泉州城市表层土壤中金属元素来源分析

采集了泉州市47个城市表层土壤样,用ICP-MS检测技术,研究了土壤中26种重金属元素的富集特征、环境风险及污染来源。富集因子结果显示,与泉州市土壤背景值相比,Li、Ni、Co、Cu、Zn、Sr、Cd、Sn、Sb、Pb、Ta在城市表层土壤中的富集因子大于1,而Ti、V、Cr、Fe、Mn、Ga、Ge、As、Rb、Y、Nb、Cs、Bi、Th、U的富集因子小于1。从功能区上看,工业区污染最为严重,其次依次为农业区、商住区、城市绿地、交通区。环境风险指数表明,泉州市城市表层土壤中重金属污染具有极高的环境风险,达到极高风险级别的样品占48.9%。采用多元统计分析方法对土壤样品中各金属元素来源进行解析,结果表明,研究区城市表层土壤中金属元素总体可分成5类：①交通运输类（Sn、Pb、Sb、Bi）;②工业因子类（Cr、Co、Ni、Fe、Mn）;③自然因子类别（Ga、Ge、Ti、V、Cu）;④混合因子类别（Zn、Cd、Sr、Th、U、Y、As、Cs、Nb、Ta、Rb）;⑤生活垃圾因子类别（Li）。     

构造运动和气候变化对天山北麓奎屯河阶地发育的影响作用

奎屯河出天山后,强烈下切形成深达300m的河谷,在河谷两侧发育多级河流阶地.在遥感解译和野外测量的基础上,获得了河流阶地平面分布图和阶地位相图.根据奎屯河阶地的平面特征与剖面特征,将河流阶地由新到老分为T1,T2,T3,T4和T5等5组.前人用10Be测年数据认为T4阶地堆积于深海氧同位素(MIS)第2阶段,奎屯河强烈...     

基于CAD平台开发自动批量计算宗地椭球面积技术

简要介绍了基于CAD平台下的自动计算宗地椭球面积开发技术,根据用户选择不同的椭球系统,1954,1980,2000,实现自动计算宗地椭球面积功能,提出了实现自动计算的技术路线及方法,用实例进行了验证,整个街坊一次全部计算完毕,并把结果标注在图上,极大地提高了作业效率,达到了满意的效果。     

基于AutoCAD.NET平台下的C#语言开发测量软件技术

简要介绍了基于CAD平台进行测量软件二次开发的新方法,总结了利用VS2005开发工具中的C#语言开发测量软件技术要点,操作步骤及使用方法,并给出了简单的绘图实例。该软件技术极大地提高了作业效率,达到了满意的效果。     

Impacts of a Large-scale Adaptive Blending Scheme for CMA-MESO on Regional Forecasts-A Case Study of Typhoon Haima

Large-scale atmospheric information plays an important role in the regional model for the forecasts of weather such as tropical cyclone (TC). However, it is difficult to be fully represented in regional models due to domain size and a lack of observation data, particularly at sea used in regional data assimilation. Blending analysis has been developed and implemented in regional models to reintroduce large-scale information from global model to regional analysis. Research of the impact of this large-scale blending scheme for the Global / Regional Assimilation and PrEdiction System (CMA-MESO) regional model on TC forecasting is limited and this study attempts to further progress by examining the adaptivity of the blending scheme using the two-dimensional Discrete Cosine Transform (2D-DCT) filter on the model forecast of Typhoon Haima over Shenzhen, China in 2016 and considering various cut-off wavelengths. Results showed that the error of the 24-hour typhoon track forecast can be reduced to less than 25 km by applying the scale-dependent blending scheme, indicating that the blending analysis is effectively able to minimise the large-scale bias for the initial fields. The improvement of the wind forecast is more evident for u-wind component according to the reduced root mean square errors (RMSEs) by comparing the experiments with and without blending analysis. Furthermore, the higher equitable threat score (ETS) provided implications that the precipitation prediction skills were increased in the 24h forecast by improving the representation of the large-scale feature in the CMA-MESO analysis. Furthermore, significant differences of the track error forecast were found by applying the blending analysis with different cut-off wavelengths from 400 km to 1200 km and the track error can be reduced less than by 10 km with 400 km cut-off wavelength in the first 6h forecast. It highlighted that the blending scheme with dynamic cut-off wavelengths adapted to the development of different TC systems is necessary in order to optimally introduce and ingest the large-scale information from global model to the regional model for improving the TC forecast. In this paper, the methods and data applied in this study will be firstly introduced, before discussion of the results regarding the performance of the blending analysis and its impacts on the wind and precipitation forecast correspondingly, followed by the discussion of the effects of different blending scheme on TC forecasts and the conclusion section.     

