哀牢山造山型金成矿系统:复合造山构造演化与成矿作用初探

哀牢山金矿带是我国最重要的喜马拉雅期造山型金矿带,形成于三江特提斯复合造山过程中。论文基于对哀牢山复合造山带区域构造背景、控矿构造系统演化、金成矿期次及其时代的系统研究,从金成矿年代序列、成矿过程构造控制及成矿作用动力学环境三个方面,探讨了复合造山过程中的金矿成矿作用。研究结果表明,哀牢山金矿带发育三期金矿成矿-热事件:早期金成矿作用(61.55～63.09Ma)对应于逆冲推覆构造系统最为发育的时期,与剪切走滑断裂构造的形成同步,显示它们统一受控于印度-亚洲大陆碰撞早期的强烈汇聚挤压构造动力学体制;主期金成矿作用(33.76～36.10Ma)对应于区域挤压构造应力场的相对松弛阶段以及富碱斑岩和剪切走滑断裂构造系统最为发育的时期,受控于印度-亚洲大陆碰撞构造动力学转换体制,并可能受青藏高原物质东向逃逸和软流圈脉动隆起的联合制约,金矿大规模成矿作用与构造动力体制转换过程中的壳幔物质强烈交换与构造变形密切相关;晚期金成矿作用(26.40～30.80Ma)对应于岩石圈伸展作用的发生以及亏损地幔减压熔融产生的板内高钾岩浆岩的就位,受控于印度板块反向旋转拖曳与斜向俯冲回退的综合作用。     

腾冲地热区高温热泉水中稀土元素特征

腾冲地热区位于印度-欧亚板块碰撞带东北缘,构造和岩浆活动频繁,地热作用明显,热泉广泛分布,是现代热泉研究的天然实验室。热泉水中的稀土元素特征是指示浅层水岩反应的重要指标。由于热泉水中稀土元素含量较低且变化范围大,腾冲地区热泉水稀土元素组成的报道比较罕见。本文尝试研究了腾冲高温热泉水中稀土元素组成特征,并与美国内华达州贝奥沃韦地热田和加利福尼亚希伯地热田热泉水的稀土元素特征进行了对比。本文选取腾冲地区的高温热泉,应用ICP-MS,测试了热泉水中稀土元素。分析结果表明热泉水中稀土元素含量相对较低且变化范围较大,其变化范围为球粒陨石的10-5～10-2倍。稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式整体为轻微右倾型或平坦型,显示轻重稀土分异不明显;δEu既有正异常也有负异常;各热泉点热泉水稀土配分模式之间存在差异。虽然腾冲地热区热泉水的REE含量比美国贝奥沃韦地热田和希伯地热田热泉水的高10倍,两者之间的稀土元素分布特征具有一致性。热泉水中的δEu负异常为深循环的大气降水与具有负铕异常火山岩水岩反应的结果,正铕异常可能是由快速上返的大气降水与蒸发岩中的石膏反应导致。     

长江武汉段河道近期沉积特征及演化趋势

长江武汉段位于长江中游 ,贯穿整个武汉市 ,其近年来的河道变化及来水、来沙情况不仅反映了长江自身的演化规律 ,而且对判断一些大型人为工程兴建以来的河流响应及环境变迁有重要意义。1　天兴洲变迁分析天兴洲是长江武汉段的一个江心洲。它的堆积成因使其对长江武汉段的来水、来沙变化特别敏感 ,因而天兴洲在形态和位置上的变化能较好的反映该段河道沉积特征。在纵向上 ,1970年与 195 9年相比 ,洲头、洲尾各淤长约 1.5ｍ ;1980年与 1970年相比 ,洲头明显上提约 2ｋｍ ,洲尾变动较小 ,同时洲身又略有加宽 ;1993年与 1980年相比 ,天兴洲整体…     

