Effects of Body Weight and Water Temperature on Maximum Food Consumption of Juvenile Sebastodes fuscescens （Houttuyn）

Maximum rate of food consumption ( Cmax ) was determined for juvenile Sebastodes fuscescens (Houttuyn) at water temperature of 10, 15, 20 and 25℃. The relationships of Cmax to the body weight (W) at each temperature were described by a power equation: lnCmax = a b lnW. Covariance analysis revealed significant interaction of the temperature and body weight. The relationship of adjusted Cmax to water temperature (T) was described by a quadratic equation: Cmax = -0.369 0.456T - 0.0117T^2. The optimal feeding temperature calculated from this equation was 19.5 ℃. The coefficients of the multiple regression estimation relating Cmax to body weight (W) and water temperature (T) were given in the Table 2.     

REPORT ON PONTONIINE SHRIMPS（CRUSTACEA：DECAPODA）COLLECTED BY JOINT CHINESE—GERMAN MARINE BIOLOGY EXPEDITIONS TO HAINAN ISLAND,SOUTH CHINA SEA i.ANCHISTUS,CONCHODYTES,CORALLIOCARIS

The present paper reports 7 species of pontoniine shrimps collected from Hainan Island,South China Sea,by the Joint Chinese-German Marine Biology Expeditions,in which,Conchodytes nipponensis(De Haan,1844)and Coralliocaris brevirostris Borradaile,1898 are new records from Chinese waters.     

RELATION OF BODY WEIGHT AND FOOD CONSUMPTION TO METABOLIC RATE OF JUVENILE JAPANESE SEA BASS, LATEOLABRAX JAPONICUS

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅＪａｐａｎｅｓｅｓｅａｂａｓｓ (ＬａｔｅｏｌａｂｒａｘｊａｐｏｎｉｃｕｓＣ＆Ｖ)ｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｓｗｉｄｅｌｙｉｎｔｈｅｃｏａｓｔａｌｗａｔｅｒｓａｌｏｎｇｔｈｅＢｏｈａｉＳｅａ ,ＹｅｌｌｏｗＳｅａ ,ＥａｓｔＣｈｉｎａＳｅａ,ａｎｄＳｏｕｔｈＣｈｉｎａＳｅａ .Ａｓａｃａｒｎｉｖｏｒｏｕｓｆｉｓｈ ,ｉｔｏｃｃｕｐｉｅｓｔｈｅｈｉｇｈｔｒｏｐｈｉｃｌｅｖｅｌｉｎｔｈｅｍａｒｉｎｅｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍａｎｄｈａｓａｄａｐｔｅｄｔｏｖａｒｉｏｕｓｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｒ…     

A new pomfret species,Pampus minor sp. nov. (Stromateidae) from Chinese waters

Thirty-two 63.0–134.4 mm standard length specimens collected during 1954–1990 from the coastal waters of the South China Sea and the continental coast of the Taiwan Strait were identified as a new species,Pampus minor Liuet Li, sp. nov. Contribution No. 3329 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Study supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences Special Grant for Biota Research.     

A NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS NEROCILA （ISOPODA： CYMOTHOIDAE） FROM THE EAST CHINA SEA

A new species of cymothoid Isopeda, Nerocila donghaiensis, collected from the body of a sciaenid fish, Johnius sp., is described in the present paper. The new species can be distinguished from the other species of genus Nerocila by its endoped of uropods with deep notch, sharply serrated on the lateral margin and strongly serrated on the medial margin; antennule with 1 st article swollen; dactyli of pereopods Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ swollen.     

Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on the growth of a red tide dinoflagellateScrippsiella trochoidea (Stein) Loeblich III

Scrippsiella trochoidea (Stein) Loeblich III was grown in a nitrogen-or phosphorus-limited batch culture system in laboratory. Growth rates and cellular Chl-a were measured as functions of nitrate and phosphate concentrations. Growth rates were hyperbolic with both nitrate and phosphate concentration and fit the Monod equation. The minimum cell quota of nitrogen and phosphorus and then the optimum N∶P ratio ofS. trochoidea were estimated in this study. Measurement of phosphate concentration in Jiaozhou Bay suggest that phosphorus is the limiting factor ofS. trochoidea growth. Contribution No. 3679 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Project 39790110 supported by NSFC, the study aslo supported by the National Climbing Project B (PDBG-7-2) and partly supported by an MF grant from Hong Kong University of Science and Technology.     

Report of Pontoniinae Shrimps （Crustacea： Decapoda） Collected by Joint Chinese-German Marine Biology Expeditions to Hainan Island, South China Sea. Ⅲ. PericHmenes

The present paper reports 12 species of genus Periclimenes, subfamily Pontoniinae, collected from Hainan Island, South China Sea, by the Joint Chinese-German Marine Biology Expeditions, in which, Periclimenes consobrinus and P. tenuipes are new records from Chinese waters, and Periclimenes amymone, P. holthuisi, P. soror, and P. toloensis are recorded for the first time from Hainan Island.     

EFFECTS OF RATION, TEMPERATURE AND BODY WEIGHT ON METABOLISM IN YOUNG BLACK PORGY

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｍｅｔａｂｏｌｉｓｍｉｎｆｉｓｈｉｎｃｌｕｄｅｓｓｔａｎｄａｒｄｍｅｔａｂｏｌｉｓｍ(ＲＳ)ｒｏｕｔｉｎｅｍｅｔａｂｏｌｉｓｍ(ＲＲ),ｓｐｅｃｉｆｉｃｄｙｎａｍｉｃａｃｔｉｏｎ(ＳＤＡ)ａｎｄａｃｔｉｖｅｍｅｔａｂｏｌｉｓｍ(ＲＡ),ｒｅｌａｔｅｄａｓ:　　ＲＴ=ＲＳ ＲＲ ＳＤＡ ＲＡｗｈｅｒｅＲＳｉｓｔｈｅｍｅｔａｂｏｌｉｓｍｏｆｔｈｅｆｉｓｈａｔｒｅｓｔ;ＲＲｔｈｅｍｅｔａｂｏｌｉｓｍｏｆｔｈｅｒｏｕｔｉｎｅｌｙａｃｔｉｖｅｆｉｓｈ;ＳＤＡｔｈｅｍｅｔａｂｏｌｉｓｍｏｆｔｈ…     

FURTHER OBSERVATION OF THE SPERMATOZOA OF LEFT-EYE FLOUNDER PARALICHTHYS OLIVACEUS BY ELECTRONIC MICROSCOPY

The spermatozoon ultrastrucmre of left-eye flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, was ob-served by electronic microscopy, and shown to consist of head, midpiece and tail. Some nuclear vacuoles were observed inside and along the outer part of the nucleus and double-membrane structures were ob-served between the nuclear membrane and plasma membrane. The sperm sleeve consisted of four indepen-dent parts and had more than four mitochondria. Along the sperm tail there were wing-like lateral tins.     

Production of bioplastics and hydrogen gas by photosynthetic microorganisms

Experiments on salimity tolerance of embryos and larvae of the southern bay scallopArgopecten irradians concentricus Say under controlled temperature of 28°C showed that although the eggs were fertilized and cleaved at salinity 18.1–37.4, they could further develop into normal D-shaped larvae only at salinity 23.4–36.1, while the trochophore larvae could develop into normal D—shaped larvae at salinity 22.1–39.9. For 72 hours, the larvae could tolerate salinity of 18.4–43.9, the salinity favoring growth was 19.8–42.4; the suitable range was 21–36, and the optimum at about 28. They metamorphosed at salinity 18.9–43.5, optimally at 24–32. Contribution No. 3301 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The research was supported by the National Climbing Project B(PDB6-3-2).     

