基于ITRF96和ITRF97的全球板块运动模型

利用国际地球自转服务(IERS)发布的国际地球参考架ITRF96和ITRF97的水平运动,分别建立了完全基于现代空间大地测量实测结果的新的现今全球板块运动模型．研究表明,ITRF96和ITRF97与协议地球参考架(CTRF)的无整体旋转(NNRNo-Net-Rota-tion)的定义不符,都存在一个整体旋转．ITRF96参考架的旋转角速度约为0．11°／m．yr,旋转极位于N-4．13°,E89．3°;ITRF97的旋转角速度约为0．10°／m．yr,旋转极位于N-27．2°,E74．7°．这种不一致性对ITRF96和ITRF97的高精度应用和长期维持、地球自转参数的长期变化都将产生一定的影响。     

基于ITRF2000的全球板块运动模型

利用最新国际地球自转服务 (IERS)发表的国际地球参考架ITRF2 0 0 0速度场 ,建立一个完全基于现代空间大地测量实测结果的现今全球板块运动模型ITRF2 0 0 0VEL。板块的总角动量 |L| =0 .12 7sr M·a-1,即ITRF2 0 0 0不满足无整体旋转的要求 ,与协议地球参考架CTRF定义不符 ,存在整体性旋转     

轨道积分中参考架运动的惯性力计算

在Ｊ２０００．０平赤道参考架,真赤道参考架,Ｊ２０００．０平春分点和真赤道的轨道参考架中积分卫星运动微分方程时,考虑了参考架运动产生的惯性力,在运动方程的右函数中加上参考架运动的惯性力后做数值积分计算。     

弧长差法推算天球参考架的局部形变

本文简述了弧长差推算天球参考架局部形变的基本原理，并以国际地球自转服务三个最新版本的河外射电源表为例进行具体分析，结果表明目前国际地球自转服务的天球参考架在部分天区存在毫角秒量级的相对形变，文章简要分析了产生形变的原因。     

并置VLBI站的相对形变及其与全球解结果的比较

基于ITRF2000地球参考架的三维VLBI站速度矢量和NNR-NUVEL-1A地球板块运动模型，采用观测的VLBI基线长变化率作为约束，估计和讨论了全球6个并置VLBI站的局部或区域性地壳的相对形变，并与国际地球参考架ITRFs解和VLBI全球解glb2003以及VTRF2003的结果进行了比较．结果表明日本Kashima与Kashim34VLBI站之间，美国GREENBANK的NRAO20与NRAO85-3站之间可能存在每年约近4毫米的相对垂直形变；WESTFORD与HAYSTACK二站间每年近2毫米的垂直形变率差基本可得到肯定，KOKEE和KAUAI二站的垂直形变率约有每年1至3毫米的差．利用如下方法能较可靠地检测出并置VLBI站间的局部或区域性的地壳垂直形变，改进ITRF解的可能不足．     

1988年至1995年IERS天球参考架的指向维持

本文分析了１９９２年至１９９５年期间国际地球自转服务天球参考架的指向维持情况，结合１９８８年至１９９２年的指向维持情况指出，该参考架在１９８８年至１９９５年期间历年的指向均存在显著变化，赤经零点和天极的最大年度漂移约为０．４ｍａｓ。至１９９５年，ＩＥＲＳ天球参考架的赤经零点和天极与各自预期位置的偏差不于０．４ｍａｓ。     

最新规范的参考系及有关问题

在简要阐明参考系、参考架及其历史重大进程的基础上,对几种重要的、最新规范的参考系/参考架(质心天球参考系和地心天球参考系、国际天球参考系、国际地球参考系、太阳系动力学参考系等)的定义、实现和特点作了评述和分析,并对最新规范中与参考系、参考架有关的某些新概念的定义和新模式的应用(自2003年开始贯彻),如:天球中介极(CIP)、天球历书原点(CEO)、地球历书原点(TEO)、地球自转角的新定义、岁差-章动新模式的应用,作了阐述和讨论。     

