基于波纹管的气压式力促动器设计与实测

针对2 m环形太阳望远镜主镜轴向支撑设计需求和指标,研制了一种基于波纹管的气压式力促动器,开展了全面实验测试。该气压式力促动器采用可伸缩高强度、高弹性金属波纹管作为核心器件,采用线性轴承作为导向机构,并集成单向压力传感器作为力反馈元件,同时在设计中考虑了安装调整工艺便捷性。经测试,该气压式力促动器单向输出力达200 N,输入气压与输出力线性度误差小于2%,力分辨率小于0.23 N,闭环力精度优于±0.3 N。测试结果验证了该气压式力促动器原理和结构简单,安装维护工艺良好,达到了设计指标,可满足2 m环形太阳望远镜主镜轴向支撑的需求。研制工作为气压式力促动器的设计细节改进及主镜支撑系统的工艺优化奠定了基础,并可为其它精密光学镜面支撑系统的工程应用提供参考。     

基于步进电机的位移促动器设计与实测

以环形太阳望远镜为应用背景,研制了一种基于步进电机的位移促动器,并进行了性能测试实验,获得了位移促动器的性能指标。分析了常见的大行程、高精度位移促动器的结构形式,选择位移缩放式作为位移促动器的基本结构。该位移促动器采用步进电机集成行星减速器作为驱动元件,以具有特殊消间隙结构的螺旋传动作为位移缩放机构,为实现高分辨率、高刚度和高精度的位移促动器设计,开展了位移促动器的性能测试实验,结果表明:该位移促动器轴向位移量程为±2 mm,不同负载下均能实现1μm的步长分辨率,位移闭环输出精度优于1μm。研制的位移促动器为环形太阳望远镜的建设提供重要的技术支持,并为其它精密光学镜面支撑系统的工程应用提供参考。     

低温微位移促动器的设计与实验

以极地天文望远镜为应用背景,研制了一种低温微位移促动器,并在室温和低温条件下进行性能测试实验,获得了低温微位移促动器的性能指标。分析了3种常见的大行程高精度微位移促动器的结构形式,选择位移缩放式作为低温微位移促动器的基本结构。微位移促动器采用低温步进电机作为驱动元件,以具有特殊消隙结构的螺旋传动作为位移缩放机构,实现了高刚度、耐低温、结构紧凑、密闭性好的微位移促动器的设计。开展了微位移促动器的性能测试实验,结果表明:所设计的低温微位移促动器在室温条件下的步进精度达到1μm±0.082μm,并且满足负载能力的设计要求;低温条件下步进精度可以达到2μm±0.404μm。研制的微位移促动器将为拼接式极地天文望远镜的建设提供重要的技术支持。     

基于CAN总线的主动光学镜面位姿驱动系统研究

为先进地基太阳望远镜(Advanced Ground-based Solar Telescope, AST-G)主镜支撑系统预研,设计了一套基于控制器局域网络(Controller Area Network, CAN)总线通信的主动光学镜面位姿调整驱动系统。首先,面向一个主动支撑样机实验平台,开展镜面运动学理论分析及位姿解算;然后,采用STM32设计了1个主节点和3个子节点,实现了镜面位姿驱动系统中位移促动器的分布式控制;最后,开展了基于CAN总线的位移促动器性能测试及镜面位姿调整实验验证。结果表明,位移促动器的控制精度的均方根误差优于1μm,镜面绕x,y轴的转动均方根误差优于1″,镜面z轴方向平动均方根误差优于1μm。基于CAN总线的位姿驱动系统研究为先进地基太阳望远镜主镜支撑系统的研制提供了技术探索,也可为其它主动光学应用系统提供参考。     

