Comparative Analysis of Seismic Response of Pile-Soil-Structure Interaction System

The study on the earthquake-resistant performance of a pile-soil-structure interaction system is a relatively complicated and primarily important issue in civil engineering practice. In this paper, a computational model and computation procedures for pile-supported structures, which can duly consider the pile-soil interaction effect, arc established by the finite clement method. Numerical implementation is made in the time domain. A simplified approximation for the seismic response analysis of pile-soil-structure systems is briefly presented. Then a comparative study is performed for an engineering example with numerical results computed respectively by the finite clement method and the simplified method. Through comparative analysis, it is shown that the results obtained by the simplified method well agree with those achieved by the finite element method. The numerical results and findings will offer instructive guidelines for earthquake-resistant analysis and design of pile-supported structures.     

热-力耦合作用下能源群桩工作特性的数值模拟

为研究能源群桩工作特性,基于Abaqus有限元模拟,将换热稳定阶段的平均温度赋予桩体进行稳态热-力耦合计算,提出了能源群桩承载特性的简化分析方法,并通过与现场数据的对比分析,验证了该研究方法的可行性。结合算例,进一步利用该方法对纯力学荷载和热-力耦合作用下的能源群桩的承载特性进行了分析。结果表明:①群桩基础中能源桩分散对称分布的不均匀沉降要明显小于集中分布,而且分布形式对桩基结构响应特征影响较大;②桩基等刚度下,增大桩径和减小桩间距,群桩倾斜控制效果较好。研究成果可以为能源群桩的工程应用提供一定的参考。      

Practical method and application study for predicting cyclic accumulative deformations of the saturated soft clay

The distribution of saturated soft clay is greatly wide in China. The current main measures adopted to deal with soft soil foundations may lead to environmental pollution, even some engineering accidents may happen on soft soil foundations. In order to solve engineering problems of saturated soft soil foundations well, researches of mechanical properties of them are necessary. One of the most important mechanical characteristics of saturated soft clay is its cyclic accumulative deformation under cyclic loadings. For saturated soft clay, the cyclic accumulative deformation is similar to the creep behavior under static loadings. Therefore, the cyclic accumulative deformation is equivalent to the creep, the number of loading cycles is seen as the time, and this study develops a practical method for predicting the cyclic accumulative deformation of saturated soft clay with the creep theory. The method is a pseudostatic elasto-plastic finite element method implemented by ABAQUS software. A fitted equation between cyclic accumulative strain and number of loading cycles and the empirical relationship of parameters of fitted equation were established with a series of cyclic triaxial compression tests. Then with this empirical relationship of parameters, the method developed by this study was employed to predict the cyclic accumulative deformation under cyclic triaxial tension tests. Predicted results were in good agreement with test results, and the effectiveness of this method was thus validated for different stress states. The method was then applied in analyzing the cyclic accumulative deformation for soft soil foundation of a pile-supported wharf structure.     

Vector form Intrinsic Finite Element Method for the Two-Dimensional Analysis of Marine Risers with Large Deformations

Robust numerical models that describe the complex behaviors of risers are needed because these constitute dynamically sensitive systems. This paper presents a simple and efficient algorithm for the nonlinear static and dynamic analyses of marine risers. The proposed approach uses the vector form intrinsic finite element (VFIFE) method, which is based on vector mechanics theory and numerical calculation. In this method, the risers are described by a set of particles directly governed by Newton’s second law and are connected by weightless elements that can only resist internal forces. The method does not require the integration of the stiffness matrix, nor does it need iterations to solve the governing equations. Due to these advantages, the method can easily increase or decrease the element and change the boundary conditions, thus representing an innovative concept of solving nonlinear behaviors, such as large deformation and large displacement. To prove the feasibility of the VFIFE method in the analysis of the risers, rigid and flexible risers belonging to two different categories of marine risers, which usually have differences in modeling and solving methods, are employed in the present study. In the analysis, the plane beam element is adopted in the simulation of interaction forces between the particles and the axial force, shear force, and bending moment are also considered. The results are compared with the conventional finite element method (FEM) and those reported in the related literature. The findings revealed that both the rigid and flexible risers could be modeled in a similar unified analysis model and that the VFIFE method is feasible for solving problems related to the complex behaviors of marine risers.     