分析昆明GPS站相对欧亚板块的运动

利用国际联测和综合处理 ,得到昆明GPS站地壳形变速率每年以( -4 .3± 0 .5)mm下沉趋势 ,水平分别以 3 7.5mm ,方位 1 47°± 1 .°5运动。利用最新国际地球自转服务 (IERS)发布的国际地球参考架ITRF2 0 0 0速度场 ,建立最新反映全球板块模型 ,基于最新的ITRF2 0 0 0地球参考架和欧亚板块的欧拉矢量 ,估计得到昆明站的地壳垂直形变速率为每年 -0 .0 1mm呈下降趋势 ,水平形变速率为每年 ( 8.1± 0 .2 0 )mm ,方位 1 3 7°± 1 .°5;并进一步分别基于几百万年地质地磁模型NNR -NUVEL1A和ITRF96、ITRF97模型的欧亚板块的欧拉矢量 ,得到较一致的结果 ,说明全球板块运动稳定性与模型的可靠性。本文基于不同板块模型分析了昆明GPS站相对于欧亚板块运动     

基于SLRF2005全球板块运动参数的求解

基于由卫星激光测距(Satellite Laser Ranging,SLR)资料建立的国际地球参考架SLRF2005,利用SLR测站的坐标和速度场解算了全球5大板块的运动参数,并与地质模型NNR-NUVEL-1A作比较和分析,结果表明基于现代空间测量技术的欧拉极与地质模型基本一致,说明近几百万年板块的运动是稳定的,同时数据显示两者之间仍存在一定差异。     

1988年至1995年IERS天球参考架的指向维持

本文分析了１９９２年至１９９５年期间国际地球自转服务（ＩＥＲＳ）天球参考架的指向维持情况，结合１９８８年至１９９２年的指向维持情况指出，该参考架在１９８８年至１９９５年期间历年的指向均存在显著变化，赤经零点和天极的最大年度漂移约为０．４ｍａｓ。至１９９５年，ＩＥＲＳ天球参考架的赤经零点和天极与各自预期位置的偏差不于０．４ｍａｓ。１９９４年和１９９５年的ＩＥＲＳ天球参考架基本上维持了１９９３年的ＩＥＲＳ天球参考指向，但是其实际维持精度约为０．０５ｍａｓ，并非０．００５ｍａｓ。０．００５ｍａｓ的维持精度只是数学上的平均效果，相当一部分基本源在相邻年度的ＩＥＲＳ天球参考架中的坐标差大于０．５ｍａｓ，这说明只有采用恰当的消除局部相对形变的方法，才能将天球参考架的指向真正维持在较高水平。     

Accurate Analytical Calculation of Effects of Rorations of the Central Planet on a Staellite's Orbit

Satellite orbital perturbations due to many rotations of the planet-fixed reference frame are calculated by a general analytical method. For the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) the effects of the Earth irregular rotation, precession, nutation, and polar motion are considered. Gravity coefficients of the Earth potential expansion are expressed in an inertial Celestial Reference Frame (CRF) as functions of the set of standard constant coefficients derived in the ITRF and of the rotation angles between the CRF and ITRF. The analytical motion theory uses time dependent gravity coefficients, and the Lagrange motion equations are integrated in the CRF, as it is done by numerical methods. Comparison of the proposed analytical method with a numerical one is presented. Motion of the ETALON-1 geodetic satellite perturbed by the geopotential (36*36) and by the full effects of the Earth irregular rotation, precession, nutation and polar motion is predicted. The r.m.s. difference between the satellite's coordinates calculated by both methods over a year interval is 2 cm. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

