圣宗庙花岗岩地质特征及成因分析

圣宗庙花岗岩出露于辽西凹陷与山海关古隆起的衔接部位。依据岩体的岩石、矿物和地球化学特征分析,岩体形成于造山后期拉张环境,岩石富碱、富硅、贫钙,岩浆分异程度高、粘度大,是下地壳亏损熔体的Ⅰ型源岩经部分熔融形成的花岗质岩浆脉动定位形成的花岗岩,具有A型花岗岩特征。     

Reservoir Volcanic Rocks: Geology and Geochemistry, the Mesozoic Non-Marine Songliao Basin, NE China

The reservoir volcanic rocks in Songliao Basin include the Lower Cretaceous (Klyc Form., 114～135 Ma,acidic rocks) and the Upper Jurassic (J3hs Form., 145～158 Ma, intermediate rocks). Vesicles coupled with faults make the volcanic reservoir spaces which do not as badly getting worse with buried depth as those of sediments generally doing. The flood rhyolites of the Lower Cretaceous cover ca. 100 000 km2 with relict thickness from 100 m to more than 1000 m. They are high-silica, rich in aluminum and potassium, high REE contents with large negative Eu anomalies,thus believed also be formed by the large-scale sialic crust partial-melting. The andesitic rocks of the Upper Jurassic are rich in Al and K, but with lower REE contents and minor negative Eu anomalies, as well as dispersal patterns of HREE.They are believed to be produced by progressively shallower partial-melting where the fractionation of garnet and/or zircon may be involved. The most probable heat sources provided for the long-lasting volcanisms in the Songliao Basin is the subduction of the Okhotsk plate.     

准噶尔海槽西准噶尔地段板块构造演化特征

准噶尔地块为前震旦纪地块。古生代,本区进一步演化成为一个由大陆裂谷发育起来的不成熟洋壳——准噶尔海槽。该海槽向西可与苏联巴尔喀什相通,并将哈萨克斯坦古板块肢解为南、北两大陆块。早石炭世末,本区结束了洋壳历史,重新成为大陆克拉通,托里北——达拉布特一线为缝合线位置。中石炭世以后,以碰撞后构造为主导,发生过三次明显的块断运动和A型俯冲。北东向的达拉布特断裂系就是在本区地壳缩短的背景下产生的走滑断层和推覆构造     

Petrogenesis and tectonic setting of granite porphyry in Keyouzhongqi area,Inner Mongolia

The authors studied the geochemistry,zircon U-Pb ages,Hf isotope of the granite porphyry and its petrogenesis and tectonic setting in the studied area． The zircon U-Pb dating indicates the formation of the gran- ite porphyry is in Early Cretaceous (125． 1 ±1． 5 Ma)． The granite porphyry has high-SiO2and alkali-rich fea- tures,which belongs to high-K calc-alkaline series rocks (A/CNK = 0． 95%--1． 25%)． The analyses of trace elements show the characteristics of a swallow-shaped ＲEE distribution pattern with enrichment in LＲEEs and most of LILEs and HFSEs,depletion in Ba,Sr,Nb,P and Ti,and especially strong depletion in Eu,which indicates the granite porphyry belongs to the aluminous A-type granite． Their εHf(t)range from 5． 94 to 8． 80 with Hf two-stage model ages (TDM2) of 620 Ma to 803 Ma． Combining with the regional tectonic background, we conclude that the source of the rocks is the new crust materials accreted from depleted mantle in Neoprotero- zoic and is the product of partial melting of middle and lower crustal rocks,which may be suffered from the dual impact of the subduction of the Palaeo-Pacific Ocean and the closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean．     

