Calculating Pollution Indices by Heavy Metals in Ecological Geochemistry Assessment and a Case Study in Parks of Beijing

Pollution index is a powerful tool for ecological geochemistry assessment. The commonly used pollution indices by heavy metals in soils and sediments were classified as two types of single index and integrated index in an algorithm point of view. Four single indices of contamination factor (or concentration factor), ecological risk factor, enrichment factor, and index of geo-accumulation were illustrated, and the reference values for calculating single indices were distinguished into background levels and threshold pollution values. Eight integrated indices were divided into two groups. One group is suitable for the normal distribution single indices including the sum, average, weighted average,vector modulus, and Nemerow pollution indices, and the other for log-normal distribution including the product, root of product, and weighted power product pollution indices. Using background levels as reference values, five contamination classes were divided, and the terminologies are suggested for the single and integrated indices to unify the assessment results. Software of EGAPI was developed in a single document interface to calculate the four single and eight integrated indices by heavy metals to assess the quality of soil and sediment ecological geochemistry. Pollution indices by heavy metals of Cu,Pb, and Zn in soils in parks of Beijing were calculated using EGAPI software, and these five contamination classes and terminologies suggested in this study were evaluated and used. Results ofintegrated indices of Cu, Pb, and Zn in soils indicated that the soil qualities are unpolluted as a whole and varied from low polluted to unpolluted status from the center to the outskirts of Beijing City.     

胶东半岛大磨曲家金矿床成矿流体物理化学条件演化

胶东大磨曲家金矿床流体包裹体包括水溶液包裹体、富CO2包裹体和高盐卤水包裹体3种类型,前两者发育较多,高盐卤水包裹体发育极少。流体包裹体显微测温及盐度、密度、压力估算显示,水溶液包裹体均一温度为98~376℃,据冰点温度估算,盐度为0.53%~8.28%,水溶液包裹体均一压力低于50×105Pa;富CO2包裹体完全均一温度为255~348℃,盐度为2.42%~11.43%,均一压力为1 000×105~2 500×105Pa;富CO2包裹体中CO2均一温度为23.0~32.4℃,指示该类包裹体可能含有数量不等的CH4或H2S。静水压力体制下,根据纯CO2包裹体均一压力估算成矿深度约为1 km。在270℃左右,均一压力从富CO2包裹体到水溶液包裹体急剧降低,指示成矿流体在270℃左右可能发生过一次减压沸腾过程,成矿流体盐度和密度在270℃左右也有显著的变化。因此,沸腾作用及其引起的成矿流体物理化学条件的急剧变化可能是导致大磨曲家金矿床成矿物质沉淀的重要机制。     

胶东矿集区金成矿系统组成与演化概论

由于中生代以来构造动力体制多次转换及火山-侵入岩活动形成了胶东矿集区金成矿系统。成矿类型主要以石英脉型、复合脉带型、浸染细脉带型等类型为主，多种类型金矿多为同源成矿溶液在不同构造背景和物化条件下的沉淀产物，从而发育类似的构造-蚀变-矿化分带结构。胶东矿集区存在3期成矿作用，金成矿作用主期明显集中于燕山中期（130~120 Ma），（含金）银矿化为燕山晚期（<97 Ma），含金（银）铅锌矿化介于两者之间、更接近于燕山晚期（100 Ma前后），区域地质事件的定年与因果分析显示这三期成矿过程的物质来源、成矿作用均受壳-幔相互作用等大尺度构造体制转折事件控制。     

鄂尔多斯盆地石炭纪中央古隆起形成机制

将鄂尔多斯盆地简化为受南北挤压的等厚各向同性弹性薄板模型进行应力—应变场数值模拟,力图揭示鄂尔多斯地区石炭纪出现的细腰状中央古隆起的形成机制。模拟中Z轴方向应变(εz)正值区对应于盆地内部的隆起区,zε正等值线形态对应于隆起形态;单轴挤压条件下,εz正等值线总会呈现沿应力轴方向延伸的细腰状形态;点作用力产生的zε正等值线范围局限,而线作用力产生的εz正值区分布较广。模拟结果表明鄂尔多斯盆地石炭纪细腰状隆起是在南北边界受挤压条件下,应力—应变在盆地内部传递过程中所必然出现的结果,南北向点作用力比南北向线作用力产生的zε等值线形态更接近于鄂尔多斯盆地中央古隆起形态;点作用力可能代表了石炭纪微板块间的点碰撞或者弧—陆碰撞。     