3D GIS下地下水流有限元数值模拟方法与应用

目前缺乏针对较强空间特性水文地质计算参数的高效采集方法与管理机制,而且现有孔隙地下水流有限元数值模拟在三维可视化与空间分析等方面仍存在很多不足。因此,本文以有限元数值计算方法和三维地理信息平台为基础,结合GIS空间分析算法和计算机图形学理论,针对孔隙承压地下水有限元分析过程的关键步骤（概念模型构建、空间离散、水文地质参数提取与赋值等）,提出了孔隙地下水有限元数值模拟过程在3D GIS下的实现方法和技术框架。基于水文地质钻孔数据和GTP（Generalized Tri-Prism）空间数据模型,以盐城市滨海平原水文地质区为研究区域,实现了地下水系统空间结构特征的三维表达,同时与地下水流有限元数值模型相耦合,提出了3D GIS模型与地下水非稳定流有限元数值模型耦合的核心处理算法,并在此基础上开发了3D GIS地下水流数值模拟系统。应用实例表明,该技术框架可有效简化有限元分析流程、优化模型计算效率、实现地下水有限元数值模拟过程及计算结果的三维可视化。     

Study on deformation law of circular foundation under combined loading

The foundations of some ocean engineering structures are built to withstand not only the vertical gravity load V, but also the horizontal load H induced by sea waves and current. The horizontal load includes the concentrated force load, the moment load M, and the torque load T termed also as combined loading. It is of academic and engineering significance to study the deformation law of submarine seabed due to combined loading. On the basis of the three-dimensional elastic mechanics solution of circular foundation, numerical methods are used to analyze the deformation law of submarine soil under circular foundation with six degrees of freedom. The finite element analysis results give the elastic deformation law of soil in three dimensional spaces, modify the theoretical elasticity solution, and presents nonlinear soil deformation mechanism under the circular foundation with six degrees of freedom.     

Stability analysis of slope in strain-softening soils using local arc-length solution scheme

Soils with strain-softening behavior — manifesting as a reduction of strength with increasing plastic strain — are commonly found in the natural environment. For slopes in these soils,a progressive failure mechanism can occur due to a reduction of strength with increasing strain. Finite element method based numerical approaches have been widely performed for simulating such failure mechanism,owning to their ability for tracing the formation and development of the localized shear strain. However,the reliability of the currently used approaches are often affected by poor convergence or significant mesh-dependency,and their applicability is limited by the use of complicated soil models. This paper aims to overcome these limitations by developing a finite element approach using a local arc-length controlled iterative algorithm as the solution strategy. In the proposed finite element approach,the soils are simulated with an elastoplastic constitutive model in conjunction with the Mohr-Coulomb yield function. The strain-softening behavior is represented by a piece-wise linearrelationship between the Mohr-Coulomb strength parameters and the deviatoric plastic strain. To assess the reliability of the proposed finite element approach,comparisons of the numerical solutions obtained by different finite element methods and meshes with various qualities are presented. Moreover,a landslide triggered by excavation in a real expressway construction project is analyzed by the presented finite element approach to demonstrate its applicability for practical engineering problems.     

河西重力变化的小波分解与地震活动关系的研究

讨论了小波分析在地震重力测量数据分析中应用的可能性，并采用基于样条函数的小波分析及其相应的Β小波分别计算了河西地区的重力变化资料，其结果如下：①小波分解可有效分离重力场时间变化的不同空间波长成分，更清晰地看清重力场变化与地震活动的关系。②河西地区重力资料分解结果表明：反映该地区浅部物质变化的重力变化高频部分和反映该地区深部物质变化的重力变化低频部分对永登Ｍｓ５．８级地震的反应不明显，而反映该地区中层物质变化的重力变化二、三阶小波分解结果对该地震的反应较明显。重力小波分解计算结果反映的密度变化深度与地震资料统计的震源深度基本一致。     

