适用于壳幔混合物源成因花岗岩中暗色微粒包体的单斜辉石压力计

花岗岩的壳幔混合物源成因及花岗岩中暗色微粒包体的成因信息是地质学关注的重要研究对象,但至今还没有适用于花岗岩中暗色微粒包体这种基性矿物组合的压力计。依据Patino Douce模拟壳幔岩浆混合过程的试验岩石学研究资料,发现具有基性矿物组合的暗色微粒包体中单斜辉石的Na、Al含量与压力密切相关,得出了压力与单斜辉石中的Na2O含量、Al2O3含量、硬玉分子摩尔分数、契尔马克辉石分子摩尔分数、硬玉分子与契尔马克辉石分子摩尔分数之和的线性关系,以及压力与斜方辉石中Al2O3含量的线性关系,进而得出适用于壳幔混合物源成因花岗岩中暗色微粒包体的有效地质压力计。这一压力计为了解壳幔混合物源成因花岗岩浆形成的深度提供了研究手段。将地质压力计应用于西秦岭天水地区车河花岗岩体及其中的暗色微粒包体研究,对了解壳幔混合作用形成的花岗岩等深部地质问题具有重要意义。     

甘肃康县阳坝岩体岩石成因及壳-幔相互作用

出露于甘肃康县南部阳坝镇一带的阳坝岩体具有典型的岩浆混合特征,岩体中暗色微粒包体发育,主要类型为暗色细粒微粒闪长质及石英闪长质岩浆包体,岩浆包体与寄主岩石界限清晰。岩浆包体具淬火结构:角闪石呈长柱状,黑云母呈长条片状,磷灰石呈针状,包体中出现石英颗粒集合体及发育熔蚀环的斜长石捕虏晶。岩石学、地球化学研究表明,微粒闪长质包体的(La/Yb)N、Rb/Sr值都比寄主岩石高,且铕亏损程度更大,包体和寄主岩石的Mg#高(寄主岩石Mg#=50.8~54.5,暗色包体Mg#=55.6~60.1)。结合岩相学特征可以认为,暗色微粒包体可能是幔源的高温偏基性岩浆侵入到花岗闪长质岩浆中淬火结晶的产物,在此过程中,花岗质岩浆受到幔源物质混染,表明在中三叠世,扬子板块西北缘曾发生壳-幔混合作用。     

胶南地区伟德山超单元中闪长质包体的特征及岩浆成因

胶南地区伟德山超单元中有较多的微粒闪长质包体 ,对其结构、化学成分、稀土配分模式、同位素地质年龄等特征进行分析研究 ,并与寄主岩石进行对比 ,认为闪长质包体为液态不混溶成因 ,与寄主岩石准同时形成或包体形成略早 ;伟德山超单元由幔源基性岩浆和下地壳部分熔融的酸性岩浆经岩浆混合作用形成     

胶东地区早白垩世伟德山期花岗岩

伟德山期花岗岩代表了胶东地区中生代早白垩世晚期(110～123Ma)大规模岩浆事件,是中国东部中生代构造体制转换峰期事件产物;受区域构造控制,由二长闪长岩—二长岩—石英二长岩—花岗闪长岩—二长花岗岩类组成,斑晶发育,含大量的暗色闪长质微粒包体,以准铝质—弱过铝质的高钾钙碱性岩系为主,富集大离子亲石元素Rb、K、Ba,高场强元素U、Th, Nb、P、Ti元素亏损,Zr、Hf元素为正异常,具有高Ba-Sr花岗岩特征,为壳幔混合成因,壳源物质来源为新太古代TTG片麻岩及古元古代变质岩。该期花岗岩形成于岩浆弧构造环境,由于胶北地块与苏鲁造山带地壳结构差异,在岩石组合、地球化学特征及形成时代上略有差异,总体由西至东,年龄值逐渐变小,向偏碱性转变。     