无先验基准方法在SLR资料处理中的应用

SLR（satellite Laser Ranging)资料处理一般来说总是由各SLR测站构成的从标框架里进行。为了克服在SLR资料处理过程中对坐标框架的重复定义，利用全球1999年1月到12月的LAGEOS-1的SLR资料以无先验基准方法解算EOP（Earth Orientation Parameters）和所有SLR站的坐标的试验。在SLR资料处理中用无先验基准方法与GPS（Glaobal Positioning System)的不太一样，由于SLR的资料不能把SLR观测站连结成非常牢固的空间多面体（GPS的资料在每一瞬间可以拟测站联成一完整的空间多面体），因此需要加一些约束，以避免法方程出现秩亏。解得的测站从标用7参数转换到ITRF97坐标系，rms为1.3cm。EOP与IERS的eopc04序列相比，Xp、Yp、的rms分别为0.37mas、0.30mas，LOD（Length Of Day)的rmas为0.019ms。     

Fundamental physics and absolute positioning metrology with the MAGIA lunar orbiter

MAGIA is a mission approved by the Italian Space Agency (ASI) for Phase A study. Using a single large-diameter laser retroreflector, a large laser retroreflector array and an atomic clock onboard MAGIA we propose to perform several fundamental physics and absolute positioning metrology experiments: VESPUCCI, an improved test of the gravitational redshift in the Earth?CMoon system predicted by General Relativity; MoonLIGHT-P, a precursor test of a second generation Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR) payload for precision gravity and lunar science measurements under development for NASA, ASI and robotic missions of the proposed International Lunar Network (ILN); Selenocenter (the center of mass of the Moon), the determination of the position of the Moon center of mass with respect to the International Terrestrial Reference Frame/System (ITRF/ITRS); this will be compared to the one from Apollo and Lunokhod retroreflectors on the surface; MapRef, the absolute referencing of MAGIA??s lunar altimetry, gravity and geochemical maps with respect to the ITRF/ITRS. The absolute positioning of MAGIA will be achieved thanks to: (1) the laboratory characterization of the retroreflector performance at INFN-LNF; (2) the precision tracking by the International Laser Ranging Service (ILRS), which gives two fundamental contributions to the ITRF/ITRS, i.e. the metrological definition of the geocenter (the Earth center of mass) and of the scale of length; (3) the radio science and accelerometer payloads; (4) support by the ASI Space Geodesy Center in Matera, Italy. Future ILN geodetic nodes equipped with MoonLIGHT and the Apollo/Lunokhod retroreflectors will become the first realization of the International Moon Reference Frame (IMRF), the lunar analog of the ITRF.     

Some results of geodetic referring of the radio telescope and SLR stations to GPS markers in the Crimean geodynamical test area Simeiz-Katsyveli

Positions of space-geodetic instruments are calculated in the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF2000) by referring the instrument reference points to the local geodetic network and GPS markers. The eccentricities of the SLR stations CrAO and CLO and the permanent GPS station CrAO with respect to the reference point of the radio telescope RT-22 are determined. The local relative deformations of the Earth’s surface are presented as shifts of the instrument reference points with respect to the nearest points of the local geodetic network and with respect to each other.     

以基线长度变化率为约束估算VLBI站的垂直形变率

基于NNR-NUVEL-1A地球板块运动模型和ITRF2000地球参考架的三维VLBI站速度矢量,采用实测的VLBI基线长度变化率作为约束,重新估计了部分国际VLBI站的局部或区域性地壳的垂直形变,并与国际地球参考架ITRFs解和VLBI全球解GLB2003,VTRF2003和VTRF2005的结果进行了比较。结果表明,欧亚板块的URUMQI站和太平洋板块的KWAJAL26站,南极OHIGGINS站的垂直形变率、ITRFs解和VLBI全球解存在6-15mm/a的差异,北美YUMA站可能有15-31mm/a 的垂直形变率,而美国西部太平洋板块的San Francisco(PRESIDIO)站的垂直形变率还有待进一步的研究。此外,SC-VLBA,CRIMEA和EFLSBERG站的垂直形变率、ITRFs解和VLBI全球解的差约为1-6mm/a。用不同方法得到的VLBI站的水平形变率解有较好的一致性。     