内蒙古东乌旗巴彦都兰二长花岗岩年代学、地球化学特征及其地质意义

为了解晚古生代西伯利亚板块南缘增生造山过程中的岩浆活动特征,对东乌旗巴彦都兰二长花岗岩岩相学、锆石U-Pb年代学、锆石Hf同位素和岩石地球化学进行了研究,并讨论了岩石成因和构造环境。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果为(277.2±0.7)Ma,以正的锆石ε_Hf(t)(6.8~14.1)为特征,具有年轻的锆石地壳模式年龄(tc_DM)(865~655 Ma),属于早二叠世晚期岩浆活动产物。二长花岗岩以高钾[w(K)=3.63%~4.95%,K₂O/Na₂O=0.91~1.47]、富碱[w(K₂O+Na₂O)=7.52%~9.16%]、准铝质-弱过铝质(A/CNK=0.96~1.15)为特征;稀土元素总量较低(38.82×10-6~193.20×10-6),(La/Yb)_N为3.91~23.08,轻、重稀土元素分异较明显,呈弱负铕异常(δEu为0.34~1.17);富集部分大离子亲石元素(LREE、Rb、K等);Zr弱负异常、Hf弱正异常,亏损Sr、Nb、Ta、P、Ti,显示后造山花岗岩特征。综合分析表明,巴彦都兰二长花岗岩形成于伸展的构造环境中,是贺根山洋盆闭合后的后造山阶段产物,为865~655 Ma前洋壳俯冲形成的先成地壳部分熔融而成。      

GPS/VLBI/SLR/InSAR组合在地球动力学研究中的应用

详细探讨了InSAR技术应用于地球动力学研究的巨大潜力和优势；讨论了InSAR与GPS等其它空间技术组合的可能性。提出了GPS／VLBI／SLR／InSAR组合的新设想，并详细讨论了该方法在地球动力学、现代地壳运动、地球体积和形状变化研究中的应用。在具体组合应用中，针对地壳不同形变特征给出了3种不同的数学模型。     

Thermo-Rheological Structure and Passive Continental Margin Rifting in the Qiongdongnan Basin,South China Sea,China

To investigate the thermo-rheological structure and passive continental margin rifting in the Qiongdongnan Basin(QDNB),thermo-rheological models of two profiles across the western and eastern QDNB are presented.The continental shelf of western QDNB,having the lowest crustal extension factor,is recognized as the initial non-uniform extension crust model.This regime is referred to as the jelly sandwich-1(JS-1)regime,having a lower crustal ductile layer.The oceanward part of the western QDNB changes from the relatively strong JS-1 to the weak crème br?lée-1(CB-1)regime with a significantly thinned lower crust.However,the crustal extension in the eastern QDNB is significantly higher than that in the western QDNB,with conjugate faults extending deep into the lower crust.The central depression zone of the eastern QDNB is defined as the much stronger JS-2 regime,having a brittle deformation across the entire crust and upper mantle and characteristics of a cold and rigid oceanic crust.Unlike the widespread lower crustal high-velocity layers(HVLs)in the northern margin of the South China Sea,the HVLs are confined to the lower crustal base of the central depression zone of the QDNB.The HVLs of QDNB are the results of non-uniform extension with mantle underplating during the lower crustal-necking stage,which is facilitated by the lower crustal ductile layer and derived by mantle lat-eral flowing.The gigantic mantle low-velocity zone related to the Red River Fault should be a necessary factor for the east-west differential margin rifting process of QDNB,which may drive the lateral flowing in the mantle.     

辽宁阜新大巴－建设地区太古宙花岗质岩石地质特征及成因

大巴－建设地区太古宙花岗质岩石由英云闪长岩、奥长花岗岩、花岗闪长岩组成，属ＴＴＧ岩系。地质、岩石学及地球化学特征表明，它们是古深成侵入体，变质程度属绿片岩相。同位素年龄为２４４３Ｍａ。岩浆来源于陆壳的部分熔融。     

东昆仑东段坑德地区侵入岩岩石地球化学特征及其构造意义

对东昆仑造山带东段坑德地区出露的侵入岩进行了详细的岩石地球化学研究。结果表明,东昆仑造山带东段坑德地区岩体为一套高钾钙碱性花岗闪长岩,岩石由准铝质向过铝质过渡。岩石稀土元素具LREE元素富集、HREE元素亏损,有弱的负Eu异常的特征,微量元素明显富集大离子亲石元素(Rb,Ba,K)和活泼的不相容元素Th,U等;相对亏损高场强元素Nb,Ti,P;Rb/Sr,Nb/Ta,Zr/Hf等特征显示岩石具壳幔混合特征。岩石具有板块俯冲碰撞前活动大陆边缘构造环境特征,应该为阿尼玛卿洋向北俯冲碰撞过程中壳幔岩浆混合作用形成。     

地壳垂直形变基本场、增量场及其与地震形变关系的探讨

根据华北北部地区（大首都圈）地壳垂直形变场的时空特征及其与地震发生的关系，提出了地壳垂直形变基本场和增量场的概念。理论分析与实际结果表明，这对于深入探索地震形变前兆，弄清孕震机制并进入量化，细化都将起着积极的作用     