TSP隧道地震预报空洞模型的数值模拟研究

采用有限元方法模拟隧道地震波场,采用波场快照与时间记录相结合的方法,研究空洞对隧道地震波场传播的影响,并对含空洞模型的时间记录进行处理,得到数值模型的速度云图和反射层位图。经数据处理表明,采用TSPwin设定默认值处理得到的速度云图与模型设定的空洞位置比较一致,在提取反射层位图上,空洞反射层呈现条带状特征,需要结合速度云图来确定空洞位置,且P波预报的准确性相对较高。对TSP系统的抗噪性进行研究,表明其具有良好的抗噪性能。最后通过对工程实例的处理,验证了数值模拟所得的结论。     

Illustrations of verification for seismic properties of masonry structures in primary and secondary school buildings

After Wenchuan earthquake,Code for verification of Seismic Protection of Building is revised and the seismic verification for the buildings of primary and secondary schools is upgraded from Class C to Class B.With this background,nearly one hundred buildings of primary and secondary schools in Jilin Province have been reevaluated by the earthquake-resistant standards and a set of simplified earthquake-resistant evaluation methods based on relevant technical standards and regulations were summarized and presented here.These methods can serve as an important reference for future earthquake-resistant evaluation for primary and secondary school buildings as well as a convenient guide for the relevant construction and modification works.     

对流边界层理论中不稳定非自治系统的数值解（英文）

为了求解对流边界层理论中一个非自治微分方程系统,作者采用伽略金有限元方法,此方法是通过将无限区间上的三阶非线性微分方程转化成有限区间上的二阶微分形式,并构造出相应的伽略金有限元方程来求得数值解,该数值解与先前一些作者的结果一致,并且计算效率显高于其它数值方法.     

Numerical Simulation of Mechanical Characteristics of a Metal Net for Deep-Sea Aquaculture

The investigation on hydrodynamic characteristics of a cage is important for its application in the deep-sea aquaculture in our country. With finite element method, the beam element is used to simulate a three-dimensional metal chain net, and the connector element is introduced as the interaction between metal net lines. A mechanical model for the metal net is constructed to simulate the hydrodynamic characteristics of a metal net subjected to fluid current forces. The static simulation results show that the relative errors of the displacements are 2.13%, 4.19%, 6.64%, and 11.35% compared with static concentrated load tests under concentrated forces of 20, 40, 60, and 80 N, respectively. Both the transient hydrodynamic deformations and drag forces of the netting structures under different current velocities are obtained by solving the hydrodynamic equation of the netting structure. The average relative error of the current forces obtained by numerical simulations shows an 8.13% deviation from the drag tests of the metal nets in the tank under five current velocities. The effectiveness and precision of the simulation approach are verified by static and dynamic tests. The proposed simulation approach will provide a good foundation for the further investigation of the hydrodynamic characteristics of deep-sea aquaculture metal cages and the parameter design for the safety of such cage systems.     

Violent transient sloshing-wave interaction with a baffle in a three-dimensional numerical tank

A finite difference model for solving Navier Stokes equations with turbulence taken into account is used to investigate viscous liquid sloshing-wave interaction with baffles in a tank. The volume-of-fluid and virtual boundary force methods are employed to simulate free surface flow interaction with structures. A liquid sloshing experimental apparatus was established to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed model, as well as to study nonlinear sloshing in a prismatic tank with the baffles. Damping effects of sloshing in a rectangular tank with bottom-mounted vertical baffles and vertical baffles touching the free surface are studied numerically and experimentally. Good agreement is obtained between the present numerical results and experimental data. The numerical results match well with the current experimental data for strong nonlinear sloshing with large free surface slopes. The reduction in sloshing-wave elevation and impact pressure induced by the bottom-mounted vertical baffle and the vertical baffle touching the free surface is estimated by varying the external excitation frequency and the location and height of the vertical baffle under horizontal excitation.     