Use of rapd for detecting and identifyingPorphyra (Bangiales, Rhodophyta)

Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was applied to assess the genetic variations and phylogenetic relationships in 4 species ofPorphyra. The samples were collected from the coast of Canada, Vietnam, Zhoushan, Fujian and Qingdao in China. Amplifications with 20 primers were carried out under predetermined optimal reaction conditions (samples were first heated at 94°C for 5 min. and followed by 45 cycles of 1 min at 94°C, 1 min at 36°C, and 2 min at 72°C, then held at 72°C for 10 min). The amplified products were scored as present (1) or absent (0) for each DNA sample and an index of genetic similarity (F) was calculated by using Nei & Li’s matching coefficient method (1979). The value of (1−F) was used to quantify the genetic distances between species and construct a phylogenetic tree. The relationship indicated by the UPGMA and NJ cluster analysis on the values of the genetic distance is in good overall agreement with classical taxonomy. The obvious differences between natural and cultivated population ofP. haitanensi suggest that variation or hybridization with other species occurred during the culture. Contribution No. 100 from the Experimental Marine Biology Laboratory, IOCAS. Contribution No. 3289 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The research supported by the Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.     

Chromosome behavior of heat shock induced triploid in Fenneropenaeus chinensis

Triploidy was induced in Chinese shrimpFenneropenaeus chinensis by 30±0.5°C heat shock treatment (initiated at 20 min after fertilization) for 10 min to inhibit the release of PB2 at 18.0°C. The highest triploid rate obtained was 84.5% in nauplius stage. The effect of heat shock treatment on meiosis and cleavage of eggs was investigated in this work aimed to establish efficient procedures for triploid induction and to gain understanding of the mechanism of triploid production. Three pronuclei that could be observed in the treated eggs under fluorescence microscope developed into triploid embryos. Some abnormal chromosome behavior was observed in heat shocked eggs. Contribution No. 4407 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. This work was supported by Project under Major State Basic Development Program (G1999012009) and Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX 2-211)     

Studies on extraction procedure and antioxidative activity of phlorotannins fromSargassum kjellmanianum

Known only in phaeophyceae, phlorotannins (brown algal polyphenols) are natural products with potential uses in pharmacology. This study yielded an extraction procedure to obtain high purity, high molecular weight phlorotannins fromSargassum kjellmanianum and revealed the characteristics of their infrared and flourescence spectra. The antioxidative activity of phlorotannins, which was about 2.6 times as strong as that of 0.02% BHT (tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene), showed potential for preventing oil rancidification. Contribution No. 2918 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The project was supported by The State Ninth-five Key Program of China. (No. 96-916-04-01).     

PHYSIOLOGICAL INHIBITORY EFFECT OF OCS IN ARACHIDONIC ACID-RICH PARIETOCHLORIS INCISA （TREBOUXIOPHYCEAE, CHLOROPHYTA）

Parietochloris incisa is an arachidonic acid-rich snow green alga. The main physiological profiles, such as ash free dry weight (AFDW), chlorophyll, carotenoid, protein and total fatty acids (TFA), in this alga exposed to old culture supernatant (OCS) at the decline phase or its crude ethyl acetate extracts (CEAE) were investigated by using tubular photobioreactors of different diameters. Results showed that both OCS and CEAE had strong inhibitory effect on the above physiological parameters. The longer the culture was exposed to OCS and the more CEAE were added into the algal culture, the more the above physiological properties were inhibited. Arachidonic acid (AA), the dominant component of fatty acids in this alga, was also seriously inhibited with respect to total TFA, AFDW of cell mass, or culture volume, due to a prebable reduction of enzymes activities catalyzing chain elongation from C18:1ω9 to AA. These results incontestably evidenced that some CEAE dissolving substances existing in OCS, like auto-inhibitors, inhibited P. incisa growth through feedback. Hence, any efficient removal of auto-inhibitors from algal culture to decrease their bioactivity could be good for maximal production of desired products like AA.     