东昆仑造山带东段大格勒花岗岩锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学特征及其构造意义

大格勒花岗岩是东昆仑弧岩浆岩的重要组成部分,对解译古特提斯演化具有重要意义。通过对东昆仑造山带东段大格勒地区出露的花岗岩进行详细的岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学与岩石地球化学研究,探讨其岩石成因和构造背景。结果表明:大格勒岩体岩石类型主体为灰白色中细粒块状花岗岩,岩体内发育大量的暗色闪长质包体;LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素定年结果显示花岗岩和暗色闪长质包体的结晶年龄分别为(261.0±2.8)Ma和(261.6±1.6)Ma;大格勒花岗岩主体呈准铝质—弱过铝质、中—高钾钙碱性系列,具有富集轻稀土元素,亏损重稀土元素,富集Rb、Th、U等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta等高场强元素特征,含有较低的Mg~#值和Nb/Ta值,为Ⅰ型花岗岩;闪长质包体为中钾钙碱性系列,富Fe、Mg、Ca、Ti等,具有较高的Mg~#值。岩石成因研究表明花岗岩为大陆下地壳基性岩部分熔融的产物,闪长质包体为镁铁质岩浆注入花岗岩快速冷凝的结果。结合区域资料认为,大格勒花岗岩形成于与布青山—阿尼玛卿洋向北俯冲相关的陆缘弧构造环境,进一步表明古特提斯洋于晚二叠世已向北俯冲于东昆北地块之下。     

龙游沐尘岩体中岩石包体的特征及成因

浙江龙游沐尘晚侏罗世石英二长岩体中包裹了大量暗色微细粒二长闪长质—辉长闪长质岩石包体，它们大小不一，形态各异，分布不均匀，以微细粒结构、具冷凝边构造并发育环斑长石为特征。应用岩浆动力学理论和岩相学、岩石地球化学研究表明，该岩体中的岩石包体是在层状岩浆房中不同成分岩浆大规模对流、不均一混合机制驱动下形成的，在成因类型上属淬冷包体。     

西秦岭糜署岭岩浆混合花岗岩地球化学特征及构造意义

西秦岭糜署岭岩体是壳幔岩浆混合的产物。从寄主岩石和基性端元暗色微细粒镁铁质包体的主要元素、稀土元素岩石地球化学研究入手，深入探讨了糜署岭岩体是壳源和幔源两类岩浆混合形成的混浆花岗岩，其岩石地球化学特征介于壳源和幔源两个端元之间并有显著的过渡特征，表明二者在岩浆侵位过程中发生过不同程度地物质成分交换。这对研究西秦岭中生代壳幔混合作用和地壳增生有重要意义。     

东昆仑中段白日其利岩体岩浆混合作用的初步研究

通过对岩体地质特征、暗色包体及Nd、Sr同位素资料研究表明:东昆仑中段中三叠世白日其利岩体是由壳幔岩浆不均一或不彻底多次混合作用形成的,岩体内部呈现出酸性、基性岩浆因混合程度和混合比例不同而形成复杂的岩体结构样式,其基性端元为混合不彻底而残留的辉长质岩石,酸性端元是受轻度混染的二长花岗岩,岩浆混合作用方式以就地混合为主,岩体形成于碰撞造山期后的构造环境。     

西秦岭造山带早中生代花岗岩成分多样性及形成机制

花岗质岩体产状及组成上的差异主要受控于源区性质和岩浆过程。以西秦岭造山带内几个代表性早中生代花岗岩为例,简要介绍其形成中所记录的岩浆过程,探讨花岗岩成分多样性的原因。西秦岭造山带内S型花岗岩是变泥质岩部分熔融的产物;根据地球化学特征可分为两类,即高Sr含量、低Rb/Sr值和稀土元素总含量的Group A,及低Sr含量、高Rb/Sr值和稀土元素总含量的Group B,其分别可由白云母水致熔融和脱水熔融形成。糜署岭岩体的暗色微粒包体中发育3类晶形和成分不同的锆石,其与寄主岩石的锆石具有一致的U-Pb年龄;其中,暗色微粒包体中的类型3锆石与寄主岩石中锆石具有一致的晶形和ε_Hf(t)值,捕获于寄主岩石,而类型1和类型2锆石具有较高的Th/U值和ε_Hf(t)值,结晶于混合程度不同的基性岩浆,其基性端元可能来自幔源岩浆;因此,糜署岭岩体的暗色微粒包体记录了壳-幔岩浆混合过程。中川岩体由形成时代没有明显差异的5个岩相呈同心环状产出;边部的似斑状花岗闪长岩被含斑中粒黑云母二长花岗岩侵入,中粒黑云母二长花岗岩被中粒电气石二云母花岗岩侵入,后者又被细粒黑云母二长...     

