晚型星计算机自动光谱分类

在对恒星形成区（ＳＦＲ）中ＲＯＳＡＴ选弱发射线Ｔ Ｔａｕｒｉ星（ＷＴＴＳ）进行光谱证认的过程中,发展了一套基于北京天台２．１６米光学望远镜及其ＯＭＲ卡焦光谱仪系统的晚型星中色散（５０Ａ／ｍｍ）光谱计算机自动光谱分类方法。对ＲＯＳＡＴ选ＷＴＴＳ候选体中晚型星进行自动光谱分类的结果表明,一般情况下,光谱型的分类精度可达±１个次级,个别源为±２个次级。该自动光谱分类方法同时适用于其它光谱晚型星。     

Taurus—Auriga外围区ROSAT定点观察选WTTS的光学证认与研究

低质量恒星形成区Ｔａｕｒｕｓ－Ａｕｒｉｇａ外围区ＲＯＳＡＴ定点观测选弱发射线Ｔ Ｔａｕｒｉ星候选体（ＷＴＴＳ）的光谱证认新发现４个ＷＴＴＳ。本给出了目标源的ＵＳＮＯ Ｒ星等、ＵＳＮＯ坐标（Ｊ２０００）、分类光谱型、Ｈα发射／吸收线和富ＬｉＸ射线源,包括新发现ＷＴＴＳ的ＬｉＩ吸收线强度等参量以及ＷＴＴＳ的特征光谱。并利用Ｈｉｐｐａｒｃｏｓ星表对部分目标源进行了视差和自行的研究。另外,本第一次给出     

晚型星的磁场与软X射线相关性

本文讨论了晚型星的磁场强度与ＲＯＳＡＴ软Ｘ射线的相关性,用四种模型拟合了ＲＯＳＡＴ的观测结果,讨论了各种模型的优缺点,同时发现单星的星冕温度与磁场强度的相关性很好．因此可以认为磁场是晚型星星冕很重要的加热机制．由处理ＲＯＳＡＴ数据得到的星冕温度,可估计晚型星表面的磁场强度．     

新发现7个X选BLLac天体和1个类星体

利用ＲＯＳＡＴ－ＶＬＡ方法筛选，从ＲＯＳＡＴＸ射线源中选出了１９个新ＢＬＬａｃ天体和类星体的候选体，在１９９４年至１９９６年１月期间，利用北京天台２．１６ｍ望远镜对其中１６个进行光谱证认，发现了７个新的Ｘ选ＢＬＬａｃ天体及一个类星体，类星体的红外移值为：Ｚ＝０．３３１±０．００１５。     

5个新发现的X选BL Lac天体

利用ＲＯＳＡＴ－ＶＬＡ方法筛选，从ＲＯＰＳＡＴ Ｘ射线源中选出了一批新的ＢＬ Ｌａｃ天体和类星体的候选体。１９９６年１２月８日至１７日，利用北京天文台２．１６ｍ望远镜和新从美国引进的ＯＭＲ摄谱仪，对这批新候选体进行了光谱认证。经ＳＵＮ工作站处理，又发现了５个新的Ｘ选ＢＬ Ｌａｃ天体。     

新发现的6个X选类星体和1个Seyfert星系

利用ＲＯＳＡＴＶＬＡ方法筛选，从ＲＯＳＡＴＸ射线源中选出了一批新的ＢＬＬａｃ天体和类星体的候选体．１９９６年１２月８日至１７日，利用北京天文台２．１６ｍ望远镜和ＯＭＲ摄谱仪，对这批新候选体进行了光谱认证．经ＳＵＮ工作站处理，又发现了５个新的Ｘ选类星体和１个Ｓｅｙｆｅｒｔ星系．此外，在扩大光谱波长覆盖范围到８５００的条件下，重新观测了作者去年所发现的ＢＬＬａｃ天体，结果发现２３１８＋３０４在７２５９处有一很强的Ｈα６５６３＋［ＮＩ］６５４８，６５８３发射线．因此，可以确定２３１８＋３０４是一个类星体，而不是一个ＢＬＬａｃ天体．     

