强度变化对崩坡积体堆积机制及稳定性影响研究

利用颗粒流PFC2D建立了岩土体物理模型,在此基础上设计了均以物理模型折减计算初始模型和以前一折减计算结果为下次折减计算初始模型两类计算条件,每一类又设计了只对凝聚力折减、仅对内摩擦角折减、强度参数同时折减3种计算方案,每种计算方案又包含折减1.0、0.50、0.10、0.01、0.0倍等5个计算工况。经对坡面演替、监测点x方向速度变化曲线等计算结果的对比分析发现：凝聚力对于岩土体的直立特性起控制作用,破坏模式多为崩塌倾倒模式;内摩擦角对于稳定坡角具有重要影响;强度参数同时衰减时,强度参数弱化幅度较大情况下岩土体呈散体物质破坏模式,为滑移渐进破坏模式,其中凝聚力弱化0.1倍前后（约10 kPa）后,破坏模式由崩塌破坏转变为滑移破坏。     

Developmental expression pattern of calmodulin gene in amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense

We investigated the developmental expression pattern of AmphiCaM in cephalochordate amphioxus (Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense). We cultured and sampled the animals at different developmental stages (eggs and larvae), and used in-situ hybridization and northern blotting to document the spatial and temporal changes in AmphiCaM expression. The alimentary tract dominates the development from the late neurula stage to the adult stage. AmphiCaM expression increased significantly in the alimentary tract during the late neurula stage and remained elevated in the adults. Our results indicate that AmphiCaM is involved in the differentiation of the alimentary tract in amphioxus; and furthermore, provide an insight into the change in function of CaM genes during evolution.     

Comparison of nonlinear and linear PCA on surface wind, surface height, and SST in the South China Sea

We compared nonlinear principal component analysis (NLPCA) with linear principal component analysis (LPCA) with the data of sea surface wind anomalies (SWA), surface height anomalies (SSHA), and sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA), taken in the South China Sea (SCS) between 1993 and 2003. The SCS monthly data for SWA, SSHA and SSTA (i.e., the anomalies with climatological seasonal cycle removed) were pre-filtered by LPCA, with only three leading modes retained. The first three modes of SWA, SSHA, and SSTA of LPCA explained 86%, 71%, and 94% of the total variance in the original data, respectively. Thus, the three associated time coefficient functions (TCFs) were used as the input data for NLPCA network. The NLPCA was made based on feed-forward neural network models. Compared with classical linear PCA, the first NLPCA mode could explain more variance than linear PCA for the above data. The nonlinearity of SWA and SSHA were stronger in most areas of the SCS. The first mode of the NLPCA on the SWA and SSHA accounted for 67.26% of the variance versus 54.7%, and 60.24% versus 50.43%, respectively for the first LPCA mode. Conversely, the nonlinear SSTA, localized in the northern SCS and southern continental shelf region, resulted in little improvement in the explanation of the variance for the first NLPCA.     

中国地质灾害总体特征与形势分析

我国地质灾害总体特征为灾害数量多、分布广、损失重,多发生在汛期的5~8月,地质灾害年内高发时段由南向北逐渐推移。滑坡崩塌泥石流高易发区主要分布在西南山地区、秦岭大巴山区和黄土高原等地区。近年来,极端气候事件增多、地震活跃等因素增加了地质灾害预警预报的难度,总体来看,未来5年,我国地质灾害仍将处于高发期,面临的防灾减灾形势更加严峻。     

厦门花岗石风化壳工程地质带及风化岩石的工程地质特征

本文对厦门花岗岩风化壳进行了系统地分带，共分为新鲜岩石带、微风化带、强风化带、不均匀风化岩土带及残积土带。阐述了各带工程地质特征，并进行了定量分带的探讨。本文用点荷载强度、弹性波速度及回弹锤试验结果进行了单指标和多指标的综合评判。根据大量现场和室内测试的研究资料，作者详细论述了各风化带的组构、物理力学性质及其变化规律。并建立了风化岩石点荷载强度指数Is（50）与弹性波纵波速度Vp、弹性波纵速度Vp与极限抗压强度R及点荷载强度指数Is（50）与极限抗压强度R之间的关系式。     

化学光谱法测定微量金的摄谱电极之改进

化学光谱法测定微量金已实用多年。一般使用杯形下电极、锥形上电极，本实验在前人基础上将上电极改为凹形电极，与锥形上电极摄谱相比较的优点是：（）使用凹形上电极避免了炽热的锥形电极头像进入光栏孔。样品含量低于μ时摄谱11g曝光时间控制为。上下电极有效对齐，避免了摄谱激发因瞬时电势差极大而引起的溅弧现8 s象，所以光谱背景浅。×110－3μ的金在线处也能看到清晰谱线。g2 675.95 （）凹形对电极摄谱，增大工作电流，延长曝光时间，从而提高弧焰的温度，使蒸发出2来的金得以充分激发。另外，上下电极都存在一个气室，对金的…     

THE DEPENDENCE OF WIND STRESS ON SEA STATE

Based on up to date literature, this paper details the evolution of wave dependence of wind stress.Some typical models of the dependence of wind stress on waves are described in detail. Although there isno universally accepted theory and model, recent studies indicate that the wind strees strongly dependson the development state of sea waves, i. e., young seas are rougher than mature seas, in other words, thewind stress decreases with increasing wave age.     

地震学研究的新进展促进地震科学的发展

联邦和州政府机构及大学的科研小组都在加州运行着地震台网。美国地质调查局(USGS)与南加州的加州理工学院(Caltech)和北加州的加州大学(UC)伯克利分校合作，运行着加州的地震台网。加利福尼亚地质调查处(CGS)和美国地质调查局强震计划(NSMP)共同管理着该州的强震观测仪器台网。     

传导网络中的地磁灾害（二）

地磁对地面电力系统影响的观测已有150年的历史了(见图1；也见．Boteler，2001a)。图1表示的事件只是那些能够与特定地磁扰动有关的事件，而由累积效应造成的某些电力中断或许从来就没有把它们与地磁扰动相联系过。这种累积作用一般与管线的腐蚀有关。现在已证实，地磁感应电流也可能在变压器增压发电机中积累应力(Kappenman，1996)。     

爆发坑与砂土液化：对灾害性地震后形成的奇特干坑进行了解释

2001年1月在布季发生的矩震级7．7的地震是印度有历史记载的最具破坏性的地震之一。尽管其断层面没有使地表破裂，但此次地震在约15000km^2范围内造成了地面破坏，包括形成喷沙坑、沙层裂缝和地下沉积层出现液化迹象(Tuttl et al，2002)。在此我们对该地震期间形成的两个较大的干爆发坑进行了勘察，并对从坑中喷出的碎屑物的轨迹进行了分析，估算了当时的地下压力。我们认为，这些干坑可能是由于砂土液化的延迟效应导致地面爆发式变形而形成的。