Geochronology of mineralization and tectonic setting of Baishidong skarn-type iron deposit in Helong area of Yanbian,Jilin Province,NE China

The Baishidong iron deposit is the only skarn-type iron deposit discovered in the study area. According to mineral assemblage and paragenesis, the mineralization can be divided into four metallogenic stages: early garnet-diopside skarn stage, late magnetite-tremolite-epidote skarn stage, early quartz-pyrite-chalcopyrite stage and late quartz-calcite-pyrite stage. Through LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of diorite, which is closely related to mineralization, the results show that the weighted average age is 164.6±1.4 Ma, which limits the mineralization time of Baishidong iron deposit during or slightly later than Middle Jurassic. The diorite rocks are rich in sodium(Na_2O/K_2O=1.24--1.76), aluminium(Al_2O_3=17.41%--18.76%), LREE and large-ion lithophile elements(Ba, K and Sr), depleted in HREE and high-field-strength elements(Y, Nb, Ta, P and Ti), and show strongly fractionated patterns(LREE/HREE=6.58--9.93), no apparent Eu anomalies(δEu=0.91--1.13), which shows similar characteristics to island arc or active continental margin arc magma. The zircon εHf(t) values range from-22.6 to 5.9, and the age of the two-stage model(t_(DM2)) is 836--2 633 Ma. Above data combined with the geochemical characteristics, it is indicated that the magma was a mixture of multiple sources, composed of ancient materials and newly formed crust. During the process of evolution and ascending of magma, separation and crystallization occurred, and a large amount of continental crust material was mixed at the same time. Combined with regional tectonic evolution, the formation of this deposit may be related to the westward subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate to the Eurasian Plate.     

Petrogenesis and tectonic setting of granite porphyry in Keyouzhongqi area,Inner Mongolia

The authors studied the geochemistry, zircon U-Pb ages, Hf isotope of the granite porphyry and its petrogenesis and tectonic setting in the studied area. The zircon U-Pb dating indicates the formation of the granite porphyry is in Early Cretaceous （ 125.1 ± 1.5 Ma）. The granite porphyry has high-SiO2 and alkali-rich features, which belongs to high-K talc-alkaline series rocks （ A/CNK = 0. 95%-1. 25% ）. The analyses of trace elements show the characteristics of a swallow-shaped REE distribution pattern with enrichment in LREEs and most of LILEs and HFSEs, depletion in Ba, Sr, Nb, P and Ti, and especially strong depletion in Eu, which indicates the granite porphyry belongs to the aluminous A-type granite. Their εHf（t） range from 5.94 to 8.80 with Hf two-stage model ages （TDM2 ） of 620 Ma to 803 Ma. Combining with the regional tectonic background, we conclude that the source of the rocks is the new crust materials accreted from depleted mantle in Neoproterozoic and is the product of partial melting of middle and lower crustal rocks, which may be suffered from the dual impact of the subduction of the Palaeo-Pacific Ocean and the closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean.     

洋壳活动断层特征和动力作用

对洋壳活动断层特征进行分析,认识到洋壳活动断层内存在洋壳生长,内部存在对称、褶皱和火山构造.洋壳生长不仅会形成新洋壳,而且会释放热量,产生推挤力,并在洋壳地形上留下演化痕迹.断层内部洋壳生长会促进断层两侧洋壳发生相对运动,众多洋壳断层活动的综合影响造成洋壳块体的相对运动.洋中脊是洋壳生长的产物,转换断层区域是洋壳块体现...     

新疆西准噶尔哈图岩体地球化学特征及其地质意义

哈图岩体侵位于西准噶尔南部早-中泥盆世海相火山-沉积地层中,主要岩性为二长花岗岩、正长花岗岩及少量碱长花岗岩,是研究西准噶尔晚石炭世构造环境的理想对象。哈图岩体花岗岩中SiO2含量(质量分数,下同)为72.06%~76.53%,全碱(Na2O+K2O)为7.80%~8.57%,CaO为0.20%~1.58%,MgO为0.07%~0.42%,明显具有高Si、富碱、贫Ca、低Mg的特征;这些花岗岩的Al2O3含量为12.55%~14.06%,A/CNK值为1.06~1.15,A/NK值为1.15~1.36,显示其为弱过铝质-强过铝质花岗岩。此外,哈图岩体具有较低的稀土元素总含量((88.14~139.53)×10-6)和高的轻、重稀土元素比值((La/Yb)N值为3.04~6.50),在球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式中显示为典型的右倾"V"字形且具有强烈的负Eu异常,表明源区可能有斜长石残留或出现斜长石的分离结晶作用;在原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图中,这些花岗岩明显富集Rb、Th、U、K、Pb等大离子亲石元素,相对富集Zr、Hf,强烈亏损Sr、Ti、P,相对亏损Ba、Nb。以上特征及主量、微量元素特征和图解表明,哈图岩体为典型的弱过铝质-强过铝质A2型花岗岩,其形成于造山后伸展阶段,是由洋壳和岛弧组成的新生地壳受上涌的幔源物质加热,在浅部低压条件下发生部分熔融,再经分离结晶作用的产物。     