金牛T型星的红外光谱

给出２６ 个金牛Ｔ 型星的ＩＲＡＳ低分辨率红外光谱．根据这些光谱讨论了它们有关的性质和所处环境．分析发现硅酸盐尘埃在金牛Ｔ 型星拱星壳层中是常见的物质     

激变变星及相关天体的Hα与近红外电离钙三重线的光谱分析

给出了１９９７年４月１５日至１７日在北京天台用２．１６ｍ望远镜卡焦光谱仪观测获得的６颗激变变星（ＡＢ Ｂｏｏ,ＵＸ ＵＭａ,Ｔ ＣｒＢ,ＡＨ Ｈｅｒ,Ｚ Ｃａｍ和Ｖ４２６ Ｏｐｈ）及３颗相关天体（ＵＭａ３,ＥＧ ＵＭａ和Ｌｅｏ３）的ＣＣＤ光谱,并同时拍摄了５颗晚型星（３Ｄｒａ,ｖ Ｖｉｒ,ψＬｅｏ,３４Ｂｏｏ和３６Ｃｏｍ）的ＣＣＤ光谱,作为晚型星参考谱,测量了观测样本星的Ｈα和近红外ＣａⅡ的三重     

新发现的4个X选类星体和2个赛弗特星系

１９９７－１９９８年期间,使用２．１６ｍ望远镜对ＲＯＳＡＴ Ｘ射线源进行光学证认,证认出４个ＲＯＳＡＴ Ｘ射线源是新发现的类星体,２个ＲＯＳＡＴ Ｘ射线源是新发现的赛弗特星系。     

共生星冷星光谱分类

在近工外波段,对１０颗共生星,２７颗Ｋ－Ｍ型比较星进行了分辨本领对晚于Ｍ２的晚型星,出现了ＴｉＯ三重头吸收带,发现吸收带深度对温度很敏感而对重力不敏感,用最小二乘法拟合了光谱型对ＴｉＯ吸收带深度的曲一,拟合曲线的标准方差为０．２２光谱分型,并由此给出６颗含晚于Ｍ２巨星的共生星光谱型。另外还测量了该波段上的ＣａⅡＤＧ ＴＧＪ 线,ＦｅⅠ,ＴｉⅠ,ＮａⅠ等众谱线的等值宽度。发现ＣａⅡ三重线对光度级很咸     

Taurus-Auriga外围区ROSAT定点观测选WTTS的光学证认与研究

1引言金牛T型星（TTaur1）是一类低质量（＜3＊O）光谱晚型（晚F、G、K和M主序前类太阳恒星．依据其H。发射线的强弱可分为两类：经典TTauri星（CTTS）和弱发射线TTauri星（WTTS．一般认为,CTTS的地发射线等值宽度在15A以上,具有强的红外和紫外色余,并有CallH、K发射线,而且其空间分布主要集中在分子云密集区．CTTS具有尘埃包层或吸积盘,有些还伴有分子外向流、HZO脉泽等质能外流,在红外源的分类中山属11型红外源．由于CTTS有着很强的H。发射线,绝大多数＊＊＊s是利用民巡天观测发现的K‘」．而＊＊＊s则没有＊＊＊…     

Chromospheric Activity of Weak-Lined T Tauri Stars

A summary of our ongoing high and medium resolution optical observational program, devoted to the study of chromospheric activity of pre-main sequence stars, is reported here. The study is centered in bona-fid weak-lined T Tauri stars (WTTS) in Taurus with known rotational period, and in WTTS recently discovered by the ROSAT All-Sky Survey. It is our purpose to quantify the phenomenology of the chromospheric activity of each star determining stellar surface fluxes in the more important chromospheric activity indicators (Ca II H & K, Hβ, Hα, Ca II IRT) as well as to obtain the Li I abundance, a better determination of the stellar parameters, spectral type, and possible binarity. By using these chromospheric excess emissions we will study the flux-flux and rotation-activity relationships in order to get insights into the mechanisms which drive solar-like stellar activity in this kind of low mass pre-main sequence stars. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Magnetically active stars in Taurus-Auriga: Photometric variability and basic physical parameters