Weekly inter-technique combination of SLR,VLBI,GPS and DORIS at the solution level

Constructing and maintaining a stable terrestrial reference frame(TRF) is one of the key objectives of fundamental astronomy and geodesy. The datum realization for all the global TRF versions,such as ITRF2014 and its predecessor ITRF2008, assumes linear time evolution for transformation parameters and then imposes some conditions on these Helmert transformation parameters. In this paper,we investigate a new approach, which is based on weekly estimation of station positions and Helmert transformation parameters from a combination of the solutions of four space-geodetic techniques, i.e.,Satellite Laser Ranging(SLR), Very Long Baseline Interferometry(VLBI), Global Positioning System(GPS) and Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite(DORIS). For this study,an interval of one week is chosen because the arc length of the SLR solutions is seven days. The major advantage of this weekly estimated reference frame is that both the non-linear station motions and the non-linear origin motion are implicitly taken into account. In order to study the non-linear behavior of station motions and physical parameters, ITRF2008 is used as a reference. As for datum definition of weekly reference frame, on one hand SLR is the unique technique to realize the origin and determine the scale together with VLBI, and on the other hand the orientation is realized via no net rotation with respect to ITRF2005 on a subset of core stations. Given the fact that without enough collocations an inter-technique combined TRF could not exist, the selection and relative weight of local ties surveyed at co-location sites are critical issues. To get stable results, we first assume that, if there were no events such as equipment changes between the measurement epoch of the local tie and that of the spacegeodetic solution, the relative position between the two co-located stations should be invariant and this local tie could be used for computing the inter-technique combined reference frame in those weeks during the stable period of this tie. The resulting time series of both station positions and transformation parameters are studied in detail and are compared with ITRF2008. The residual station positions in the weekly combined reference frame are usually in the range of two millimeters without any periodic characteristic, but the residual station positions, when subtracting the regularized station position in ITRF2008, may reach a magnitude of a few centimeters and seem to have a significant annual signal.The physical parameter series between the weekly reference frame and ITRF2008 also show the obvious existence of an annual signal and reach a magnitude of one centimeter for origin motion and two parts per billion(ppb) for scale.     

乌鲁木齐天文站南山GPS跟踪站的地心坐标精确测定

利用GAMIT软件 ,采用有基准算法对乌鲁木齐南山观测基地新建GPS跟踪站GUAO的观测资料进行了归算 ,结果表明该站观测资料的质量是可靠的 ,并首次获得了该站在ITRF2 0 0 0中毫米级精度的地心坐标     

Investigation of the positional instability of reference points for the Simeiz-Katziveli collocation station

We analyze the local geodetic ties between the VLBI, LLR, and GPS reference points of the Simeiz-Katziveli collocation station. The conclusion about the instability of this geodynamic test area is confirmed. We conclude that regular, with a period of 1–2.5 years, redeterminations of the local geodetic ties at this collocation station are necessary. A linear model of the time variation in the estimates of the local geodetic ties is constructed for this test area. The estimates of the local geodetic ties are compared with the differences between the corresponding coordinates of the reference points specified in ITRF2000. We conclude that there are systematic errors in ITRF2000 related to an incorrect determination of the velocities for the reference points of the collocation station with identical DOMES numbers. We suggest assigning different DOMES numbers to the reference points of unstable geodynamic test areas. The estimates of the local geodetic ties are compared with the differences between the corresponding coordinates of the reference points obtained from individual VLBI, LLR, and GPS solutions. These were found to be in disagreement.     

上海天文台新SLR站精密定位和归心测量

为使上海天文台新SLR站尽早投入全球SLR网的运行,根据中国SLR网的有关要求,对该站进行了精密定位和归心测量。测量中安置了特制的对中滑块设备,在小范围内采用三角测量的高差替代大地高差的近似,取得了较好的效果。测量结果表明:上海天文台新SLR站相对于上海IGS站归心测量精度可优于5 mm,由上海IGS站引得的点位精度可优于10 mm。