一种复杂海天背景下的红外舰船目标自动检测方法

提出了一种红外舰船目标检测算法。首先,利用设计好的频域组合高通滤波器对原始红外图像进行处理,以得到舰船目标可能存在的区域即目标潜在区;然后,对获得的目标潜在区进行尺度自适应的局部阈值分割,进而提取出较为完整的舰船目标或者虚假目标;最后通过检测吃水线特征来筛选出正确的舰船目标。实验结果表明,此算法能够有效地检测出复杂海天背景条件下的红外舰船目标,且具有一定的时效性。     

基于非差观测的网络实时动态定位方法及其在连续运行基准站跨网服务中的应用

基于非差观测的网络实时动态定位(RTK)方法通过提供每颗卫星的误差改正量,使网内用户获得与网络RTK方法等价的快速精密单点定位服务。当用户跨越连续运行基准站(CORS)网内由不同参考站组成的子网(参考子网)甚至跨越不同CORS网时,都能有效避免因所选取的主参考站变化而引起的模糊度重新初始化,从而保持观测时段内用户定位结果的连续可靠和跨CORS网服务时算法上的无缝衔接。通过对海上实测动态数据处理结果的分析,验证该方法的定位精度、初始化时间与现有网络RTK方法在量级上的一致性,以及跨不同参考子网和CORS网时实现无缝衔接的有效性。     

Stratospheric ozone depletion: a key driver of recent precipitation trends in South Eastern South America

On a hemispheric scale, it is now well established that stratospheric ozone depletion has been the principal driver of externally forced atmospheric circulation changes south of the Equator in the last decades of the 20th Century. The impact of ozone depletion has been felt over the entire hemisphere, as reflected in the poleward drift of the midlatitude jet, the southward expansion of the summertime Hadley cell and accompanying precipitation trends deep into the subtropics. On a regional scale, however, surface impacts directly attributable to ozone depletion have yet to be identified. In this paper we focus on South Eastern South America (SESA), a region that has exhibited one of the largest wetting trends during the 20th Century. We study the impact of ozone depletion on SESA precipitation using output from 6 different climate models, spanning a wide range of complexity. In all cases we contrast pairs of model integrations with and without ozone depletion, but with all other forcings identically specified. This allows for unambiguous attribution of the computed precipitation trends. All 6 climate models consistently reveal that stratospheric ozone depletion results in a significant wetting of SESA over the period 1960–1999. Taken as a whole, these model results strongly suggest that the impact of ozone depletion on SESA precipitation has been as large as, and quite possibly larger than, the one caused by increasing greenhouse gases over the same period.     

Implementation of New OPAL Tables in Eggleton's Stellar Evolution Code

Based on previous works of OPAL, we construct a series of opacity tables for various metallicities Z=0, 0.000 01, 0.000 03, 0.000 1, 0.000 3, 0.001, 0.004, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.08 and 0.1. These tables can be easily used in Eggleton's stellar evolution code in place of the old tables without changing the code. The OPAL tables are used for log10(T/K) > 3.95 and Alexander's for log10(T/K) < 3.95. At log10(T/K) = 3.95, the two groups' data fit well for all hydrogen mass fractions. Conductive opacities are included by reciprocal addition according to the formulae of Yakovlev and Urpin. A comparison of 1 and 5 M models constructed with the older OPAL tables of Iglesias and Rogers shows that the new opacities have most effect in the late stages of evolution, the extension of the blue loop during helium burning for intermediate-mass and massive stars.     

Optical Photometric Observations of 7-Ray Loud Blazars

We report results of our optical photometric observations of ten gamma-ray loud blazers, namely: 0219+428 (3C66A), PKS 0420-014 (OA 129), S5 0716+714, 0754+100 (OI 090.4), 0827+243 (OJ248), 1652+398 (Mrk 501), 2200+420 (BL Lacertae), 2230+114 (CTA 102), 2251+158 (3C 454.3) and 2344+514. The observations were carried out in September-October, 2000 using the 70 cm optical telescope at Abstumani Observatory, Georgia. We found intra-day variations in 0420-014, S5 0716+714, BL Lacertae and CTA 102. A variation of 0.3 magnitude over a time scale of about 3 hours was observed in the R passband in BL Lacertae on JD 2451827. We did not detect any variation in 3C 66A, Mrk 501, or 3C 454.3 during our observations. Nor did we detect any clear evidence of variation in 1ES 2344+514 during our two weeks' observing run of the TeV gamma-ray source.     

