一个浅水波方程的Semi—Lagrangian—半隐式格式试验方案

在正形投影坐标系下,半拉格朗日法与半隐式法相结合积分浅水波方程导出的模式,用一小时的时间步长,是无条件稳定。我们作了一个60小时的实例时间积分,计算稳定。半隐式积分格式导致求解一个赫姆霍茨方程,为比较其高低精度的优劣,我们提出在空间上用二阶精度和四阶精度解赫姆霍茨方程的超松驰法,同时,作了有无地形的试验。应该注意列,半拉格朗日法含有大量的插值,因而,在每一步时间步长里此积分格式比通常的欧拉法含有更多的计算,但是每一时间步长的计算量的增加却从使用很大的时间步长得到了更多的补偿。     

FDTD(2M,2N)的一种实现方法

提出了实现高阶时域有限差分法FDTD（2M，2N）的一种方法，把对时间的高阶差分转化为对空间的差分，相对于FDTD（2，2N），并不增加存储量。数值实验证明了这一方法的有效性。     

复杂模型重力位场快速正反演方法及应用

提要 本文详细讨论了一种三维重力位场快速正反演方法。作者在前人工作的基础上,对算法作了行之有效的改进,通过对反演中的不稳定因素进行各种理论模型试算,得出保证迭代反演稳定收敛的准则,编制出可在微型机IBM—PC上运行的人机对话式自动正反演程序。本文还对各种不均质模型进行了模似计算并将该方法应用于某含油气沉积盆地的双层界面构造研究,揭示出了储油有利地段。     

浙江省铜矿床(化)的时空分布特点与找矿方向

本文通过总结全省已知铜矿床 (化 )时间、空间分布的特点 ,结合我省区域地质构造的演化 ,研究了西裘式 (细碧角斑岩型 )、岭后式 (热液<似层状>交代型 )、斑岩型及紫金山式 (斑岩—浅成热液型 )等几种主要铜矿床类型的成矿地质与地球化学条件及找矿方向 ,圈定了成矿远景区和找矿靶区。     

成都大气稳定度频率近年变化及市、郊稳定度差异研究

本文用改进的Pasquill-Turner法统计了成都近8年的大气稳定度频率,分析了其分布和变化特点,研究了变化原因,指出,由于局地环境和气候变化及热岛效应的增强导致稳定度频率的明显逐年改变;并提出用计算级差的方法,处理近郊和远郊的稳定度调级订正问题。结果表明:对不稳定类,近郊比远郊向不稳定方向高一级左右;中性,近郊和远郊无级差;对稳定类,近郊比远郊向稳定方向降约0.3～0.4级。由此推测;当用近郊稳定度推算市心区稳定度时,对不稳定类,市心区相对于近郊至少要向更不稳定方向提级修正一级,中性不修正,考虑热岛效应影响,稳定类可基本不作修正。     

丹江口水库及其邻区地壳应力场的基本特征

利用赤平极射投影等资料，计算了丹江水库及邻区的主应力方向，结果表明：主压应力为北东东向，主张应力为北北西向，现代构造应力场与新生代以来应力场基本一致；晚第三纪以来，该区地壳应力场相对稳定。     

求解地下水非稳定流方程的混合拉氏变换局部坐标有限分析法

本文给出了一种在不规则四边形网格上求解地下水非稳定流方程的混合拉氏变换局部坐标有限分析格式。由于将时间ｔ直接包含在有限分析数值计算格式中，克服了传统数值法求解非稳定过程按时段迭代的缺陷，实现了非稳定过程计算的一步完成，提高了计算效率，这对多时段地下水资源管理和长期预报非常有用。经实例验证，本方法有很高的精度，与解析解吻合甚好。     

带有周期分量的多层递阶预报模型

本文针对经典多层递阶方法所存在的缺陷,提出了一种改进方案—带有周期分量的多层递阶预报模型,它利用时间序列的显著周期分量取代原模型中的自回归部分,使之既考虑到各种物理因子的主导作用,又较好地反映了气象要素自身的周期性变化规律,因而预报效果较为稳定。     

