可可西里苟仁错湖泊沉积物元素地球化学特征及其环境意义

湖泊沉积物元素地球化学特征及其比值，有效地揭示了湖泊沉积物物源区的化学风化程度．已成为反映古气候波动的有效指标。根据可可西里苟仁错湖泊沉积物的元素地球化学特征，通过CIA，ICV等元素比值的结果，揭示该地区1400AD以来化学风化作用十分微弱，因此湖泊沉积物元素组成，对气候变化非常敏感。研究表明1400AD以来该地区气候经历多次冷暖波动，且呈干旱化的趋势，1420AD左右进入小冰期，其中1480～1520AD最为寒冷，1900AD后干旱化加剧。     

89C51实现光电经纬仪摄影机目标距离的显示

介绍一种以89C51为核心，通过AD和LED，实现光电经纬仪摄影机目标距离显示的方法。该方法提出了一些新的设计方案，从而使整个系统结构简单，运行可靠。     

基于AD598的伸缩仪放大电路设计

伸缩仪多用于地壳形变观测,但其在工程中亦有较大的应用前景.现用的放大电路精度高但电路复杂、成本过高,造成其工程应用方面的局限性.介绍基于单片式线位移差动变压器(LVDT)信号调节器AD598设计的全新伸缩仪放大电路,作为伸缩仪放大电路的补充,体现了其在工程应用中简单可靠、成本低的优势.     

功率超声与机电一体化的研究应用

对超声的特性、超声空化的奇特作用及其在机电一体化技术中的特殊应用进行了揭示；根据生物材料加工的实际需要，将超声技术与机电一体化进行有机结合，并利用CAN现场总线网络，实现整个超声加工、生产系统的计算机过程控制。通过安装调试和实际应用，证明该方案设计合理、运行稳定可靠。     

退耕精确监测及其在辅助决策中的应用研究

退耕还林是党和政府为改善我国西部地区脆弱的生态环境而实施的一项重大工程，投入大，周期长。各级政府、党政领导人都很关注退耕后的实际成效。本文结合林业部门的具体退耕工作流程，介绍了对退耕还林工作进行精确监测的方法，提出了与具体退耕业务相结合的辅助决策应用、系统维护和数据更新模式．讨论了实现退耕精确监测的方法以及在政府辅助决策实际应用过程中的问题。     

地壳垂直形变场的综合逼近模型

针对地壳垂直形变受多力源影响，单一逼近模型难以准确逼近地壳形变场的问题，提出了两步逼近综合模型和加权综合逼近模型，给出了模型应用实例并进行了验证。结果表明，综合逼近模型具有一定的理论研究和实际应用价值。     

基于可靠度理论的黄土高边坡优化设计

对黄土高边坡进行可靠性分析，应用数学原理和优化原理，建立了黄土高边坡的优化模型，对铜黄一级公路黄土高边坡进行分析验证。结果表明，该方法计算的结果与实际较接近．应用中易操作。     

虚拟企业的组织结构设计

作为2l世纪主流企业组织形态的虚拟企业，如何组织设计虚拟企业，无论在理论研究还是在实际应用中都是一个非常重要的问题。从实际出发，介绍了虚拟企业的组织机制，完成了虚拟企业组织结构的详细设计。力求能够为虚拟企业组织的建立探索一种可行的思路。     

用模糊相似优先比进行产品评估

对于混合型数据（含定性和定量指标）的产品评估问题，虽有一些方法可以彩和，但在理论和计算上都比较复杂，不易为实际工作者应用。为了避免以上情况，采用了模糊相似优先比去评估产品 ，在稍作改进后，实际评估效果令人满意。     

大规模地球科学知识图谱构建与共享应用框架研究与实践

地球科学（以下简称地学）知识图谱具有强大的知识表示和语义推理能力，已成为地学大数据和地学人工智能发展必要的基础设施。然而，目前的地学知识图谱研究主要面向实验场景，缺乏面向实际应用的大规模地学知识图谱构建方法和共享应用框架研究，导致尚未真正在地学领域现实应用中得到使用。为此，本文面向地学大数据和人工智能研究与应用对地学知识图谱的迫切需求，首先研究了大规模地学知识图谱的构建技术，在此基础上，提出一种覆盖地学知识图谱构建、共享和应用全生命周期的总体框架。然后，以“深时数字地球（DDE）”国际大科学计划为例，开展了面向实际应用的知识图谱平台研发实践。最后，利用该平台，构建了DDE大规模地学知识图谱，开展了知识图谱开放共享，有效实现了知识图谱应用，证明本框架可有效支撑大规模地学知识图谱的构建与共享应用。本文对于地学知识图谱现实应用价值的实现具有重要的促进作用。     

