断陷营城组砂岩方解石胶结物碳、氧同位素特征

梨树断陷深层砂岩中广泛分布着方解石胶结物,方解石胶结作用对梨树断陷深部储层的致密化有着重要影响。以苏家屯-皮家地区砂岩储层中方解石胶结物为研究对象,结合岩相学特征,包裹体测试和碳、氧同位素分析,查明了方解石胶结物碳、氧同位素及其成因。研究表明,储层砂岩类型为岩屑质长石砂岩、长石质岩屑砂岩、长石砂岩。方解石胶结物碳同位素δ13 CPDB为-16‰~-0.4‰,平均值为-6.67‰。氧同位素δ18 OPDB为-23.2‰~-13.2‰,平均值为-20.1‰。通过对碳、氧同位素数据计算分析,得到碳酸盐的相对古盐度值(Z)介于83.48~117.61之间,表明其形成时的古流体具有淡水的特征。方解石的形成温度为94.06~179.43℃。方解石胶结物碳氧同位素特征分析结果表明,其形成与有机酸脱羧作用有关,可能来源于有机碳。     

古代深海硅质岩-粘土岩-碳酸盐岩系列(SAC)的岩石学分类

古代深海硅质岩-粘土岩-碳酸盐岩系列(SAC)是沉积在远洋或深海的硅质岩、粘土岩和碳酸盐岩及其过渡岩石类型的统称.在借鉴现有相关分类的基础上,提出了基于三端元矿物组成的SAC岩石系列的三角图分类新方案.以碳酸盐矿物-粘土矿物-石英作为三端元组分,按照"纯"(>90%)、"主"(50%～90%)、"质"(50%～25%)、"含"(<25%)的定量分类标准,并利用等边三角形中线,将SAC岩石系列划分为4大类21类.利用新的分类方案,将下扬子地区寒武统SAC岩石系列划分出硅质岩大类、碳酸盐岩大类和混合泥岩大类,描述了它们的岩石学特征.该SAC岩石系列体现了自下而上由硅质岩端元向碳酸盐岩端元混合沉积演化的趋势.对国内外典型SAC岩石系列重新分类的结果表明,新的分类方案能够清晰反映端元矿物之间混合沉积演化的趋势.SAC岩石系列的分类和命名是定量描述古代深海或远洋沉积作用的基础,也是探索其沉积环境演变的重要依据.     

Distribution and Origin of Underground Water Chemical Fields in Songliao Continental Oil—Bearing Sedimentary Basin

There are many factors affecting ungerground water chemistry of an oil-bearing sedimentary basin.The properties of underground water show variations in the vertical direction, giving rise to a vertical zonation with respect to underground water chemistry,Five zones could be divided downwards,including 1)The freshening zone due to meteoric water leaching (A):2)the evaporation-concentration zone near the surface(B);3) the freshening zone due to stratum compaction-released water(C1)-infiltration-concentration zone during the mudstone compaction and water releasing(C2);4) the freshening zone for clay mineral dehydration(D);and 5)the seepage-concentration zone(E).The hydrodynamic fields in the Songliao Basin are obviously asymmetrical,with the characteristics of gravity-induced centripetal flow recharged by meteoric water along the edge to the inner part of the basin mainly in its northern and eastern regions,centrifugal flow and crossformational flow in the center of the basin,as well as the cross-formation flow-evaporation discharge area in its southern area.Hydrodynamics controls the planar distribution of underground-water chemical fields;1)the freshening area due to penetrating meteoric water generally at the basin edges;2)the freshening area for mudstone compaction-released water at the center of the basin;3) the cross-formational area as the transitional aqrea;and 4)the concentration area by cross-formational flow and evaporation.The mineralization degree and the concentrations of Na^ and Cl^- and their salinity coefficeents tend to increase,while the concentrations of(CO3^2- HCO3^-) and SO4^2- and the metamorphism and desulfuration coefficients tend to decrease along the centrifugal flow direction caused by mudstone compaction in the depression area.But all of them tend to increase along the gravity-induced centripetal flow direction.     

中国南方海相地层油气保存条件综合评价技术体系探讨

中国南方海相地层的油气藏分别在加里东、印支和燕山期经历了多期多阶段的演变过程,被构造活动改造的强度大。油气保存条件破坏严重,且缺乏有效的评价方法。本文试图通过研究地下流体的化学-动力学行为规律,从动态和演化的角度分析剥蚀作用、断裂-破碎作用、大气水下渗作用等对油气藏破坏的程度、方式,综合评价油气的成藏、保存条件,探索针对南方海相地层油气保存条件评价的技术体系。     

扶杨油层孔隙不成因与砂岩成岩相研究

相似的岩石组分决定了相似的成岩特征。但是，控制成岩自生矿物种类，顺序，相对含量和孔隙定化还有：（１）孔隙不地球化学性质；（２）埋深和地温梯度；和（３）沉积环境等，这些因素在区域上的判别成了区域上的成岩作用差异。其中具有不同孔隙水成因的局部水动力单元决定了区域上的成岩相类型和成岩相区的划分。     

Evolution of Hydrodynamic Field, Oil-Gas Migration and Accumulation in Songliao Basin, China

The oil-gas migration and accumulation in the Songliao Basin were analyzed in the view of fluid dynamics by the authors. The key point of fluid dynamics is hydrodynamics. Oil-gas migration and accumulation are related closely with formation and evolution of hydrodynamic field. Based on abundant data, initial formation pressure and other parameters, such as water head were studied. They can be used to understand the present distribution of hydrodynamic field and its hydrochemical features. Generally, the hydrodynamic field in the basin is obviously asymmetrical. In its north and east part, there are the areas of centripetal flow caused by topographic relief when meteoric water permeate downwards. Its south part is an evaporation-concentration area. The central depression is an area of centrifugal flow driven by sediment compaction and its cross-formational flow area. Only at the basin margin and in the local uplifted and denudated area are the meteoric water permeating downwards areas. The centrifugal flow driven by sediment compaction is the main dynamic factor that induces oil-gas migration and accumulation and its formation period corresponding to the main stage of oil-gas migration and accumulation. Moreover, the evolution of hydrodynamic field has the cyclic property, which results in phased oil-gas migration by stages, and further dominates the terraced annular oil and gas distribution, concentric with their corresponding sags.     

论松辽盆地地下水动力场的形成与演化

理想的沉积盆地地下水动力场模式可以归纳为对称型和不对称型两种，其中局部地下水动力单元可以划分为4种类型：①泥岩压榨水离心流；②大气水下渗向心流；③越流、越流－蒸发泄水；④滞留。地下水动力场演化具有旋回性，每个旋回可以分为两个阶段：①盆地沉降接受沉积时期的泥岩压榨水离心流阶段；②盆地抬升剥蚀阶段的大气水下渗向心流阶段。随着沉积盆地的形成与演化，水动力场也有形成、发展和消亡的过程。松辽盆地地下水动力场具有明显的不对称性：盆地北部和东部大气水不对称下渗形成向心流；中央坳陷区压榨水形成离心流和越流；盆地南部以越流－蒸发浓缩为特征。在纵向上地下水动力的强度具有分带性，由浅到深，可以划分出强、弱、停滞3个带。