Geochemical characteristics and geological implication of ferromanganese crust from CM6 Seamount of the Caroline Ridge in the Western Pacific

Ferromanganese crusts(Fe-Mn crusts) grow very slow and can be treated as condensed stratigraphic sections recording paleo-oceanographic environmental information and local key geological events during the mineralization process.Geochronology,textures,mineralogy,and geochemistry of a Fe-Mn crust sample from the CM6 Seamount of the Caroline Ridge in the Western Pacific Ocean were analyzed by means of electron probe microanalysis and X-ray diffraction.The Fe-Mn crust shows three layers in textural characteristics from bottom to top.The lower,middle,and upper layers presence mottled,botryoidal,and columnar textures,respectively.Ferruginous vernadite,Fe hydroxide,amorphous silicate minerals,calcite,quartz,and feldspar are the main minerals of the Fe-Mn crust.Using cobalt chronometry method,the cumulative growth time of the Fe-Mn crust was determined to be 11 Ma or 25 Ma,of which25 Ma is inconsistent with other lines of age constraint brought by dating of the substrate.The co-existence of abundant silicate minerals and bioclasts in the middle and lower layers of the Fe-Mn crust diluted the ferromanganese oxide deposits,thus affected the texture,minerals,and geochemical characteristics of the Fe-Mn crust.Variations in Mn Co,Ni,and other elements content and the burial of opal-A recorded the expansion of oxygen minimum zone(OMZ) in the upper layer of the Fe-Mn crust.In addition,the highreflectivity Fe-rich laminae might indicate the surrounding volcanic activity.The Fe-Mn crust sample was determined to be hydrogenic by electron probe micro-analyzer(EPM A).The findings help us understand the geochemical characteristics of the Fe-Mn crust in the Caroline Ridge Seamount in the Western Pacific and the variations of paleo-oceanographic environment clues borne by the Fe-Mn crusts.     

东昆仑鄂拉山岩浆带晚三叠世后碰撞伸展:来自索拉沟高分异I型花岗岩的证据

鄂拉山岩浆带位于东昆仑造山带最东端,为研究该地区晚三叠世的构造背景,选取索拉沟地区钾长花岗岩开展研究。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,索拉沟钾长花岗岩加权平均年龄为（233±1）Ma,形成于晚三叠世早期。该岩石有很高的w（SiO₂）（75.91%~77.23%）、富K₂O和Na₂O,贫CaO、MgO、TiO₂和P₂O₅,A/CNK介于1.01~1.05,属高钾钙碱性系列,锆石饱和温度733~768℃,具有强烈的Eu负异常（Eu/Eu*=0.09~0.25）,明显富集大离子亲石元素（LILE Rb、Th、U、K等）和轻稀土元素（LREE）,亏损Ba、Sr及Nb、P、Zr、Ti等高场强元素（HFSE）,显示高分异I型花岗岩的特征。锆石Hf同位素初始值（176Hf/177Hf）范围为0.282 487~0.282 611,ε_Hf（t）介于-3.54~-0.56;对应的两阶段模式年龄T_2DM（Hf）为1.16~1.33 Ga。索拉沟钾长花岗岩是新生下地壳部分熔融后经过分离结晶作用形成,新生下地壳是幔源岩浆在特提斯洋俯冲阶段（242~238 Ma）底侵古老地壳形成。结合晚古生代至中生代东昆仑地区的构造演化特征,认为索拉沟钾长花岗岩形成于张性构造背景,与古特提斯洋俯冲结束后巴颜喀拉地体与东昆仑地体后碰撞造山伸展作用有关。      

����ɽ�����ڽ��������������̽��

??????Ms8.0????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????з?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Pn????????7.6~7.8 krn/s?????????????????8.0~8.2 krn/s??????????????Pn????????????ζ??????????????????????????????????????????????????п??????????L?ε?????棬???????????????????????????????????????     