We have analyzed homogeneous long-term photometric observations of 28 well-known weakline T Tauri stars (WTTS) and 60 WTTS candidates detected by the ROSAT observatory toward the Taurus-Auriga star-forming region. We show that 22 known WTTS and 39 WTTS candidates exhibit periodic light variations that are attributable to the phenomenon of spotted rotational modulation. The rotation periods of these spotted stars lie within the range from 0.5 to 10 days. Significant differences between the long-term photometric behaviors of known WTTS and WTTS candidates have been found. We have calculated accurate luminosities, radii, masses, and ages for 74 stars. About 33% of the sample of WTTS candidates have ages younger than 10 Myr. The mean distance to 24 WTTS candidates with reliable estimates of their radii is shown to be 143 ± 26 pc. This is in excellent agreement with the adopted distance to the Taurus-Auriga star-forming region.     

Intergalactic plasma

The study of star forming regions (SFR) allows us to observe many young stellar objects with both the same metallicities and distances but with different masses. Because of its close distance ( 140pc) Taurus-Auriga is one of the best studied SFR with more than 100 well-studied, low-mass, pre-main sequence stars, T Tauri stars (TTS). A motivation for studying X-ray emission of T associations is to understand the origin of X-rays and coronal activity. The large sample observed with the ROSAT All-Sky Survey (RASS) also enables us to compare different types of young stars. Other primary goals include star formation efficiency and the interaction of young stars with their intermediate environment (probed by absorption of X-rays). RASS detection rates are comparable withEinstein Observatory results: 43 out of 65 (66%) weak-lined TTS (WTTS) and 9 out of 79 (11%) classical TTS (CTTS) exhibit X-ray emission above RASS detection limit. A strong correlation between X-ray surface flux and stellar rotation indicates that WTTS are intrinsically more X-ray active than CTTS, because WTTS rotate faster. However, rotation is not the only parameter that determines X-ray activity. Also, we compare Taurus-Auriga TTS with TTS of southern SFR like ScoCen, Lupus, Chamaeleon, and CrA. A new result is that CTTS and WTTS can be discriminated reliably by their X-ray spectral hardness ratios. X-ray emission of CTTS appears to be harder, partly because of circumstellar absorption. Spectral fits give results consistent with Raymond-Smith spectra and emission temperatures of 1.0 keV for both WTTS and CTTS. However, we find that CTTS and WTTS have significantly different X-ray luminosity functions. Medians of absorption corrected X-ray luminosities (logL _X in cgs units) are 29.701 ± 0.045 for WTTS and 29.091 ± 0.032 for CTTS. WTTS are intrinsically more luminous than CTTS, most likely because WTTS rotate on average faster than CTTS and are less absorbed. This paper concentrates on differences between CTTS and WTTS and indirect clues to be drawn from X-ray absorption and hardness ratios about circumstellar material around TTS.     

A discussion on metallicity effects on the period-luminosity relations of Cepheids and Miras

We present an automatic, fast, accurate and robust method of classifying astronomical objects. The Self Organizing Map (SOM) as an unsupervised Artificial Neural Network (ANN) algorithm is used for classification of stellar spectra of stars. The SOM is used to make clusters of different spectral classes of Jacoby, Hunter and Christian (JHC) library. This ANN technique needs no training examples and the stellar spectral data sets are directly fed to the network for the classification. The JHC library contains 161 spectra out of which, 158 spectra are selected for the classification. These 158 spectra are input vectors to the network and mapped into a two dimensional output grid. The input vectors close to each other are mapped into the same or neighboring neurons in the output space. So, the similar objects are making clusters in the output map and making it easy to analyze high dimensional data.     