辽西南部中生代花岗岩的微晶闪长岩包体特征及其成因探讨

辽西南部中生代花岗岩类岩石中普遍含有微晶闪长岩包体。包体大小一般为3—20cm,形态为浑圆状、次浑圆状。包体与主岩之间界线呈清楚、或模糊弥散状。包体岩石类型主要为微晶—细粒黑云(或云辉)闪长岩、微晶—细粒(或云辉)二长闪长岩,均具微晶—细粒半自形粒状结构。通过对微晶闪长岩包体的岩石学、岩石化学及稀土元素、过渡元素和微量元素地球化学的研究,包体岩石与区内闪长岩和安山岩具有相似的成因特征和岩浆来源,即微晶闪长岩包体及其花岗岩主岩都具下地壳—上地幔部分熔融产生的安山质岩浆与温度较低的花岗质岩浆不完全混熔而成的特征。微晶闪长岩包体的存在,反映了花岗质岩浆中含有下地壳—上地幔的物质成分。为本区中生代花岗岩的壳幔混源成因提供了一个证据。     

Cloning, expressing, and hemolysis of tdh, trh and tlh genes of Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP) is one of the pathogenic vibrios endangering net-cage cultured Pseudosciaena crocea,Fennerpenaeus chinensis, and shellfish in coastal areas of China. Several types of hemolysins produced by Vp have been characterized as major virulence factors.They are thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH),TDH-related hemolysin (TRH) and thermolabile hemolysin (TLH). In this study, we cloned tdh, trh, and tlh genes from the genome DNA of VP by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).We ligated the three genes into prokaryotic expression vector pET-28a (+),and transformed the recombinant plasmids into Es-cherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The expression of recombinant proteins was induced by isopropyl-β-D-thiogalacto-pyranoside (IPTG). The recombinant proteins were expressed in a form of inclusion bodies and thus purified with Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. Western blotting results showed that recombinant proteins,TDH, TRH and TLH, could be recognized by rabbit anti-VP serum. The three purified proteins were renatured by gradient dialysis.The renatured proteins exhibited hemolytic activity except for TLH in the presence of phosphatidylcholine. These results not only are helpful for better understanding these genes’ functions under a single factor level, but also provide evidence for VP vaccine engineering.     

Plate subduction,oxygen fugacity,and mineralization

Plate subduction is the largest natural factory that processes elements, which controls recycling and mineralization of a variety of elements. There are three major ore deposit belts in the world: the circumPaci?c, the central Asian, and the Tethys belts. All the three belts are closely associated with plate subductions, the mechanism remains obscure. We approached this problem from systematic studies on the behaviours of elements during geologic processes. This contribution summaries the recent progress of our research group. Our results suggest that porphyry Cu deposits form through partial melting of subducted young oceanic crust under oxygen fugacities higher than ? FMQ ～+1.5, which is promoted after the elevation of atmospheric oxygen at ca. 550 Ma. Tin deposits are associated with reducing magmatic rocks formed as a consequence of slab rollback. The Neo-Tethys tectonic regime hosts more than 60% of the world's total Sn reserves. This is due to the reducing environment formed during the subduction of organic rich sediments. For the same reason, porphyry Cu deposits formed in the late stages during the closure of the Neo-Tethys Ocean. Tungsten deposits are also controlled by slab rollback, but is not so sensitive to oxygen fugacity. Subduction related W/Sn deposits are mostly accompanied by abundant accessory ?uorites due to the breakdown of phengite and apatite. Decomposition of phengite is also signi?cant for hard rock lithium deposits, whereas orogenic belt resulted from plate subduction promote the formation of Li brine deposits. Cretaceous red bed basins near the Nanling region are favorable for Li brines. Both Mo and Re are enriched in the oxidationreduction cycle during surface processes, and may get further enriched once Mo-, Re-enriched sediments are subducted and involved in magmatism. During plate subduction, Mo and Re fractionate from each other. Molybdenum is mainly hosted in porphyry Mo deposits and to a less extent, porphyry Cu-Mo deposits, whereas Re is predominantly hosted in porphyry Cu-Mo deposits and sedimentary sul?de deposits.     

GEOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF Fe,Mn,Co,As,Cr,Sb,Zn,Sc AND V IN SURFACE SEDIMENTS FROM JIAOZHOU BAY

The contents of nearly forty-elements in surface sediments in Jiaozhou Bay were determined using a Neutron Activation Analysis Technique(Grancini,et al.,1976;Li Peiquan et al.,1985,1986;Li Xiuxia etal.,1986).This paper's detailed discussion on only nine elements(Fe,Mn,Co,Cr,Sc,As,Sb,Zn andV)includes their distributions,concentrations,correlationships,material sources,background,etc.Based on Zavaristski's classification method,Fe,Mn,Co Cr and V belong to the second group;As and Sb to theeighth groups:Sc and Zn to the third and sixth groups.It was found that their notably good correla-tionship is mainly due to the similarity of their ionic structures and that their variation is controlled by theFe content(except Mn).The source of sediments is mainly terristrial material,and the composition ofsediment is similar to that of shale and shale+clay.The contents for a large number of ele-ments are within the scope of the background level,but there still is pollution of Zn and Cr,at least in a few stations.     