高精度镜面位置控制的微位移促动器研究

随着光学天文望远镜口径不断增大,望远镜主镜多采用拼接镜面形式,而微位移促动器作为镜面拼接技术的关键部件,始终是研究的热点之一。以双螺旋滚珠丝杆代替传统机械式微位移促动器中减速器加滚珠丝杆结构,利用差动螺旋原理进行微位移输出,使用伺服电机作为驱动电机,并对负载时电机所需的转矩进行分析。微位移促动器的输出位移精度、行程及负载能力是重要技术指标,本文从这三方面的要求出发,开展性能测试。实验结果表明,该微位移促动器总行程为5 mm,理论最大可承载1 200 N,在200 N的负载下实现200 nm的步长分辨率,开环单向位移精度优于0.65μm,闭环单向位移精度优于0.2μm。验证了所提出的微位移促动器具备高精度、大行程和高负载的要求,为我国未来大口径天文望远镜的设计提供技术储备。     

拼接镜面主动光学电控系统的研究

介绍拼接镜面主动光学计算机控制的设计思想和研制的方法。计算机通过接口控制6套微位移促动器实现了同步工作;控制维持三块子镜的共焦和共面;采用6套电容式的微位置传感器来检测共面的位置,作为计算机闭环控制的反馈信号。位移促动器的控制分辨率为5nm左右。系统控制的位置误差rms值小于25nm。     

基于QTT促动器的热误差补偿

即将用于新疆奇台110 m射电望远镜(Qi Tai radio Telescope,QTT)的促动器需在-40~60℃范围内满足±15μm的精度要求。由于在无任何补偿的情况下,热误差可以达到约400μm,因此需要建立热误差模型,以预测促动器位移随温度的变化规律,并在此基础上进行位移主动控制补偿,从而保证促动器在给定温度下能满足定位精度的要求。首先,结合模型基本要求与显著性检验,从促动器上的16个温度测量点中优选出一个最适合模型建立的点;然后,采用灰色预测理论建立促动器的热误差模型;最后,根据实际情况对该模型进行修正。研究表明:创新地采用统计学与工程实践相结合的方式选取测温点,建立的热误差模型可以指导促动器的位移主动控制补偿,从而使促动器在要求的-40~60℃范围内达到±15μm±4μm的定位精度。     

一种用于卫星电视时间比对的秒脉冲信号提取器

为了获得稳定、可靠的卫星电视时间比对数据,成功研制了以秒信号提取器为主要部件的新一代卫星电视时间解调器。介绍了秒脉冲信号提取器的设计原理,详细阐述了钳位电路、采样保持电路和数字延迟电路的设计思路。对采用新的解调器和采用旧的解调器的卫星电视秒信号监测系统所得到的比对数据进行了分析,结果表明新的电视时间解码器的性能得到明显提高。     

FAST故障促动器快速拆换机构设计与研究

针对射电望远镜FAST促动器存在长期承受重载拉力、洼地使用、潮湿多雨、数量大、分布广、设计寿命长等维护不利条件,基于接口便于安装、加载安全可靠、拉杆地面调节、拆换销轴爬梯的设计要点,提出了一种故障促动器快速拆换机构方案,并对关键技术进行研究:包括上连杆开口非封闭C型结构强度、刚度及轻量化有限元分析,抗剪键组件运动控制计算。以上工作为后续快速拆换机构物理样机研制提供了设计方案、分析思路及计算方法,也对解决同类重型加载装置的拆换具有借鉴意义。     

大型射电望远镜主反射面调整方法研究

随着毫米波天文学和空间通信的重要性日益提高, 对天线性能提出了越来越高的要求, 而天线性能往往受到其反射器表面精度的限制. 微波全息技术是一种快速有效的检测反射面天线表面轮廓的测量技术. 通过微波全息测量得到天线口径场, 计算天马65m射电望远镜反射面与理想抛物面的偏差. 天马65m射电望远镜的主反射面板是放射状的, 有14圈. 面板的每个角都固定在面板下方促动器的螺栓上进行上下移动, 且相邻面板交点处的拐角共用一个促动器. 采用平面拟合的方法可以计算各块面板拐角处的调整值, 但是同一个促动器会得到4个不同的调整量. 通过平面拟合, 同时以天线照明函数为权重的平差计算方法得到相邻面板拐角的一个平差值, 即天马65m射电望远镜1104个促动器的最佳调整值. 通过多次调整和新算法的应用, 天马65m射电望远镜反射面的面形精度逐渐提高到了0.24mm.     