Thermohaline structure inhomogeneity associated with polynia at the northern margin of Emery Ice-shelf

Based on the hydrographic data in austral summer during the 22nd Antarctic Expedition of China(2005/2006),some features can be found about the northern margin of Emery ice shelf as follows.The heat content in the surface layer(0-50 m) at the eastern end and the western end of the ice-shelf margin is much higher than that at the middle.The upper mixing-layer depth and the seasonal thermocline depth at the middle of the ice-shelf northern margin are much shallower than those at the both ends.However there is much less difference between the middle and the ends in the bottom layer.The remote sensing photos show that the inhomogeneity in the surface-layer water is closely related to the spatial distribution of the floes and polynia in the area.     

Phylogenetic analysis of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice

Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA of 8 strains of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice was studied.The results showed that strain BJ1 belonged to genus Planococcus,which was a genus of low mole percent G C gram-positive bacteria;strain BJ6 belonged to genus Burkholderia of β-proteobacteria and the rest 6 strain all belonged to γ-proteobacteria,of which strain BJ8 was a species of Pseudoalteromonas,strain BJ2-BJ5 and BJ7 were members of genus Psychrobacter.Phylogenetic analysis also indicated that bacteria of genus Psychrobacter of the isolates formed a relatively independent phylogenetic cluster in comparison with other bacteria belonged to genus Psychrobacter.     

Foreword

正Rapid changes of Arctic sea ice cover have been in the focus of the international climate research community in recent years.Quite a few of nations have completed a large number of related surveys and research projects in the Arctic Ocean.Up to now,China has performed six research cruises to the Arctic Ocean resulting in a significant volume of research output.Improved knowledge on the atmospheree-sea ice-ocean interactions in the Arctic is a     

Exposure ages and radiogenic ages of ureilite(GRV 024516) and ordinary chondrite(GRV 024517) from Antarctica

The GRV 024516 and GRV 024517 meteorite samples collected from Grove Montains,Antactica are ureilite and H5 ordinary chondrite,respectively.Based on the study of mineralogy-petrology,the cosmic-ray exposure ages and gas retention ages of these two meteorites were determinated and calculated.Their cosmic-ray exposure ages are 33.3 Ma,51.7 Ma,and gas retention ages are 1936.8 Ma and 3720 Ma,respectively.The ureilite contains diamond,graphite and amorphous C,which are mainly carrier of noble gases indicating obviously shock metamorphism effects,which induced 40Ar partial loss.The H5 chondrite indicates thermal metamorphism of parent body,its gas retention age fall the range between 3220 Ma and 4510 Ma of the least shocked H5 chondrites     

Information for authors

正1 Aims and Scope Advances in Polar Science(APS)is an international,peer-reviewed journal jointly sponsored by the Polar Research Institute of China and the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration.APS is a comprchensive academic journal dedicated to presentation of multi-disciplinary achievements in Arctic and Antarctic expeditions and research.Its primary purpose is to publish achievements in fundamental research,applied     

Advances in Polar Science CONTENTS(Volume 25,2014)

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Guide to Authors： Journal of Mountain Science

<正>AIMS AND SCOPE(Editorial Policy)The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)is devoted to mountains and their surrounding lowlands-ecoregions of particular global importance,with a particular emphasis on the important highlands/mountains in the world,such as the Tibetan Plateau,the Himalayas,the Alps,the Andes,the Rockies and many other mountain ranges of our planet.     

Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)

<正>The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS),founded in2004,is an international English-language journal on mountain sciences.JMS is supervised by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),sponsored by the Chengdu Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,CAS,published by Science Press China,and distributed by Springer exclusively throughout the world(excluding Mainland China).The JMS is published bimonthly,fulltexted in SpringerLink and CNKI,indexed/abstracted by