A COMBINED MODEL OF WIND, WAVE, TIDE AND STORM SURGES

A combined numerical model of wind, wave, tide, and storm surges was built on the basis of the “wind field model in limited sea surface areas”. When used to forecast the sea surface wind, wave height and water level, it can describe them very well. Contribution No. 4108 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. This work supported by Stress Project (KZ952-S1-420), Chinese Academy of Sciences; 863 Project (863-818-06-05), and (863-818-Q-07)     

NEW OBSERVATIONS ON THE MEIOTIC PROCESS IN THE MARINE DINOFLAGELLATE NOCTILUCA SCINTILIANS （NOCTILUCALES, DINOPHYCEAE）

The meiotic process in Noctiluca scintillans were observed under light microscope.Some abnormal cell divisions, incompletely separated “zoospores” and the changes of the zoospores are described in this paper. Together with the fmdings of field samplings and the previous results by other researchers, the process of meiosis in N. scintillans was supposed to be a pathway to reduce the extra high density of NH3-N within the cell in order to ensure normal population growth.     

Seston and dissolved organic carbon dynamics duringMicrocystis bloom with special reference to the effects of three Chinese domestic fishes in experimental enclosures

TheMicrocystis bloom that once disappeared from Donghu Lake, a shallow, eutrophic Chinese lake, was successfully resumed with the use of the enclosure method. Seston and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) dynamics during theMicrocystis bloom were investigated with particular emphasis on the effect of three Chinese domestic fishes (silver carp, bighead carp and grass carp). The results showed that the change of chlorophyll a obviously related to the fish species and its stocking density. Due to the release of extracellular ogranic carbon and increased bacterial activity, DOC increased apparently after silver and bighead carps were introduced. POC/DOC dropped considerably in the enclosures containing silver and bighead carps and in the surrounding lake water, which implied that the bacterial activity was more pronounced in such ecosystems. Statistical analysis indicated that the linear relationship between POC and chlorophyll a could reflect the state of algal growth and nutrient metabolism. It was expected that this study would provide some information on biomanipulation in the shallow, eutrophic lakes. This work was supported in part by a Grant-In-Aid from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology (FEBL) affiliated to the Institute of Hydrobiology for the project “Control Ecosystem: An Approach to Lake Restoration”.     

IMPACT OF STARVATION ON SURVIVAL，MEAT CONDITION AND METABOLISM OF CHLAMYS FARRERI

The effects of 60-day starvation on survival rate. condition index (CI) , changes ofnutrient composition of different tissues, respiration and excretion of scallop ChlartnCs farreri were studiedin laboratory from Oct. 17 to Dec. 15 ,1997. Two groups (control and starvation with 200 individualseach) were cultured in two 2 m3 tanks, with 31 to 32 salinity water at 1 7 “C . Starvation effects were mea-sured alter 1 0, 20, 40 and 60 days. There was no mass mortality of scallops cf the two tanks and survivalrates of the control and starvation groups were 93 .5 % and 92.0 %, respectively. Starvation had strongeffect on the meat condition of the scallops, especially after 10 days; when relative lipid percentagedropped sharply while relative protein percentage increased. The impact of starvation on the oxygen consumption mtc (OCR) and the ammonia-N cxcretion mtc (AER) was obvious.     

Equation on spatial variation of shallow water waves amplitude

Boussinesq’s theory was used in this study on water waves entering shallow water showing that the spacial variation of the wave amplitude is nonlinear, and is governed by the Duffing equation usually applied to describe nonlinear oscillation in nature. Contribution No. 3324 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Project 49471276 supported by NSFC and the Ninth-Five-Year Key Project (KI952-s1-420) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.     

A NEW SPECIES OF RANINOIDES （CRUSTACEA ： DECAPODA ： RANINIDAE） FROM OFF THE SOUTHEASTERN COAST OF HAINAN ISLAND AND NANSHA ISLANDS

Ranlnoides longifions new species, off SE coast of Hainan Island, dorsal surface of carapace with an arched granular edge across carapace between the anterolateral teeth, median frontal tooth longest, second frontal teeth subquadrate.