Proper motion study of the ROSAT selected WTTS candidates around Taurus-Auriga

Astrometric study of the T Tauri stars (TTS) candidates and non-TTS X-ray sources around Tau-Aur [Li, Hu 132 (1998) 173], based on the Hipparcos and the ACT Reference Catalogue, is presented in this paper. The ROSAT selected X-ray sources are found to have complicated nature. A few of them are associated with the Tau-Aur or the Orion Star Forming Regions (SFR). Some, with distances similar to that of Tau-Aur but indicating discrepant proper motions, are probable or solid Pleiades supercluster members and other late type young active stars of unresolved nature, the latter are more likely formed in rapidly moving cloudlets, or else have originated from different sites rather than Tau-Aur and dispersed to the present locations. A number of the non-TTS X-ray sources studied are possible Hyades cluster members. Some TTS candidates could be foreground pre-main sequence stars or actually young dwarfs not yet depleted their Lithium.Under the hypothesis that the sources studied are representative of the ROSAT selected TTS candidates discovered in the outskirts of the Tau-Aur region, we conclude that only up to one thirds of the WTTS candidates could be expected to be physically associated with the Tau-Aur association. Along with the parallax and proper motion analysis of the non-TTS X-ray sources around the Tau-Aur SFR, our study suggests that the most majority of the young active X-ray sources, within an angular diameter of about 30^∘ toward the Tau-Aur SFR, are spatially belonging to mainly 4 different subgroups according to the apparent discordance of their distances and/or proper motions.     

Random forest algorithm for classification of multiwavelength data

We introduced a decision tree method called Random Forests for multiwavelength data classification. The data were adopted from different databases, including the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release five, USNO, FIRST and ROSAT.We then studied the discrimination of quasars from stars and the classification of quasars,stars and galaxies with the sample from optical and radio bands and with that from optical and X-ray bands. Moreover, feature selection and feature weighting based on Random Forests were investigated. The performances based on different input patterns were compared. The experimental results show that the random forest method is an effective method for astronomical object classification and can be applied to other classification problems faced in astronomy. In addition, Random Forests will show its superiorities due to its own merits, e.g. classification, feature selection, feature weighting as well as outlier detection.     

Stellar X-ray Sources in the Rosette Nebula

We present optical photometric and spectroscopic studies of ROSAT X-ray stellar sources in the Rosette Nebula star-forming region. The brightest X-ray sources are either massive stars or active T Tauri stars associated with the open cluster NGC 2244, or are foreground stars. Some of the spectra of the young stars newly identified in the region are presented.     

Spectral classification of stars based on LAMOST spectra

In this work, we select spectra of stars with high signal-to-noise ratio from LAMOST data and map their MK classes to the spectral features. The equivalent widths of prominent spectral lines, which play a similar role as multi-color photometry, form a clean stellar locus well ordered by MK classes. The advantage of the stellar locus in line indices is that it gives a natural and continuous classification of stars consistent with either broadly used MK classes or stellar astrophysical parameters. We also employ an SVM-based classification algorithm to assign MK classes to LAMOST stellar spectra. We find that the completenesses of the classifications are up to 90% for A and G type stars, but they are down to about 50% for OB and K type stars. About 40% of the OB and K type stars are mis-classified as A and G type stars,respectively. This is likely due to the difference in the spectral features between late B type and early A type stars or between late G and early K type stars being very weak. The relatively poor performance of the automatic MK classification with SVM suggests that the direct use of line indices to classify stars is likely a more preferable choice.     

Towards the main sequence: detailed analysis of weak line and post-T Tauri stars

A detailed study was performed for a sample of low-mass pre-main-sequence (PMS) stars, previously identified as weak-line T Tauri stars, which are compared to members of the Tucanae and Horologium Associations. Aiming to verify if there is any pattern of abundances when comparing the young stars at different phases, we selected objects in the range from 1 to 100 Myr, which covers most of PMS evolution. High-resolution optical spectra were acquired at European Southern Observatory and Observatório do Pico dos Dias . The stellar fundamental parameters effective temperature and gravity were calculated by excitation and ionization equilibria of iron absorption lines. Chemical abundances were obtained via equivalent width calculations and spectral synthesis for 44 per cent of the sample, which shows metallicities within 0.5 dex solar. A classification was developed based on equivalent width of Li  i 6708 Å and Hα lines and spectral types of the studied stars. This classification allowed a separation of the sample into categories that correspond to different evolutive stages in the PMS. The position of these stars in the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram was also inspected in order to estimate their ages and masses. Among the studied objects, it was verified that our sample actually contains seven weak-line T Tauri stars, three are Classical T Tauri, 12 are Fe/Ge PMS stars and 21 are post-T Tauri or young main-sequence stars. An estimation of circumstellar luminosity was obtained using a disc model to reproduce the observed spectral energy distribution. Most of the stars show low levels of circumstellar emission, corresponding to less than 30 per cent of the total emission.