Porosity, Dispersivity, and Contaminant Transport in Groundwater

Porosity (n) and Dispersivity (D) were modeled in relation to Solute Transport Time (t) in a saturated, homogeneous, isotropic, unconfined aquifer using the MOC model. It was noted that n and D have an important influence on solute transport time t in groundwater, with a consistently strong and direct relationship between n, D, and t. In the case of porosity, the relationship was found to be directly related to t when other aquifer properties remained unchanged. This was also mathematically argued using a form of the flow equation put forward by Henry Darcy (1856). Dispersivity on the other hand had somehow the same relationship with solute transport time t as porosity, but with much less effect. That is, higher dispersions lead to longer solute transport time within the aquifer system. This was because as the individual solute particles set off from the average seepage velocity, they traversed through longer distances due to tortuosity, mechanical mixing, diffusion, and microscopic heterogeneity latent in the porous media. Also when n and D were co- treated over t, n was noted to be dominant over D with regard t. This follows that the effect of porosity on solute transport time far out shadowed that of dispersivity. Stated in other words, the dispersivity of a substance in any porous medium is to a large extent a function of the porosity of that medium.     

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FRACTIONATIONS OF Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn AND Ni AND SOIL PROPERTIES IN URBAN SOILS OF CHANGCHUN, CHINA

1IN T R O D U C T IO N With therapiddevelopment of urbanizatio,nurban land was exploitedand utilizetdoform differendtomains be- ing subjectto many potentialpollutionsourcessuch as vehicleemission, industrialactivitieasnd household garbage.Particularl, yur…     

Effects of small peptides,probiotics, prebiotics,and synbiotics on growth performance,digestive enzymes,and oxidative stress in orange-spotted grouper,Epinephelus coioides,juveniles reared in artificial seawater

Aquaculture production efficiency may increase by using feed additives. This study investigated the effects of different dietary additives [w/w: 2% small peptides, 0.01% probiotics( Bacillus licheniformis) and 0.2% prebiotics(inulin)] on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, and oxidative stress in juvenile Epinephelus coioides reared in artificial seawater of two salt concentrations(13.5 vs. 28.5). Weight gain rate was significantly higher in fish fed the diet supplemented with small peptides, B. licheniformis, inulin, or synbiotics than that in fish fed the basal diet; the greatest weight gain rate was found in fish fed the small peptide treatment [56.0% higher than basal diet]. Higher feed efficiency was detected in fish fed the diet supplemented with small peptides than that of fish in the other dietary treatments. Total protease activity in the stomach and intestines was highest in fish fed the small peptide-treated diet, whereas lipase activity was highest in those fed synbiotics(combination of Bacillus licheniformis and inulin) than that in fish fed the other treatments. Antioxidant enzyme(total superoxide dismutase and catalase) activities and hepatic malondialdehyde content were higher in fish receiving the dietary supplements and maintained in artificial seawater containing 13.5 salinity compared with those in the control(28.5). Hepatic catalase activity in grouper fed the diets with small peptides or synbiotics decreased significantly compared with that in control fish. Overall, the three types of additives improved growth rate of juvenile grouper and digestive enzymes activities to varying degrees but did not effectively improve antioxidant capacity under low-salinity stress conditions.     

Requirements of shrimp,Penaeus chinensis O'sbeck for potassium,sodium, magnesium and iodine

Potassium, sodium, magnesium and iodine requirements of shrimp,Penaeus chinensis were studied. Orthogonal design was employed in this experiment. The composition of the basal diet consisted of fish meal, peanut cake, corn meal, soybean cake, wheat bran, vitamin mix and mineral mix, and supplementations of potassium, sodium, magnesium and iodine in the basal diet were made according to the L₉(3⁴) orthogonal table. The results indicated that iodine supplementation improved growth of the shrimp significantly and raised survival very significantly, iodine requirement of the shrimp was 0.003%; sodium requirement was 0.87% or less; and that 1.1–1.3% potassium and 0.18–0.38% magnesium in the diet were proper nutrition supplements for the shrimp. Contribution No. 2342 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.