大气负荷变化对CORS位置影响分析与其移除研究

利用全球大气模型和CORS位置时间序列数据，基于负荷形变理论，采用球谐系数法计算大气负荷变化对CORS位置地壳形变的影响。结果显示，对研究区CORS位置垂直方向影响为-15.9~13.2 mm，水平形变影响为0~2.7 mm。根据移除大气负荷对CORS影响前后序列的RMS值变化可知，移除大气负荷影响对CORS时间序列水平方向改善较小，垂直方向改善明显；根据最小二乘方法计算研究区大气负荷变化对地壳垂直方向的形变导纳值（回归系数）为-0.7~-0.43 mm/hPa。本文研究方法和成果对分离修正CORS中大气负荷影响具有借鉴意义。     

考虑注浆作用的矩形顶管竖向土压力计算模型

针对矩形顶管上竖向土压力计算模型研究较少的现状，借助Terzaghi土压力计算理论，结合矩形顶管工程特点建立了考虑注浆作用的矩形顶管竖向土压力计算模型，提出了改进的竖向土压力计算公式；依托苏州某矩形顶管工程中竖向土压力实时监测数据，探究了其变化规律并验证了该计算公式的准确性。研究结果表明:土体中的剪切带从管道外壁两侧产生并沿竖直方向发展，且可贯穿至地表；临界状态下剪切带上的膨胀角完全发挥，以临界内摩擦角及其正弦值计算剪切带上的摩擦系数；不同的注浆压力下，管道上方可能出现“主动土拱”和“被动土拱”。计算值与实测值的对比分析表明，改进后的计算方法能够较好地包络矩形顶管竖向土压力范围。      

Spatial structure characteristics detecting of landform based on improved 3D Lacunarity model

The spatial structure characteristics of landform are the foundation of geomorphologic classification and recognition.This paper proposed a new method on quantifying spatial structure characteristics of terrain surface based on improved 3D Lacunarity model.Lacunarity curve and its numerical integration are used in this model to improve traditional classification result that different morphological types may share the close value of indexes based on global statistical analysis.Experiments at four test areas with different landform types show that improved 3D Lacunarity model can effectively distinguish different morphological types per texture analysis.Higher sensitivity in distinguishing the tiny differences of texture characteristics of terrain surface shows that the quantification method by 3D Lacu-narity model and its numerical integration presented in this paper could contribute to improving the accuracy of land-form classifications and relative studies.     

PROGRESS OF STUDIES ON THE INTERNAL TIDE GENERATED BY THE PASSAGE OF BAROTROPIC TIDE OVER CONTINENTAL SHELF/SLOPE

Various aspects of studies on internal tides are reviewed .Both beam-like structure and modal structure of internal tides may exist in the ocean . Bottom intensifications are caused by many factors .e.g. upstream blocking , which is the result of nonlinear interaction among waves . The energy may decay very fast so that internal tides are mostly locally generated .Internal tides may have considerable residual currents.In a 3-D frame, numerical study revealed that internal waves may interfere with each other to cause strong motions fer from the generation sources.The mechanism that determines how the lee waves break to form various nonlinear waves such as solitary waves, hydraulic jumps and internal surges or bores remains unclear. Analytic study is difficult , so numerical method may be effective . A radiation condition on the open boundary must be employed. A complete 3-D model may gain interesting result.Study on internal tides in China is limited to field observations and data analysis .     

Dynamic process simulation with a Savage-Hutter type model for the intrusion of landslide into river

Natural damming of rivers by mass movements is a very common and potentially dangerous phenomena which has been documented all over the world. In this paper, a two-layer model of Savage-Hutter type is presented to simulate the dynamic procedure for the intrusion of landslide into rivers. The two-layer shallow water system is derived by depth averaging the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with the hydrostatic assumption. A high order accuracy scheme based on the finite volume method is proposed to solve the presented model equations. Several numerical tests are performed to verify the realiability and feasibility of the proposed model. The numerical results indicate that the proposed method can be competent for simulating the dynamic process of landslide intrusion into the river. The interaction effect between both layers has a significant impact on the landslide movement, water fluctuation and wave propagation.     