系统工程在硐室围岩稳定系统分析中的应用

本文简要论述了系统工程的基本方法,并试图借助此法对水电硐室工程围岩稳定做以系统分析。文中,以华北某电站工程为例,采用模糊数学综合评判、弹性力学模型和有限元数值模拟,对该电站地下厂房围岩稳定性进行了最优化分析。结果表明,系统工程方法是围岩稳定分析的一种行之有效的方法。     

Adaptive finite element modeling of marine controlled-source electromagnetic fields in two-dimensional general anisotropic media

In this paper, we extend the scope of numerical simulations of marine controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) fields in a particular case of anisotropy (dipping anisotropy) to the general case of anisotropy by using an adaptive finite element approach. In comparison to a dipping anisotropy case, the first order spatial derivatives of the strike-parallel components arise in the partial differential equations for generally anisotropic media, which cause a non-symmetric linear system of equations for finite element modeling. The adaptive finite element method is employed to obtain numerical solutions on a sequence of refined unstructured triangular meshes, which allows for arbitrary model geometries including bathymetry and dipping layers. Numerical results of a 2D anisotropic model show both anisotropy strike and dipping angles have great influence on the marine CSEM responses.     

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Numerical modeling of local scour around hydraulic structure in sandy beds by dynamic mesh method

Local scour, a non-negligible factor in hydraulic engineering, endangers the safety of hydraulic structures. In this work, a numerical model for simulating local scour was constructed, based on the open source code computational fluid dynamics model OpenFOAM. We consider both the bedload and suspended load sediment transport in the scour model and adopt the dynamic mesh method to simulate the evolution of the bed elevation. We use the finite area method to project data between the three-dimensional flow model and the two-dimensional (2D) scour model. We also improved the 2D sand slide method and added it to the scour model to correct the bed bathymetry when the bed slope angle exceeds the angle of repose. Moreover, to validate our scour model, we conducted and compared the results of three experiments with those of the developed model. The validation results show that our developed model can reliably simulate local scour.     

郯城马陵山地震台视电阻率年变特征研究

依据马陵山地震台台站仪器安装日志等基础资料,结合现场勘察结果建立三维有限元模型,并综合水位、降雨及气温等辅助观测资料,对台站近10 a的视电阻率资料进行对比分析。因台站地处郯庐断裂带安丘-莒县断裂上,地下结构复杂,EW向观测电极存在高差,视电阻率特征清晰且复杂。综合研究认为,马陵山地震台NS向视电阻率的变化主要受气温影响;EW向视电阻率主要受水位变化影响,且水位影响的量级约为气温的3倍;7~8月2个方向同时受短暂快速降雨的影响。     

Wave interaction with a partially reflecting vertical wall protected by a submerged porous bar

This study gives an analytical solution for wave interaction with a partially reflecting vertical wall protected by a submerged porous bar based on linear potential theory. The whole study domain is divided into multiple sub-regions in relation to the structures. The velocity potential in each sub-region is written as a series solution by the separation of variables. A partially reflecting boundary condition is used to describe the partial reflection of a vertical wall. Unknown expansion coefficients in the series solutions are determined by matching velocity potentials among different sub-regions. The analytical solution is verified by an independently developed multi-domain boundary element method(BEM) solution and experimental data. The wave run-up and wave force on the partially reflecting vertical wall are estimated and examined, which can be effectively reduced by the submerged porous bar. The horizontal space between the vertical wall and the submerged porous bar is a key factor, which affects the sheltering function of the porous bar. The wave resonance between the porous bar and the vertical wall may disappear when the vertical wall has a low reflection coefficient. The present analytical solution may be used to determine the optimum parameters of structures at a preliminary engineering design stage.     

Settlement patterns of mountainous half-filled and half-cut widened subgrade with retaining wall

The settlement of widened highway subgrade in mountainous area is not only affected by the interaction between new and existing subgrade, but also seriously restricted by the external retaining wall. Based on the practical engineering of half-filled and half-cut widened mountainous highway subgrade with external balance weight retaining wall(BWRW), a sophisticated finite element numerical model is established. The evolution law of subgrade settlement is revealed during the whole process of new subgrade filling and BWRW inclination after construction. The settlement component of subgrade is clarified considering whether the existing pavement continues to be used. The results show that the additional settlement caused by the BWRW inclination after construction cannot be ignored in the widening and reconstruction of mountainous highway subgrade. In addition, pursuant to the comprehensive design of subgrade and pavement, the component of subgrade settlement should be determined according to whether the existing pavement continues to be used, while considering the influence of BWRW inclination after construction. When the existing pavement continues to be used, the settlement of the existing subgrade is caused by the new subgrade filling and the BWRW inclination after construction. On the contrary, the settlement is only caused by the BWRW inclination after construction.