Diagnostic model construction and example analysis of habitat degradation in enclosed bay: I. diagnostic model construction

Presently, research is lacking regarding the diagnosis and evaluation of habitat degradation in enclosed bay systems. We established a diagnostic model for enclosed bay habitat degradation （EBHD model） using a multi-approach integrated diagnostic method in consideration of driving force-pressure- state-influence-response. The model optimizes the indicator standardization with annual average change rate of habitat degradation as the basic element, to reflect accurately the impact of the change and speed of degradation on the diagnostic results, to quantify reasonably the contribution of individual diagnostic indicator to habitat degradation, and to solve the issue regarding the influence of subjective factors on the evaluation results during indicator scoring. We then applied the EBHD model for the Sansha Bay in Fujian Province, China, evaluated comprehensively the situation of habitat degradation in the bay, and screened out the major controlling factors in the study area. Results show that the diagnostic results are consistent in overall with the real situation of the study area. Therefore, the EBHD model is advantageous in terms of objectivity and accuracy, making a breakthrough in diagnosis and evaluation for habitat degradation in enclosed bay systems.     

Diagnostic model construction and example analysis of habitat degradation in enclosed bay: II. spatiotemporal variations in habitat degradation in Sansha Bay

The process of habitat degradation varies in habitat type and driving force which shows certain spatial and temporal heterogeneity on regional scales. In the present study, a new diagnostic model for enclosed bay habitat degradation was established, with which the spatial and temporal variation patterns of habitat degradation during 1991–2012 in Sansha Bay, Fujian, China was investigated. The results show that anthropogenic disturbance is the major controlling factor for the habitat degradation in large temporal heterogeneity in the bay. On the other hand, the habitat degradation experienced signifi cant spatial variations among six sub-bays. Under the joint action of temporal and spatial heterogeneity, the degradation trend in growing scale shows a more signifi cant correlation with the distribution of local leading industries along shorelines. Therefore, we quantifi ed the main characters of habitat degradation in Sansha Bay, and have understood the relationship between the status of habitats spatio-temporal variation value and the main controlling factor leading to the changes. However, a defi ciency of this research is the lack of or inaccessible to the detailed data, which shall be better solved in the future study for accessing more data from more sources.     

南极普利兹湾夏季不同层次海冰及冰下海水古菌丰度和多样性

为了解南极普里兹湾夏季不同层次海冰及冰下海水中古菌丰度及群落组成,利用荧光原位杂交(filter in situ hybridization, FISH)技术对海冰及海水样品中古菌进行定量研究,通过构建16S rRNA基因文库对不同层次海冰及冰下海水中古菌进行多样性分析,并结合环境因子进行相关性分析。荧光原位杂交结果表明,古菌的平均丰度随着海冰层次的下降呈下降趋势,初步推断可能受海冰中铵离子影响所致;16S rRNA基因文库分析结果表明,仅在海冰底部样品中检测到古菌,且全部16S rRNA基因序列为泉古菌（Crenarchaeota）,与来源于北极海水、海冰中古菌16S rRNA基因序列相似性最高,属于泉古菌海洋类群I（Marine Group I Crenarchaeota）;冰下海水古菌多样性较高,主要归属于泉古菌Marine Group I和广古菌（Euryarchaeote）Marine Group II 、III。     

CORS系统在农田水利项目上的应用

CORS系统在我国已全面建成,本文简要阐述了CORS系统的基本原理和组成,并结合农田水利工程的具体实例,阐述CORS系统在进行农田水利项目测绘过程中的应用及方法,进行了精度统计分析,同时阐述了CORS系统的优势及作业过程中需要注意的事项。     

雪冰孢粉记录研究进展

孢粉作为一种可靠的代用指标,能够反映不同时间尺度古气候和古环境的变化信息。雪冰孢粉研究以雪冰中的植物花粉和孢子为研究对象,结合雪冰研究的特性和孢粉研究的优势,为气候重建提供了一种新的手段。雪冰孢粉是古植被的直接反映,可用于重建湿度、温度和人类活动。归纳了雪冰孢粉的古环境意义,总结了雪冰孢粉研究的空间分布状况,概述了雪冰孢粉记录的研究进展。现阶段雪冰孢粉研究在源区与传播特征、季节变化特征、辅助雪冰定年和古气候重建等方面均取得了良好的进展。北极地区有区域性的雪冰孢粉现代过程研究工作,而山地地区研究主要关注单个冰帽,并有若干学者在孢粉重建古温度以及孢粉重建古湿度等方面进行了定量化尝试。目前研究表明,雪冰孢粉对湿度变化的响应较为敏感,并且在温度重建方面具有极大潜力。特别在青藏高原,藜科、蒿属、禾本科以及莎草科花粉的百分比变化能够较客观地反映湿度变化信息。此外,雪冰孢粉记录的草原、草甸和荒漠植被类型的转变能够提供温度和湿度变化信息。但是,这些孢粉指标均具有一定的局限性,且其古环境指示意义研究也并不深入。青藏高原雪冰孢粉现代过程和古气候重建等应是未来值得关注的研究内容之一。     

基于G/S的应急管理应用

城市化、新型工业化及全球化进程的进一步融合,公共安全问题发生频度将大大增加.由于防范意识的淡薄,以及预警不力等因素导致对突发事件类别和级别较难合理的判识,对应急管理机构和平台资源较难高效的应用.给人民生命财产安全带来极大的隐患.通过以数据为核心、标识为主线,提出G/S模式,在此基础上实现应急预案建模,结合四川省应急指挥系统进行验证,建立一套原型系统,为应急管理的高可用性、高安全性服务;为国家的产业化推广提供理论基础与技术支持.     

Transient response of a beam on viscoelastic foundation under an impact load during nondestructive testing

Beam responses under an impact NDT load are studied using the Fourier and Laplace transforms. Numerical computation is performed for a parametric study of beam and load parameters. It is shown that under an impact load, the time duration for displacement to vanish is ten times longer than that for velocity and acceleration. The maximum response is achieved first in acceleration, followed by velocity, and finally displacement, all of which occur before the impact load is removed. At the moment that the impact load is removed from the beam, there is a discontinuity in the velocity and acceleration responses, but not in displacement response. The effect of K and ph on beam response is much less significant than that of El and C, which have similar effect on beam response. As El increases, peak values of displacement, velocity and acceleration response decrease. The effect of K on beam response only becomes appreciable after the impact load is removed. While the peak of displacement remain almost unchanged as K increases, the displacement response decays to zero faster for large K values than for small K values.     

基于GIS的城市应急系统研究

介绍了以GIS为核心的应急系统模型,用于城市中突发性灾害事故救助的辅助决策,它集成了GIS、RS、GPS三者的优势,发挥了GIS可视化和空间分析的特有功能,对事故现场和救助机构实时动态监视和控制,对人力、设备和车辆等进行实时调度和配置。此系统提高了事故处理的效率和响应速度,为抗灾、减灾和灾后救助工作提供了有效的辅助手段。     

旁压试验成果应用

通过几项工程对旁压试验的应用及其资料的整理分析,给出了估算软土不排水抗剪强度,砂土内摩擦角等参数的经验关系式以及应用旁压试验成果估算地基土强度、单桩承载力和基础沉降量等。