天马望远镜连续谱观测系统

天马望远镜是目前亚洲最大的全方位可转动的射电望远镜。连续谱观测对于天马望远镜具有重要意义。主要介绍天马望远镜连续谱观测系统的相关信息及其实现情况,包括:天马望远镜连续谱观测的过程、天马望远镜连续谱观测系统的硬件和软件系统的组成,以及连续谱观测系统的测试观测结果。在C波段6.5 GHz的观测结果表明:连续谱观测系统可实现单点观测和成图观测。修正后指向误差的平均值为2.2′′,均方根误差为4.3′′。目前该系统已用于天马望远镜的连续谱观测,取得了较好的结果,验证了系统的有效性。     

关于提高恒星三角视差测定精度的研究

利用佘山40cm折射望远镜拍摄的BD＋70°68、BD＋63°869和BD＋2°348三颗星的底片进行了视差解算，根据归算所得结果，对如何提高恒星三解视差测定值的精度和有关观测、测量、归算中的一些具体问题进行了分析和讨论，这些问题包括观测历元的安排、时角的限制、露光量的掌握、参考星的选择、归算模型的确定等。并且，本文还初步估计了上海天文台1.56m反射望远镜测定恒星三角视差可能达到的外部精度。     

德令哈13.7m望远镜重力变形研究

借助于数字摄影测量结果调整天线面板,使德令哈13.7 m望远镜在仰角52°时获得最佳反射面面形,从而使天线效率在观测仰角范围内得到整体优化.与之前基于经纬仪测量的面板调整结果相比,天线口径效率提高约1倍.依据不同俯仰姿态下的测量结果,得到了天线的重力变形模型,包括副面偏移和倾斜、主面焦距和面形偏差随仰角变化的规律.根据不同仰角的面形偏差测量数据反演反射面重力变形模型时,采用了数据拟合方法,这样可以减小测量误差对模型精度的影响.     

1.2m地平式望远镜伺服控制和传动系统的特性--单点和多点摩擦传动的力学特性(一)

根据云南天文台1.2m地平式望远镜对近地卫星激光测距要求,以及对摩擦传动原理的分析和实际检测的结果,详细讨论了1.2m望远镜单点及多点摩擦传动的力学特性,以及由这些特性所决定的传动参数.得到在两点摩擦传动时,望远镜能够达到的方位最大角加速度为10°/s2 ,方位最大角速度5°/s,满足跟踪近地卫星的要求.     

近地天体望远镜增加卡氏内氏焦点的可行性研究

近地天体望远镜是巡天望远镜, 具有短焦距、大视场、低空间分辨率的光学特点. 望远镜只有一个主焦点, 焦距1.8 m, 底片比例9um/'', 像斑几何能量集中度EE80 ≤2''(像斑环绕能量的80%,即80% encircled energy, 记为EE80), 有效视场直径为4.28-°(14.3deg2), 目前配10k times 10k的STA1600LN CCD (charge-coupled device) camera, 观测视场为9deg2. 通过光学系统设计, 在原光学系统上增加副镜及场改正镜, 获得了焦距9m的卡氏焦点和内氏焦点，底片比例43.6 um /"，在直径15''的可用视场内，像斑EE80≤0.5",为近地天体望远镜实现多终端观测提供了理论依据.     

采用光学指向系统建立天马13m望远镜指向模型

描述了采用光学望远镜辅助天马13m射电望远镜进行指向测量以及建立指向误差修正模型的方法. 对于小口径望远镜, 指向校准目标源比较少, 用射电法建立指向模型难以覆盖全天区. 利用上海天文台天马13m射 电望远镜进行光学望远镜辅助射电望远镜指向测量研究, 在13m天线背架上安装一套光学指向系统, 获得了优 于3''的重复测量误差. 此外, 通过对影响天线指向因素的分析, 建立了包含8个误差项的指向误差修正模型以及 光轴和电轴偏差模型. 将指向模型代入天线伺服控制系统, 对校准目标射电源进行十字扫描, 得到指向样本残差约 为5''. 该研究可以为实现高精度指向建模提供一种参考方法.     