浅析多层采空区的塌陷机理及发展因素

首先对多层采空区的塌陷机理进行了分析,然后分别研究了煤层采出厚度、埋藏深度、覆岩岩性、时间因素及重复采动等因素对多层采空区塌陷的影响。结果表明：冒裂带高度与煤层采出厚度成正比;但是对于多分层开采的特厚煤层或近距离煤层群来讲,其下各分层开采的影响已显著减弱。地表的塌陷影响是随着开采煤层埋藏深度的增加而递减;但是对于开采下部煤层或同一煤层开采下一工作面时,岩层及地袁移动过程比初次采动剧烈,地表移动范围扩大。硕板岩层愈硬,导水破裂带高度愈高;随着开采层数的增加,煤层开采累积厚度也随之增加,但对冒落带高度的影响则愈来愈小。     

重新厘定“四川运动”与青藏高原初始隆升的时代、背景:黄陵背斜构造形成的启示

迄今为止对华南地区古—中生界褶皱构造变形形成时期的主流认识是晚中生代的燕山期,但是笔者近年通过对黄陵背斜露头剖面的观察、地质图分析和前人认识的资料汇总,认为黄陵背斜经历过早白垩世以前印支—晚燕山运动的构造变形,晚白垩世、古—始新世经历了伸展隆升或变质核杂岩的形成过程,最终的挤压褶皱构造变形发生在渐新世末大约24.6Ma,即新生代的喜山运动中期。通过研究得到两点启示:(1)引起华南地区NNE走向挤压褶皱与推覆构造最后定型的"四川运动"不是发生在早年谭锡畴和李春昱根据当时资料定位的晚白垩世的燕山期,而应该是古近纪渐新世末的喜山期;形成"四川运动"的宏观背景是始新世中期—渐新世太平洋板块运动的转向,即从43～36Ma以前的太平洋板块向NNW俯冲转为向NWW俯冲,以致构成对中国东部包括扬子—华南板块在内的NWW向挤压,形成中国东部从华南到东北以NNE走向为主的挤压褶皱、推覆构造变形及相应的盆-山地貌,和李四光早年提出挽近时期形成的"新华夏系"构造地貌轮廓一致。(2)中新世印度洋中脊快速扩张,引发印—澳板块向NNE俯冲、推挤引起青藏高原的初次隆升,形成NWW向展布的青藏—闽粤初始高原,黄陵背斜是初始高原与"新华夏系"盆-山地貌的构造结点,具有双重构造特征,经历了中—上新世高原隆升剥蚀和夷平,现今山-盆起伏的构造地貌是上新世晚期至早更新世晚期(3.6～0.8Ma)以来快速隆升的产物。     

岩石圈热水流体作用的环境效应研究

岩石圈热水流体作用的环境效应研究陈多福陈光谦陈先沛高计元潘晶铭（中国科学院广州地球化学研究所，广州５１０６４０）关键词热水流体作用环境效应岩石圈收稿日期：１９９７－４－３第一作者简介：陈多福男１９６２年生副研究员地球化学岩石圈主要由岩石和裂隙组成，而...     

吹雪和风沙能共存吗?

吹雪类和风沙类的天气现象能否同时存在并相互转变呢?我们经过多次细心观察和学习有关规定,认为它们是完全可以相互转变和同时存在的。当然,碰到这样的情况,应该谨慎、确切地判断和记录。 比如,先降雪而形成积雪,而后有雪暴或吹雪。再后来由于积雪被风吹得一片片露出地面,地上的尘土和沙粒明显地被风吹起来。天色发黄,风吹起来的飘浮物和散落物中,有大量雪片,同时又夹有大量沙尘。这时就可以同时存在这两类现象中的各一种。如