Shell architecture,element composition,and stable isotope signature of the giant deep-sea oyster Neopycnodonte zibrowii sp. n. from the NE Atlantic

A conspicuous new deep-sea oyster, Neopycnodonte zibrowii sp. n., is described from the Azores Archipelago, where it thrives in 420 to >500 m water depth in high densities concealed underneath overhangs. The new species reaches a relatively large size, which may exceed 20 cm, and is characterised by a very unusual hinge line morphology, straight without a bulge of the resilium. It is compared to the extant Indo-Pacific Empressostrea kostini Huber and Lorenz, 2007 and to the cosmopolitan Neopycnodonte cochlear (Poli, 1791), which has a broadly sympatric distribution at shallower depths in the Azores and Bay of Biscay. Radiocarbon dating reveals that individuals reach an impressive lifespan of one to more than five centuries, placing them among the longest-lived molluscs known to date. They often grow on top of each other, forming stacks that resemble dish piles—an effective measure to optimise shell stability with minimal biomineralisation effort, but with the drawback of increased bioerosion ultimately leading to detachment.Three microstructure types are developed in N. zibrowii: (1) the cross-foliated, calcitic, dorsal to central endostracum and aragonitic ligostracum, (2) the porous vesicular structure of the calcitic ventral endostracum, and (3) the simple prismatic aragonitic myostracum. Foliated and vesicular shell portions show sub-millimetre-scale first-order increments delineated by conchiolin-rich growth breaks (interpreted as reproductive cyclicity), and less distinct second-order increments (interpreted as annual in nature). This pattern is clearly reflected by the elemental composition with the primary growth breaks lacking Ca and Sr but including Mg and S as organic matrix constituents. The second-order increments within the calcite are mirrored by moderately co-varying Mg/Ca and S/Ca fluctuations at stable Sr concentrations, reflecting varying proportions of organic matrix. Dorsal and central endostracum transects reveal a low inter-valve, but considerable inter-specimen variability with high Mg/Ca molar ratios and fluctuations (22.5±17.6 mmol/mol), low Sr/Ca values (0.2±0.1 mmol/mol), and a typical to high S/Ca content (6.9±2.2 mmol/mol), when compared to other calcitic bivalves.Unlike short-lived, shallow-water oysters, N. zibrowii thrives under very stable environmental conditions. Minimal temperature fluctuations and stable open marine salinity provide an optimal basis to recognise biological fractionation processes. Strong Mg/Ca fluctuations indicate a physiological control related to metabolism and biomineralisation, prohibiting the use of this ratio as a temperature or ocean chemistry proxy. Low Sr/Ca ratios indicate rather constant and low long-term accretion rates, while short-scale fluctuations may be attributed to short-term variations in growth rate and Mg incorporation. Oxygen isotopes yield a considerable spread of 1.8‰ with a mean of 2.0±0.3‰ δ¹⁸O V-PDB, and low correlation between different contemporaneous parts of the shell and between specimens. These values surprisingly exceed expected equilibrium conditions, calculated from in situ temperature data (annual mean 12.3±0.3 °C) and seawater isotopic composition (0.5±0.1‰ δ¹⁸O SMOW), by 0.5‰ on average. Such positively shifting vital effects, previously reported for limpets and barnacles, are often overlooked in high-temperature and high-amplitude settings and may be more common than is currently believed. Carbon isotopes range from 0.2 to 3.5‰ δ¹³C V-PDB (mean 1.8±0.7‰) and show an ontogenetic decrease, but may incorporate an environmental signal in adult portions, indicated by a strong correspondence of peaks between specimens. This signal is likely driven by a complex interplay of different factors, such as primary production, current-based food supply and metabolism.     

卡尔曼滤波在低轨卫星精密定轨中的应用

星上计算机的处理能力不断提高,地基控制系统资源日益紧张,这些都对卫星自主定轨提出了迫切的要求,利用卡尔曼滤波进行卫星自主定轨将具有十分广阔的应用前景。但由于低轨卫星受摄动力较大,使得其动力学方程十分复杂,本文对如何建立适当的模型进行了分析。标准卡尔曼滤波只有在满足一定约束条件时,才能得到最优解。但利用星载GPS进行卫星定轨时,这些约束条件并不能得到完全的满足,针对这些问题本文讨论了相关噪声和滤波发散,观测值粗差等问题。     

AN IMPROVED SEMI-IMPLICIT TIME DIFFERENCE SCHEME OF SPECTRAL MODEL AND NUMERICAL APPLICATIONS

In fact,the popular semi-implicit time difference scheme of spectral model still includes someimportant linear terms using time explicit difference scheme,and the major terms are directlyrelated to fast internal-and external-gravity waves in the atmospheric forecasting equation.Additionally,due to using time difference on two terms at different time.the popular schemeartificially introduces unbalance between pressure gradient force and Coriolis force terms whilenumerically computing their small difference between large quantities.According to thecomputational stability analysis conducted to the linear term time difference scheme in simpleharmonic motion equation,one improved semi-implicit time difference scheme is also designed inour study.By adopting a kind of revised time-explicit-difference scheme to these linear terms thatstill included in spectral model governing equations,the defect of spectral model which only partlyusing semi-implicit integrating scheme can be overcome effectively.Moreover,besides all spectralcoefficients of prognostic equations,especially of Helmholtz divergence equation,can be workedout without any numerical iteration,the time-step (computation stability) can also be enlarged(enhanced) by properly introducing an adjustable coefficient.