南岭地区两种类型盆地的压实流体系统及其矿化作用

盆地构造演化—流体系统—矿化作用是矿床学研究的前缘课题。盆地演化的特征直接影响盆地沉积建造的结构特征。建造结构和地球化学特征对压实流体系统的温度场、动力场、地球化学场和矿化作用产生决定性的影响。滇东南白牛厂早古生代盆地是典型的裂谷式凹陷盆地,上万米厚的黑色页岩与上部碳酸盐岩和砂岩组合有利于矿化的压实流体系统的形成,形成了白牛厂式超大型银多金属矿床。粤北晚古生代盆地为地台型浅海盆地,沉积物主要由透水性较好的粗碎屑物质和碳酸盐岩组成,沉积建造厚度较薄。数字模拟结果表明,粤北盆地压实流体系统难以形成较高的地热储和流体势,流体只能在沉积层的特殊部位汇聚并形成红岩型低温黄铁矿矿床。     

胶东花岗-绿岩带金矿构造成矿动力学模型

微量元素与同位素地球化学反映胶东花岗-绿岩带金矿成矿物质具有多来源,尤其是地幔来源特征。地震波场、磁场与重力场揭示壳-幔结构与耦合机制是成矿系统物质、能量交换、聚集的根本动力学原因。在此基础上,结合构造环境演化史,将其构造成矿动力学模式表述为:太古宙—元古宙绿岩带产生、形成——金的矿源系统雏形;古生代构造环境稳定——金成矿作用间歇;中生代绿岩带强烈活化-改造——构造成岩成矿;新生代构造继承性活动——后期构造破矿作用。其中印支中晚期郯庐断裂带深切上地幔,通过壳-幔相互作用,将含矿流体系统输运到更高层位,蚀变、矿化作用发生。     

Crust-Mantle Structures and Gold Enrichment Mechanism of Mantle Fluid System

Gold enrichment mechanism of ore-forming fluid is the essence of gold metallization.This paper summarizes the distinguishing symbols of mantle fluid and effect of crust-mantle structure on fluid movement. Fluid moving processes include osmosis, surge, gas-liquid alterna-tion and mutation of fluid speed. During fluid movement, gold will be enriched gradually. Final-ly, a layered circulatory system is illustrated in this paper.     

胶东大磨曲家金矿床成矿流体成分及稳定同位素研究

通过对大磨曲家金矿床不同类型矿石、蚀变岩中石英单矿物流体包裹体群体气液相成分,探讨金成矿流体由高温到低温流体成分演化与金成矿过程,结果证实:流体包裹体气相成分以H2O为主,其次为CO2,其余为CH4,C2H6,H2S,少量样品检测到少量N2和Ar2.流体包裹体液相成分中,阳离子主要为Na 和K ,Ca2 次之,少数样品检测到Mg抖;阴离子主要为Clˉ和SO42-,Fˉ含量也较高.高温阶段CO2含量缓慢降低,CH4 C2H6总量变化较大;低温阶段CO2含量快速降低,H2S含量缓慢降低,CH4 C2H6总量呈现增加趋势.由高温阶段到低温阶段K 含量降低,Na 含量增加,Ca2 变化不明显;阴离子组成SO42-含量急剧降低,Fˉ含量缓慢增加,Cl-含量快速增加.成矿流体稳定同位素组成δD水(SMOW)为-106.48‰～-95.52‰,δ18O石()(SM()w)为10.64‰～12.68‰,换算与之平衡δ18O水(SMOw)为1.88‰～5.78‰,δ13Cco2(PDB)为-6.264‰～-4.271‰.稳定同位素组成说明大磨曲家金矿床成矿流体可能为深部来源,可能与地幔排气和矿区内煌斑岩岩浆活动有关.     

