浅谈深基坑监测方案

地下变电站建筑施工都需要开挖深基坑,并且进行基坑支护。因此,必须进行基坑监测,监测基坑支护桩、地下水位之水平及垂直位移情况以及地下潜水水位之高度,确保施工安全。本文主要结合龙潭湖220kv变电站基坑监测,从基坑之监测内容、方法、精度、数据处理等几方面介绍深基坑监测之监测方案。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东南部上古生界海陆过渡相页岩储集性与含气性

鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界海陆过渡相页岩是重要的页岩气富集层系,但是含气性及其控制因素研究薄弱,制约了对该地区页岩气的勘探和研究。论文通过对鄂尔多斯东南部本溪和山西组大量页岩样品开展有机地球化学、矿物组成、页岩孔隙及分布的研究,评价了海陆过渡相页岩的储集性;通过含气量现场解吸和等温吸附实验,分析了页岩含气特征和影响因素。结论认为研究区海陆过渡相页岩有机质丰度高(TOC含量0.5%~11%),主要发育III型干酪根,有机质成熟度较高(1.0%~3.0% Ro);矿物组成以富黏土页岩为特征,黏土矿物含量可高达60%以上。总孔隙度分布在2%~8%,部分样品微裂缝发育。孔隙类型以平行板状的狭缝型孔隙介孔为主,在岩石孔隙比表面积和孔体积的贡献占90%以上;TOC含量与孔隙比表面积及孔隙总体积具有密切的相关性,有机质孔隙对岩石总孔隙构成具有重要贡献。现场解吸含气量为0.591~4.05 m3/t,兰氏体积从0.05 m3/t到14 m3/t都有分布,页岩实测含气量与气体吸附能力差异大。TOC含量是控制海陆过渡相页岩含气量和含气能力的重要因素,富黏土矿物的吸附作用可使样品含气能力显著增加。     

Impacts of a Large-scale Adaptive Blending Scheme for CMA-MESO on Regional Forecasts-A Case Study of Typhoon Haima

Large-scale atmospheric information plays an important role in the regional model for the forecasts of weather such as tropical cyclone (TC). However, it is difficult to be fully represented in regional models due to domain size and a lack of observation data, particularly at sea used in regional data assimilation. Blending analysis has been developed and implemented in regional models to reintroduce large-scale information from global model to regional analysis. Research of the impact of this large-scale blending scheme for the Global / Regional Assimilation and PrEdiction System (CMA-MESO) regional model on TC forecasting is limited and this study attempts to further progress by examining the adaptivity of the blending scheme using the two-dimensional Discrete Cosine Transform (2D-DCT) filter on the model forecast of Typhoon Haima over Shenzhen, China in 2016 and considering various cut-off wavelengths. Results showed that the error of the 24-hour typhoon track forecast can be reduced to less than 25 km by applying the scale-dependent blending scheme, indicating that the blending analysis is effectively able to minimise the large-scale bias for the initial fields. The improvement of the wind forecast is more evident for u-wind component according to the reduced root mean square errors (RMSEs) by comparing the experiments with and without blending analysis. Furthermore, the higher equitable threat score (ETS) provided implications that the precipitation prediction skills were increased in the 24h forecast by improving the representation of the large-scale feature in the CMA-MESO analysis. Furthermore, significant differences of the track error forecast were found by applying the blending analysis with different cut-off wavelengths from 400 km to 1200 km and the track error can be reduced less than by 10 km with 400 km cut-off wavelength in the first 6h forecast. It highlighted that the blending scheme with dynamic cut-off wavelengths adapted to the development of different TC systems is necessary in order to optimally introduce and ingest the large-scale information from global model to the regional model for improving the TC forecast. In this paper, the methods and data applied in this study will be firstly introduced, before discussion of the results regarding the performance of the blending analysis and its impacts on the wind and precipitation forecast correspondingly, followed by the discussion of the effects of different blending scheme on TC forecasts and the conclusion section.     

页岩储层吸附机理及其影响因素研究现状

页岩气是以游离、吸附和溶解状态赋存于暗色泥页岩中的天然气,其吸附态是页岩气的主要赋存状态之一。据统计北美页岩吸附气含量可能至少占页岩气总量的40%,页岩吸附气含量是预测页岩储层产能的关键参数之一。页岩气吸附机理和影响因素的论述,得出：目前对页岩热成熟度、矿物成分和深度等因素研究相对薄弱。国内大多研究还停留在地质资料的宏观对比上,对于页岩气吸附的微观机理研究也还相对薄弱,通过对应加强研究并建立适合我国页岩气地质储量的评估标准,指导页岩气勘探开发。     

高分辨率地形资料应用对CMA-MESO模式地面气象要素的影响

真实地形包含各自不同尺度的地形特征,对各种时空大气运动有深刻影响。不同尺度的地形效应很难在数值模式的离散格点中准确刻画,是发展数值模式的难点问题之一。随着模式向亚千米级高分辨率发展,高分辨模式要求刻画出更高准确度的地形数据。本研究在CMA-MESO中引入ASTER-1s高精度地形数据和改进地形滤波函数,在滤去波长接近模式网格的小尺度地形的同时保留更多地形细节,以提高模式对地形的刻画准确度。通过冬、夏各1个月批量模拟试验结果与2万多个地面观测站点观测数据的对比,发现单独采用ASTER-1s地形而不改变CMA-MESO的地形滤波函数,模式对2 m气温和10 m风速的整体预报准确度提升较小,采用ASTER-1s地形并改进地形滤波函数明显提高了模式对2 m气温和10 m风速的预报准确度,对气温和风速的月平均均方根误差分别减少了6.4%和4.9%。夏季1个月批量试验显示,改进的新地形方案对降水预报提升较弱,未造成非真实的细碎降水分布或异常值。此外,动能谱分析新引入的地形和滤波函数未造成高频能量积累。研究结果表明新地形方案能够明显改进低层气温和风速的预报准确度,并且在数值上稳定可靠。     

载铜蒙脱石吸附亚甲基蓝的试验研究

采用离子交换法制得载铜蒙脱石,研究蒙脱石和载铜蒙脱石对亚甲基蓝（MB）的吸附性能,结果表明载铜蒙脱石的吸附能力低于蒙脱石。温度、介质pH值和离子强度对吸附剂的吸附性能有不同程度的影响;蒙脱石和载铜蒙脱石吸附MB等温线较好地符合BET和Langmuir等温方程,其吸附过程均为热力学自发过程。