Three-stage tectonic subsidence and its implications for the evolution of conjugate margins of the southwest subbasin,South China Sea

To reveal the tectonic characteristics of the continental margins in the southwest subbasin(SWB) of the South China Sea,a long high-resolution seismic profile was studied using empty basin subsidence.We find that tectonic subsidence features on both margins are uniformly divided into three stages:(1) slow subsidence from Tg to 18.5 Ma(synrift stage);(2) extremely slow subsidence/uplift from18.5 to 16 Ma(spreading stage);and(3) accelerated subsidence from 16 to 0 Ma(post-spreading stage).This feature differs from the classic tectonic subsidence pattern of rifted basins,which exhibits fast subsidence during synrift stage and slow subsidence during the post-rift stage.The tectonic uplift occurred during the spreading stage and the magnitude increased from the continent to the ocean,which is likely related to mantle flow during seafloor spreading.We propose that lower crustal flow played a significant role in the tectonic evolution of the continental margins of the SWB.The lower crust of the SWB margins was warmer and therefore weaker,and more prone to flow beneath the faulting center,which compensated for the upper crustal thinning caused by brittle faulting during the synrift period and thus reduced the tectonic subsidence rate.During the spreading stage,faulting attenuated rapidly,and a necking zone appeared at the continentocean transition formed by lithospheric extension.With upwelling asthenosphere,small-scale secondary mantle convection occurred under the necking zone,which raised the continental margin isotherms and increased the buoyancy.Simultaneously,secondary mantle convection lifted the overriding crust,thus the overall subsidence rate decreased sharply or even reversed to uplift.After seafloor spreading,the effect of mantle convection faded away,and sediment loading drove the lower crust to flow landward.Thermal relaxation,lower crust flow,and vanish of secondary mantle convection together led to rapid subsidence in this stage.     

江西赣州隆木花岗岩体年龄、成分特征及其构造意义

为了查明江西赣州隆木花岗岩形成时代及演化过程,对隆木岩体中的黑云母花岗岩与似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和同位素地球化学研究。结果表明:黑云母花岗岩与似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩的锆石U-Pb定年结果分别为(457±6)、(450±9)Ma,表明岩体形成于晚奥陶世;岩体铝饱和指数为1.11～1.29,K2O与Na2O含量(质量分数)之比为0.97～1.51,属强过铝质及高钾钙碱性岩石;根据ACF图解,岩体投影于S型花岗岩区域内;岩体Rb、Th+U、La+Ce、P、Nd、Zr+Hf+Sm相对富集,而Ba、Nb、Sr、Ti相对亏损,总体上属于低Ba、低Sr的花岗岩;岩体Rb与Sr含量之比为0.60～2.82,平均值为1.68,明显高于大陆地壳与上地壳的平均值,具壳源花岗岩特征;根据A/MF-C/MF图解,岩体物源区为砂质岩;岩体稀土元素含量总量偏低,为(113～176)×10-6,轻稀土元素富集明显,配分模式明显呈右倾型,Eu异常为0.38～0.67,Eu亏损程度中等偏高;化学成分显示,岩体属于强过铝质高钾钙碱性S型花岗岩,是一种壳源花岗岩,岩浆源区为成熟上地壳的砂质岩源区;构造判别图解、年龄信息及野外特征表明,岩体形成于后碰撞伸展构造环境。总之,隆木岩体形成于早古生代晚期的加里东构造运动,是华夏古陆块与扬子古陆块在新元古代碰撞拼贴之后裂解、在中奥陶世再次发生陆内碰撞使得地壳加厚部分重融、造山后期地壳伸展减薄、熔融物质上升侵位形成的岩体。     

雁荡山破火山口构造特征及成岩物质来源

雁荡山破火山口构造以其独特的火山地貌形态，完美的环状断裂和环状圈层分布的岩相，环形展市的航磁异常和地球化学异常，显示出一个地质─地球物理、地球化学、岩相─构造配置较完整的典型破火山口模式，依壳、幔二元混合模拟计算．火山岩和侵入岩源区物质组成为UC56.2DM43．8和UC56．4DM43．6，两者来自相似源区．源区处于地壳下部。