图像移位堆叠方法用于暗天然卫星的天体测量

暗弱天然卫星与主带小行星相比,具有亮度低、速度变化快的特点.在观测这类天体时,不能简单地延长曝光时间来提高其信噪比.尝试观测多幅短曝光的CCD (chargecoupled device)图像,采用移位堆叠(shift-and-add)方法,希望提高目标成像的信噪比,获得暗弱天然卫星的精确测量结果.使用2018年4月9—12日夜间,中国科学院云南天文台1 m望远镜(1 m望远镜)拍摄的木星5颗暗卫星的229幅CCD图像,实施了移位堆叠试验.为了验证结果的正确性,与相近日期中国科学院云南天文台2.4 m望远镜(2.4 m望远镜)观测的相同木卫图像的测量结果进行了比较和分析.位置归算采用了JPL (Jet Propulsion Laboratory)历表.结果表明,对CCD图像使用移位堆叠方法,通过叠加约10幅曝光时间100 s的图像, 1 m望远镜能观测暗至19等星的不规则天然卫星,而且测量的准确度与2.4 m望远镜的测量结果有良好的一致性.     

太阳光谱望远镜的Stokes光谱测量

中国科学院云南天文台"太阳Stokes光谱观测与理论研究”团组自进入国家天文观测中心以来,经过一年多的努力,对50cm太阳光谱望远镜原偏振测量部分进行了彻底改造,由原来的D.C.调制改为A.C.调制,且增加了偏振测量校正系统.其机械,电控设计和加工于2000年2月完成,3月完成了光学调试,4月上旬完成了偏振解调和图像处理的软件编制.自2000年4月下旬以来,对23周峰年出现的部分活动区进行了较为成功的斯托克斯光谱测量,其偏振测量精度可达2×10-3,已接近国际水平,为该团组开展的课题研究打下了良好的基础.以此望远镜与怀柔观测基地太阳磁场望远镜相配合,将使我国太阳矢量磁场和速度场的研究更上一个台阶.给出了偏振测量的具体方法和部分测量结果.尽管取得了以上的成绩,但在近期内将对该偏振测量方式作进一步改进,用双光束分析代替单光束分析,使偏振测量精度提高到5×10-4,从而使之不仅能在活动区而且也能在宁静区得到矢量磁场的信息,不仅如此,还可对太阳第二光谱进行测量,提高我们依托该望远镜进行研究的广度和深度.     

2006年3月29日日全食白光日冕偏振测量

报告了在埃及赛路姆观测到的2006年3月29日日全食白光偏振测量的基本结果.我们使用的是一架便携式反射望远镜,焦距为640mm(F/D=8).在物镜前方安置可旋转线偏振片,每次旋转角度45°,终端为尼康数码相机.观测过程中,改变曝光时间并旋转偏振片,总共获取20张数码照片.文中讨论并呈现了介于 1.3 R⊙＜r ＜3.0 R⊙范围内的白光偏振方向和偏振度的大小分布.     

LAMOST望远镜的大气色散校正

大气折射与大气色散会影响大视场多目标光纤光谱观测的质量和效率.一个焦距为20m,焦比为F5、位于北纬40.4°的LAMOST望远镜在中天和中天前后0.75小时产生的色散值,用模拟计算得到结果,并用数值计算得到验证.对校正色散可能用的几种色散棱镜进行了计算分析比较,确定了色散棱镜的型式,并分析了色散棱镜的二级光谱以及色散棱镜在望远镜跟踪过程中的残留色散,及色散棱镜的安装误差.     

Direct observations of bipolar outflow from HM sagittae

We observed HM Sagittae with theMulti-Element Radio Linked Interferometer Network (MERLIN) at 6 cm and 18cm. We find non-thermal bipolar outflow in the eastwest direction, associated with optical emission lines, and thermal ridges to the north and south associated with the UV nebulosity detected by the HST.     