Origin of Gold—Bearing Fluid and Its Initiative Localization Mechanism in Xiadian Gold Deposit,Shandong Province

The composition of quartz inclusions and trace elements in ore indicate that gold-bearing fluid in the Xiadian gold deposit,Shandong Province,stemmed from both mantle and magma,belonging to a composite origin.Based on theoretical analysis and high temperature and high pressure experimental studies,gold-bearing fluid initiative localization mechanism and the forming environment of ore-host rocks are discussed in the present paper.The composite fluid extracted gold from rocks because of its expanding and injecting forces and injecting forces and flew through ore-conducive structures,leading to the breakup of rocks.The generation of ore-host faults and the precipitation of gold-bearing fluid occurred almost simultaneously.This study provides fur-ther information about the relationships between gold ore veins and basic-ultrabasic vein rocks and intermediate vein rocks,the spatial distribution of gold ore veins and the rules governing the migration of ore fluids.     

电子探针化学测年方法

介绍含Th U Pb矿物电子探针化学测年方法的基本原理 ,并利用应用实例说明该方法在研究岩石形成年龄、构造热事件年代等方面的重要作用 ,最后简要评价该方法的优、缺点 ,并指出它的应用前景 ,认为电子探针化学测年方法将有可能在深源岩石包体年龄研究、含放射性元素矿床形成年代研究等方面大有作为 ,并使地质年代学研究更加精细化 ,有助于深入探讨复杂地质事件及其演化历程。     

幔源流体判别标志及多层循环成矿作用动力学——以山东夏甸金矿床为例

山东夏甸金矿床成因一直有变质热液、岩浆热液和天水之争。经研究表明:尚有幔源流体加入成矿,其主要判别标志有:(ⅰ)深大断裂标志;(ⅱ)基性脉岩与矿脉交切和相伴标志;(ⅲ)稳定同位素地球化学标志;(ⅳ)流体包裹体地球化学标志;(ⅴ)幔源流体多层循环沟通标志。针对幔源流体总体循环系统特征与岩浆热液和天水的有机联系,将含矿流体划分3个子循环系统:(ⅰ)地幔富C,H,O,CO_2流体循环子系统;(ⅱ)中-下部地壳富硅流体循环子系统;(ⅲ)浅-表部富硫流体循环子系统。各自成矿功能主要受制于构造动力背景。     

铜陵矿集区印支-燕山期盖层形变场三维结构的实验重塑

在野外观测和流变学分析的基础上, 通过相似物理实验重塑了铜陵矿集区印支-燕山期的构造格架; 并采用“切片”与“剥层”的方法, 分解透析了矿集区盖层的这一三维变形结构. 其中, 垂直于褶皱枢纽的系列切面观察, 显示了实验模型与钻孔的剖面结构相似性; 逐层剥离分析表明, 模型各层的变形特征也与野外景观定性吻合. 通过对模型与野外现象之间平面景观和垂向结构的对比分析, 还发现此套构造格架有如下主要特征, 即: (1)三套北东向“S”型褶皱群组成了区域构造平面格局的基本框架; (2)在整体一致的统一应力场中, 不同部位、不同方位和不同层位中普遍可见不协调褶皱的分布; (3)与褶皱幅度向深部逐步衰减对应, 断裂系统的发育是由下而上逐步扩张, 且以低角度顺层滑脱断层为主体; (4)志留系层内流褶皱和劈理化高度发育的现象, 反映印支-燕山期构造层的变形效应在此层趋于中止. 这有可能暗示着志留系是该期脆-韧性变形转化的分界层次, 其下伏岩系当属另一套不同性质变形产物的事实.