Acceleration of Numerical Integration of the Equations of Motion of Asteroids

Solar System Research - Finding and studying possible collisions of asteroids approaching the Earth requires a significant amount of computation. This paper describes the R0 program created to...     

Observations of the intensity of the penumbra of sunspots

Observations of the penumbral intensity of sunspots in 13 wavelength regions are presented. In 4 wavelength regions 54 sunspots are measured. In the other wavelength regions the number of sunspots considered ranges from 3–19.The penumbral intensity alters with position within the spot. This intensity variation is found to be comparable with the change in intensity from one spot to another. The penumbral intensity is found to be independent of spot size in the sample considered.The penumbra model of Kjeldseth Moe and Maltby (1969) with = 0.055 is supported by the measurements.     

Equation of state and anisotropy of pressure of magnetars

Magnetars are the neutron stars with the highest magnetic fields up to 10¹⁵–10¹⁶ G. It has been proposed that they are also responsible for a variety of extra-galactic phenomena, ranging from giant flares in nearby galaxies to fast radio bursts. Utilizing a relativistic mean field model and a variable magnetic field configuration, we investigate the effects of strong magnetic fields on the equation of state and anisotropy of pressure of magnetars. It is found that the mass and radius of low-mass magnetars are weakly enhanced under the action of the strong magnetic field, and the anisotropy of pressure can be ignored. Unlike other previous investigations, the magnetic field is unable to violate the mass limit of the neutron stars.     

A survey of orbits of co-orbitals of Mars

Many asteroids with a semimajor axis close to that of Mars have been discovered in the last several years. Potentially some of these could be in 1:1 resonance with Mars, much as are the classic Trojan asteroids with Jupiter, and its lesser-known horseshoe companions with Earth. In the 1990s, two Trojan companions of Mars, 5261 Eureka and 1998 VF₃₁, were discovered, librating about the L₅ Lagrange point, 60° behind Mars in its orbit. Although several other potential Mars Trojans have been identified, our orbital calculations show only one other known asteroid, 1999 UJ₇, to be a Trojan, associated with the L₄ Lagrange point, 60° ahead of Mars in its orbit. We further find that asteroid 36017 (1999 ND₄₃) is a horseshoe librator, alternating with periods of Trojan motion. This asteroid makes repeated close approaches to Earth and has a chaotic orbit whose behavior can be confidently predicted for less than 3000 years. We identify two objects, 2001 HW₁₅ and 2000 TG₂, within the resonant region capable of undergoing what we designate “circulation transition”, in which objects can pass between circulation outside the orbit of Mars and circulation inside it, or vice versa. The eccentricity of the orbit of Mars appears to play an important role in circulation transition and in horseshoe motion. Based on the orbits and on spectroscopic data, the Trojan asteroids of Mars may be primordial bodies, while some co-orbital bodies may be in a temporary state of motion.     

Graphical representation of periodic motion of the line of nodes of the Moon

In the text-books of astronomy, sections generally related to the Moon deal with the orbital elements of the Earth-Moon system such asa, e, i, , and the time of perigee passage. While the MEAN of the first of the three elements do not vary, mean longitude of the ascending node-mean longitude of the lunar perigee and the time of perigee passage undergoes secular as well as periodic changes due predominantly to the action of the Sun's gravitational attraction. While to a certain degree, explanations related to the calculation of the lunar orbit parameters are given, not a single graphical representation of these short- or long-periodic changes are presented. We allow the number of data related to these periodic changes must cover a large span of time; and if regression of the line of nodes or advances of the line of apses are to be graphically seen, data covering 18.61 and 8.85 yr, respectively, are needed. In this work we particularly aim at the graphical representation of the periodic changes of the line of nodes.