Observations of the microwave emission of Venus from 1.3 to 3.6 cm

Laboratory measurements of Steffes (1986) have suggested that the intensity and shape of the microwave spectrum of Venus might be especially sensitive to the subcloud abundance of constituents such as SO2 and gaseous H2SO4. It was likewise suggested that some variations of the shape of the emission spectrum might occur between 1.5 and 3 cm (10 to 20 GHz), a wavelength range which had previously only been sparsely observed. As a result, coordinated observations of Venus emission were conducted at four wavelengths between 1.35 cm (22.2 GHz) and 3.6 cm (8.42 GHz) using the 43-m NRAO antenna at Green Bank, West Virginia, and the 64-m antenna at NASA's Deep Space Communication Complex, Goldstone, California. In this paper, we report the methodology and results of these observations, and compare the results with other observations and with calculated emission spectra. We conclude that the observed emission spectrum is consistent with an average subcloud abundance of gaseous H2SO4 in equatorial and midlatitude regions which is approximately 5 ppm. It is suggested that additional measurements of atmospheric microwave opacity be made with the Pioneer-Venus Orbiter Radio Occultation experiment to search for temporal and spatial variations in gaseous H2SO4 abundance in the Venus atmosphere. An upper limit for the subcloud abundance of SO2 is also determined.     

Identification of X-ray lines in the spectrum of the arcsec-scale precessing jets of SS 433

The extended X-ray emission observed at arcsec scales along the propagation trajectory of the precessing relativistic jets of the Galactic microquasar SS 433 features a broad emission line, with the position of the centroid being significantly different for the approaching and receding jets (≈7.3 and ≈6.4 keV, respectively). These observed line positions are at odds with the predictions of the kinematic model for any of the plausible bright spectral lines in this band, raising the question of their identification. Here we address this issue by taking into account time delays of the emission coming from the receding regions of the jets relative to that from the approaching ones, which cause a substantial phase shift and distortion of the predicted line positions for the extended (~10¹⁷ cm) emission compared to the X-ray and optical lines observed from the central source (emitted at distances ~10¹¹ and ~10¹⁵ cm, respectively). We demonstrate that the observed line positions are fully consistent with the Fe XXVI Lyα (E ₀ = 6.96 keV) line emerging from a region of size ~6 × 10¹⁶ cm along the jet. This supports the idea that intensive reheating of the jets up to temperatures >10 keV takes place at these distances, probably as a result of partial deceleration of the jets due to interaction with the surrounding medium, which might cause collisions between discrete dense blobs inside the jets.     

The spectrum of the slowly varying component of solar radio emission at wavelengths of 3.3 mm – 21 cm

The spectrum and diameter of the source of the S-component emission (McMath Plage No. 244) observed on March 4, 1968 has been investigated at 3.3 mm, 4.3 mm, 8.5 mm, 2 cm, 9.1 cm, 21 cm, and 43 cm wavelengths.On leave of absence from the Astronomical Institute of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Observatory Ondfejov, Czechoslovakia.Operated by Associated Universities, Inc., under contract with the National Science Foundation.     

A model for active region emission at centimeter wavelengths

We present multi-frequency observations and model computations of the microwave emission of a solar active region. The radio observations were obtained with the RATAN-600 at several wavelengths between 0.8 and 31.6 cm and with the VLA at 6 and 20 cm. The active region was also observed in the EUV O Iv lines by the HRTS instrument aboard the Space Shuttle Spacelab-2 mission. These lines are formed in the chromosphere-corona transition region and their intensity ratio is sensitive to pressure. Photospheric magnetograms provided both the longitudinal and the transverse component of the magnetic field. The microwave observations were checked against model computations taking into account both the free-free and the gyro-resonance emission mechanisms and using the pressure data from the O IV lines. The magnetic field was computed through constant- force-free extrapolations of the longitudinal photospheric field. We computed both the flux from 2 to 20 cm and the spatial structure of the microwave emission at 6 and 20 cm. The comparison of the computed and observed flux spectra allowed us to estimate the magnetic field strength at the base of the transition region and in the low corona, as well as the values of the conductive flux and the height of the base of the transition region. The model maps at 6 cm and 20 cm showed that was not constant above the active region; the same conclusion was reached on the basis of the photospheric observations. The use of pressure measurements allowed us to identify microwave structures which were determined by pressure enhancements. At 6 cm the computations confirmed the fact that the magnetic field is the principal factor that determines the structure of sunspot-associated sources and showed that the effect of pressure variations was small. Pressure variations were more important at 20 cm, where the peak of the emission was associated with the sunspot and a diffuse component was associated with the plage which had an average pressure higher by a factor of 1.54 than the sunspot.     

