基于CI指数的淮河流域干旱时空特征研究

本文运用淮河流域170个气象台站1961—2010年共50年逐日气温、降水资料以及历史干旱灾情资料,研究CI指数在淮河流域的区域适应性,并以此为基础运用多种统计方法分析淮河流域近50年的干旱时空特征。结果表明：基于CI指数计算得到的历年干旱日数与受灾面积和成灾面积的相关性通过了0.01的显著性水平检验,表明CI指数在淮河流域具有较好的区域适应性。淮河流域年均干旱日数基本呈纬向空间分布,流域北部多于南部;流域东部和西部的干旱日数略有增多趋势,而中部和北部的干旱日数有减少趋势,但均未通过0.05的显著性水平检验;EOF前3个模态累积方差贡献达94.4%,前3个分布型依次为全流域干旱日数一致多或少型、南北相反型以及东西相反型;1961年以来干旱日数共经历了由少到多4个循环交替,目前正处于相对偏少期;M K突变检验表明近50年来淮河流域干旱日数没有明显的突变。     

客运索道防雷分类方法

根据索道所处的极易遭受雷击的独特环境、信息系统的电子器件对雷电干扰极其敏感以及索道接地效果恶劣且泄放电流不畅的实际情况,引进现行其他行业成熟防雷技术原则,提出定量计算方法进行索道防雷分类。如果能够利用监测的雷暴日数Td、结合实际环境特征分段选取合适的校正系数k,计算索道年预计雷击次数N值会更趋向真实可靠。     

甘肃民勤自动站与人工站气象观测数据差异分析

从自动站与人工站观测方式的区别人手,对民勤国家基准气候站观测的数据进行整理与对比分析得出：（1）2种观测方式数据序列中,本站气压2a平均差值为0．1hPa,差值变幅在～0．3～0．5hPa;气温2a平均差值-0．1℃,差值变幅在-0．1～0．0℃之间;相对湿度2a平均差值为-1％,差值变幅在一4％～2％之间;2min平均风速2a平均差值为0．5m／s,差值变幅在0．3～0．7m／s之间,10min平均风速2a平均差值为0．4m／s,差值变幅在0．4～0．5m／s之间;地面温度2a平均差值为0．6℃,差值变幅在0．0～1．2℃之间。本站气压、气温、相对湿度、风向风速、地温差值虽然不固定,但对历史资料的序列连续性影响不显著;（2）各要素中差值最大的是地面最高温度,2a平均差值为1．8oC,差值变幅在-1．7～4．3℃之间;（3）自动站的观测结果比人工观测更真实、准确、科学,更接近大气中的实际情况。     

基于TIGGE多模式集合的24小时气温BMA 概率预报

利用TIGGE(THORPEX Interactive Grand Global Ensemble)单中心集合预报系统(ECMWF、United Kingdom Meteorological Office、China Meteorological Administration和NCEP)以及由此所构成的多中心模式超级集合预报系统24小时地面日均气温预报,结合淮河流域地面观测率定贝叶斯模型平均(Bayesian model averaging,BMA)参数,从而建立地面日均气温BMA概率预报模型.由此针对淮河流域进行地面日均气温BMA概率预报及其检验与评估,结果表明BMA模型比原始集合预报效果好;单中心的BMA概率预报都有较好的预报效果,其中ECMWF最好.多中心模式超级集合比单中心BMA概率预报效果更好,采用可替换原则比普通的多中心模式超级集合BMA模型计算量小,且在上述BMA集合预报系统中效果最好.它与原始集合预报相比其平均绝对误差减少近7%,其连续等级概率评分提高近10%.基于采用可替换原则的多中心模式超级集合BMA概率预报,针对研究区域提出了极端高温预警方案,这对防范高温天气有着重要意义.     

夏季索马里越赤道气流垂直结构特征及其与南亚夏季风的关系

采用1950-2009年NCEP/NCAR月平均再分析风场资料,对夏季低空索马里越赤道气流的垂直结构及其与南亚夏季风的关系进行研究.结果表明:夏季索马里越赤道气流在垂直方向上从低层至高层先增强,在925 hPa高度上达到最大值后逐渐减弱.某些年份索马里越赤道气流核心可向上延伸至850 hPa高度,而某些年份则维持在925 hPa高度上.索马里越赤道气流垂直结构不同时,其对应的南亚夏季风也有所不同,这种差异主要体现在对流层低层风场的变化,以及南亚夏季风的强弱差异方面.总体来说,索马里急流核心高度延伸至850 hPa时,对应的南亚夏季风偏强;急流核心高度维持在925 hPa时,南亚夏季风偏弱.     

Latest update of the climatology and changes in the seasonal distribution of precipitation over China

Based on daily precipitation data from 524 meteorological stations in China during the period 1960–2009, the climatology and the temporal changes (trends, interannual, and decadal variations) in the proportion of seasonal precipitation to the total annual precipitation were analyzed on both national and regional scales. Results indicated that (1) for the whole country, the climatology in the seasonal distribution of precipitation showed that the proportion accounted for 55 % in summer (June–August), for around 20 % in both spring (March–May) and autumn (September–November), and around 5 % in winter (December–February). But the spatial features were region-dependent. The primary precipitation regime, “summer–autumn–spring–winter”, was located in central and eastern regions which were north of the Huaihe River, in eastern Tibet, and in western Southwest China. The secondary regime, “summer–spring–autumn–winter”, appeared in the regions south of the Huaihe River, except Jiangnan where spring precipitation dominated, and the southeastern Hainan Island where autumn precipitation prevailed. (2) For the temporal changes on the national scale, first, where the trends were concerned, the proportion of winter precipitation showed a significantly increasing trend, while that of the other three seasons did not show any significant trends. Second, for the interannual variation, the variability in summer was the largest among the four seasons and that in winter was the smallest. Then, on the decadal scale, China experienced a sharp decrease only in the proportion of summer precipitation in 2000. (3) For the temporal changes on the regional scale, all the concerned 11 geographic regions of China underwent increasing trends in the proportion of winter precipitation. For spring, it decreased over the regions south of the Yellow River but increased elsewhere. The trend in the proportion of summer precipitation was generally opposite to that of spring. For autumn, it decreased over the other ten regions except Inner Mongolia with no trend. It is noted that the interannual variability of precipitation seasonality is large over North China, Huanghuai, and Jianghuai; its decadal variability is large over the other regions, especially over those regions south of the Yangtze River.     

Isolation and biological characteristics of aerobic marine magnetotactic bacterium YSC-1

1 INTRODUCTION Magnetotactic bacteria are able to respond and orient along the direction of terrestrial or artificial magnetic field, a behavior referred to as magneto- taxis. In the majority of magnetotactic bacteria, the magnetosomes are 25–120 nm in d…     

Three new species of Batrachospermum Roth (Batrachosper-maceae,Rhodophyta) in China

1 INTRODUCTION The first published records of genus Batra-chospermum Roth in China are from Jao (1941), when eleven taxa were reported. Since then, Shi, Hu and Kumano (1993), Shi (1994a, 1994b), Hua and Shi (1996), Xie et al. (1999, 2003), Xie and Shi (2003) have described in more detail the species from China. To date, 23 taxa of Batrachospermum Roth in China have been reported, of which, B. yunnanense, B. nothocladoideum and B. transito-rium are new species of this genus, and are…