Failure mechanism and stability analysis of the Zhenggang landslide in Yunnan Province of China using 3D particle flow code simulation

Based on the principle of 3D particle flow code, a numerical landslide run-out model is presented to simulate the failure process of the Zhenggang landslide (in southwestern China) under the effect of water after a rainfall. The relationship between the micro-mechanical parameters and the macro-shear strength of the grain material is determined through numerical calibrations. Then the rainfall effect is considered in numerical simulations and rain-induced sliding processes are performed, which help us to discuss the mechanism of deformation and failure of this landslide together with field observations. It shows the Zhenggang landslide would most likely be activated in Zone I and would gain momentum in Zone II. In order to prevent the potential disaster, a tailing dam is advised to be designed about 175 m downstream from the current landslide boundary of Zone II. Verified by field observations, the presented landslide model can reflect the failure mechanism after rainfall. It can also provide a method to predict the potential disaster and draft disaster prevention measures.     

应用Level Set方法模拟三维气泡与液滴的运动

将Level Set方法与ICE数值格式相结合,建立了求解含有运动界面的不可压缩气液两相流动问题的三维模型及数值解法。应用所建立的模型和算法三维模拟了4种典型气泡和液滴的运动过程,包括气泡从单个喷嘴生成和上升的过程,两个大小不同的空气气泡在水中自由上升时的相互作用过程,水滴下落冲击水面的过程和水滴与颗粒正向等温碰撞过程。模拟结果表明,所建立的模型与算法能准确方便地捕捉到三维气泡和液滴界面的破碎与融合等拓扑结构的变化,说明Level Set方法是一种行之有效且大有前途的处理气液运动界面问题的方法。     

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Wave-induced seepage and its possible contribution to the formation of pockmarks in the Huanghe (Yellow) River delta

Wave-induced seepage and its possible contribution to the formation of pockmarks in the Huanghe (Yellow) River delta were investigated experimentally and numerically. Laboratory experiments were carried out to explore the response of a layered silty seabed with various saturation conditions under cyclic wave loads, in which the pore pressure and seepage-related phenomena were particularly monitored. Numerical models to simulate wave-induced seepage in the seabed were presented and evaluated, then applied to the Huanghe River delta. The experimental results show that the excess pore pressure decreases more rapidly at the surface layer, while the seepage-related phenomena are more pronounced when large cyclic loads are applied and the underlying layer is less saturated. The proposed numerical models were verified by comparing with the experiments. The calculated seepage depth agreed well with the depth of the pockmarks in the Huanghe River delta. The experimental and numerical results and the existing insitu investigations indicate that the wave-induced seepage may be a direct cause of the pockmarks in the Huanghe River delta. Extreme storm waves and the dual-layered structure of hard surface layer and weak underlying layer are essential external and internal factors, respectively. Wave- or current-induced scour and transport are possible contributors to the reformation of pockmarks at a later stage.     

三维电阻率概率成像法研究

电阻率概率成像法是利用地表电场的测量值与电场扫描函数进行归一化的相似程度作为概率的成像方法。根据概率论的基本理论,引入幂函数并推导了电阻率异常发生概率函数。通过数值模型实验对此方法进行了验证,对多个孤立异常体和凹陷模型进行了概率成像。通过对浙江某地实测资料概率成像结果与常规最小二乘法反演结果进行比较表明,三维电阻率概率成像法能较好地分辨地下地电结构。     

Comparative Analysis of Seismic Response Characteristics of Pile-Soil-Stnicture Interaction System

The study on the earthquake-resistant performance of a pile-soil-structure interaction system is a relatively complicated and primarily important issue in civil engineering practice. In this paper, a computational model and computation procedures for pile-supported structures, which can duly consider the pile-soil interaction effect, are established by the finite element method. Numerical implementation is made in the time domain. A simplified approximation for the seismic response analysis of pile-soil-structure systems is briefly presented. Then a comparative study is performed for an engineering example with numerical results computed respectively by the finite element method and the simplified method. Through comparative analysis, it is shown that the results obtained by the simplified method well agree with those achieved by the finite element method. The numerical results and findings will offer instructive guidelines for earthquake-resistant analysis and design of pile-supported structures.     

Shear effects in shakedown analysis of offshore structures

In this paper, a formulation for shakedown analysis of elastic-plastic offshore structures under cyclic wave loading is presented. In this formulation, a fast numerical solution method is used, suitable for the Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis of large offshore structures on which shear effects in addition to bending and axial effects are taken into account. The Morison equation is adopted for converting the velocity and acceleration terms into resultant forces and it is extended to consider arbitrary orientations of the structural members. The theoretical methods of the shakedown analysis are discussed in detail and the formulation is applied to an offshore structure to verify the concept employed and its analytical capabilities.