Hydroxyl lines towards Puppis A

The 1667-MHz ground-state hydroxyl (OH) line has been observed towards positions on Puppis A as well as in the immediate vicinity of this supernova remnant (SNR). The spectra at two positions on Puppis A show absorption lines at velocities less than +7.6 km s¹, and emission lines above this velocity. Analysis of all four 18 cm OH lines indicates that Puppis A must lie between the OH clouds seen in absorption and emission, giving it a v _lsr of +7.6 km s¹. This implies that the kinematic distance to Puppis A is The OH clouds in front of Puppis A are slightly anomalously excited, as shown by analysis of the four 18 cm OH lines at the two observed positions on Puppis A. There is no evidence of any interaction of the SNR with the clouds in front of and behind it.     

The circumstellar disc around the Herbig AeBe star HD169142

We present 7 mm and 3.5 cm wavelength continuum observations towards the Herbig AeBe star HD169142 performed with the Very Large Array (VLA) with an angular resolution of ≃1 arcsec. We find that this object exhibits strong (≃4.4 mJy), unresolved (≲1 arcsec) 7 mm continuum emission, being one of the brightest isolated Herbig AeBe stars ever detected with the VLA at this wavelength. No emission is detected at 3.5 cm continuum, with a 3σ upper limit of ≃0.08 mJy. From these values, we obtain a spectral index α≳ 2.5 in the 3.5 cm to 7 mm wavelength range, indicating that the observed flux density at 7 mm is most likely dominated by thermal dust emission coming from a circumstellar disc. We use available photometric data from the literature to model the spectral energy distribution (SED) of this object from radio to near-ultraviolet frequencies. The observed SED can be understood in terms of an irradiated accretion disc with low mass accretion rate,     , surrounding a star with an age of ≃10 Myr. We infer that the mass of the disc is ≃0.04 M_⊙, and is populated by dust grains that have grown to a maximum size of 1 mm everywhere, consistent with the lack of silicate 10 μm emission. These features, as well as indications of settling in the wall at the dust destruction radius, led us to speculate that the disc of HD169142 is in an advanced stage of dust evolution, particularly in its inner regions.     

Solar eclipse observations of a magnetic loop structure at 2, 3.2, 8.2 and 21 cm

During the total eclipse of 1980 February 16, eclipse slope curves at 2, 3.2, 8.2 and 21 cm were obtained as the Moon occulted an active region with a bipolar sunspot group. From the peaks in these curves and the heights of the effective emission layers, the cores of the radio sources at the four wavelengths are located. Connecting these sites gives a magnetic loop structure. Relations between the locations, sizes, fluxes of the radio sources and the intensities, extensions, sizes and shapes of the bipolar sunspot field are analysed. The result at 8.2 cm is similar to the loop structure observed with the VLA at 6 cm. The radio flux spectrum shows that the gyro-radiation dominates over the thermal bremsstrahlung in this active region.     

A coronal hole observed at 10.7 GHz with a large single dish

On July 24, 1973, a coronal hole was observed at 10.69 GHz (2.8 cm) with the Bonn 100-m telescope. The difference of the brightness temperature between outside and inside the hole was about 400 to 500 K. It is shown that this lack of emission can be explained by usually adopted values of the electron density at the bottom of the corona.     

Comparison of the 9.1cm and soft X-ray emission from an active region

Thermal bremsstrahlung from the X-ray observed plasma accounts for most of the observed 9.1 cm emission from McMath 12336, an old, spotless active region, on June 2, 1973. This implies that only a small fraction of the emission measure within the active region is in the range around 10⁶ K and below.