Random Difference of the Trace Element Distribution in Skarn and Marbles from Shizishan Orefield,Anhui Province,China

Spatial distribution patterns of element concentrations can reflect the information of the mineralization processes. Both the Hurst exponent calculated by R/S analysis and the generalized fractal dimension calculated by using the multifractal model are important parameters for describing the spatial distribution of elements. Five long drill holes, named as M1, S1, S2,S3, and S4, have been selected in the Shizishan (狮子山) skarn orefield in Tongling (铜陵), Anhui (安徽) Province, China. Marbles are well developed around MI and skarn rocks are largely distributed along S1, S2, S3, and S4 drill holes. The drill holes were sampled evenly with an interval of 10 m and 16 trace elements have been measured. The mean of the △D(q) (the height of the generalized dimension spectrum) in the MI drill hole is the lowest. In addition, the mean of the Hurst exponents of the 16 elements in the MI drill hole is also much smaller than that of S1, S2, S3, S4 drill holes, which is in accordance with the analysis of the generalized dimension. It is indicated by the generalized dimension and Hurst exponent that the distribution of trace elements in the marbles is more random than that in the skarn. The result suggests that the mineralization process can change the randomness and persistence features of the element distribution.     

山东招平断裂带大磨曲家金矿床流体包裹体初步研究

The Damoqujia gold deposit,discovered recently and located in the north of Zhaoping fault zone,is a large altered rock type deposit.In this paper,we report the preliminary research results of the fluid inclusions and discuss its metallogenic implications. The homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions fall into four ranges:310～350℃,230～270℃,160～200℃and 110～150℃; corresponding to the four stages of hydrothermal ore-forming processes:coarse grain pyrite-milk white quartz stage(Ⅰ),smoky gray Au-bearing quartz-fine grain pyrite stage(Ⅱ),Au-bearing polymetallic sulfide-quartz stage(Ⅲ),and quartz-carbonate stage(Ⅳ). Ore-forming fluid is with low salinity and low density,ranging from 1.4 Wt_(NaCl)% to 13.6 Wt_(NaCl)% and from 0.48g/cm~3 to 1.03g/cm~3 respectively.The inclusions are dominated by H_2O and CO_2 in gaseous compositions,and Na~ and K~ in positive ions,SO_4~(2-)and Cl~- in negative ions of liquid compositions.Au-S complex is the major form for transportation of gold.The pressure varied from 260MPa to 340MPa during the formation of CO_2-bearing inclusions at the early mineralization;the fluids are rich in SO_4~(2-)and Na~ .The pressure is 26-49×10~5 Pa during the formation of the aqueous salt inclusions in late mineralization,the inclusions are rich in CI~-(F~-), Na~ .δ~(18)O_(qurrtz)is 10.64～12.68%o,and the correspondingδ~(18)O_(H_2)O andδD is-5.44～6.47‰and-95.52～-106.48‰respectively.Based on the studies about compositions and hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of inclusions,it is evidenced that ore-forming fluid is magmatic hydrothermal fluid in early period,but affected by meteoric water in late.     

山东大磨曲家矿区成矿元素多重分形特征

通过矩方法,以无序数据集中不同品位级次内的频率为测度,研究了胶东大磨曲家金矿矿体及玲珑花岗岩、胶东群等近矿围岩的Au、Ag、As等主要成矿元素分布的广义谱曲线(D_q-q)和多重谱曲线(f(α)-α)特征。在权重-0.2≤q≤1. 6时,结果显示矿体与近矿围岩中成矿元素品位分布的广义谱和多重谱特征存在明显的区别。矿体中三种成矿元素的广义谱曲线近似直线,而多重谱曲线的宽度较小,显示成矿元素品位级次密集,较为均匀,接近简单分形;近矿围岩中广义谱曲线弯曲明显,多重谱曲线的宽度较大,显示近矿围岩中元素品位级次范围较宽,相对不均匀。同时,矿体中多重谱曲线f(α)的极值所对应的α比近矿围岩中的小,代表最或然子集的品位增加,指示成矿元素在矿体中富集。多重分形分析显示矿体中的成矿元素较近矿围岩中变得更为富集而均匀。