京九铁路南段沿线地区区域旅游开发与旅游业可持续发展

近年来新形成的本铁路沿线地区旅游资源丰富,区位适中,具有较好的可进入性,其区域旅游开发存在明显优势;但同时存在资源优势与市场需求不相称、资源的组合结构上存在一定的“阴影”现象、旅游地主题形象不鲜明和旅游“软环境”欠佳等主要制约因素。本文在揭示优势、发现并分析问题的基础上,提出了该地区区域旅游业可持续发展的思路。     

国际大通道建设对云南旅游业的影响及对策

云南省构建“通江达海、连接周边”的国际大通道,将改变云南交通基础设施的落后面貌、充分发挥云南连接中国与东南亚、南亚的天然通道的区位优势,对包括旅游业在内的云南经济社会的发展产生深远影响。云南旅游业将面临机遇和挑战。云南旅游业应勇敢面对挑战,采取以下对策:(1)与国际大通道建设结合,统筹规划沿线旅游业的发展;(2)加强旅游与交通的结合;(3)加强同其它邻近省份、国家的旅游合作;(4)提高人口的旅游意识和综合素质;(5)打造旅游精品,优化旅游产品结构;(6)加强生态环境和民族文化的保护。     

基于因子分析的广西旅游区划

引入因子分析法,围绕旅游业发展现状和总体经济发展水平两大因素,选取了2010年广西统计年鉴中反映旅游业发展水平的11个主要旅游经济指标,运用SPSS软件对这些指标进行因子分析,得出广西14个地级城市旅游业发展水平综合排名,并结合各地级城市GDP的排名情况,验证广西旅游业发展“十二五”规划中关于旅游区划的定位决策。广西旅游区划的因子分析显示：以桂林市为“旅游龙头”的提法不全面;以南宁、桂林、梧州、北海为四大“旅游集散地”的提法中,梧州不符合实际;“三大国际旅游目的地”的提法中,“红水河流域”不符合实际;“两条旅游发展带、七大旅游发展区”的划分与实际情况基本吻合。基于“旅游业-GDP”维度的广西旅游区划分析显示,14个地级城市可以分为4类：旅游业和GDP均发展较好的城市,包括南宁市、桂林市、柳州市和百色市;旅游业发展较好而经济较落后的城市,包括河池市和北海市;旅游业和GDP发展均较为落后的城市,包括贺州市、防城港市、崇左市、来宾市和钦州市;旅游业发展较落后而经济发展较好的城市,包括贵港市、梧州市和玉林市。桂林市和南宁市作为广西旅游业最发达的两个城市,应根据市场定位的不同形成“南北旅游双引擎”,旨在引领和带动全区旅游业的整体发展,而GDP与旅游业存在正向关系的广西旅游区划应该是有重点、分层次地合理布局才能遵循市场发展的客观规律。     

呼伦贝尔—阿尔山旅游区空间组织

运用最近邻分析法研究内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔-阿尔山旅游区旅游资源的空间分布状态,并以海拉尔市和阿尔山市为中心的空间点分布集聚性更为明显的A、B两个团簇为典型研究对象,分析A、B簇区的旅游资源特征与旅游活动类型逻辑关系、旅游地边际效用和旅游活动空间行为模式,并根据建筑学剖视图原理,运用“使用者温度计量”模式分析旅游地资源特征与目标细分市场游客偏好之间的紧密程度,通过有效组织强关联度的旅游活动实现A簇区和B簇区旅游资源开发。研究表明,最近邻分析模式、旅游地边际效用分析以及“使用者温度计量”模式为区域旅游活动空间组织提供了参考依据。     

贵州省旅游业区位重构研究

基于王瑛、王铮(2000)提出的旅游业区位模型,在考察了贵州省旅游景观分布后,本文修正了他们的模型,并划分了旅游业区位带:风景名胜带;奇异风光带;特色资源带;差异突出的文化与自然风光带。旅游业的这种空间机构类似杜能模型,但决不是杜能现象而是新地理现象。本文强调,贵州省以舞阳河为代表的喀斯特地貌景观属于青年期,在形态结构上不同于云南以石林为代表的壮年期地貌和广西的以桂林为代表的老年期地貌,是一种新的旅游地貌资源,需要突出资源特点开展营销。根据新的区位模型,本文讨论了贵州省旅游业区位,并且提出3条建议:通过建设高速公路将原来行程9小时的路程缩为6小时的;以舞阳河风景区为中心组织特色资源区;建设航空港发展一些资源条件好的地区为旅游亚中心。     

闽东山海旅游资源的开发与评价

闽东具有良好的区位优势和丰富的山海旅游资源，为发展旅游业提供了基础。本文通过对闽东旅游资源的分析及评价，阐述发展旅游业的有利条件和存在问题，并提出加快闽东旅游业发展的若干途径。     

依托资源优势发展石狮旅游业

石狮市具有良好的区位条件和丰富的旅游资源，为发展旅游业提供了可能性。本文通过对石狮市旅游资源的分析及评价，阐述发展旅游业的有利条件和存在问题，并提出相应的对策。     

依托资源优势发展石狮旅游业

石狮市具有良好的区位条件和丰富的旅游资源,为发展旅游业提供了可能性.本文通过对石狮市旅游资源的分析及评价,阐述发展旅游业的有利条件和存在问题,并提出相应的对策.     

连州市旅游业现状及发展对策

对连州市旅游业现状进行了分析，认为该市拥有较丰富的自然和人文旅游资源，但旅游区位条件先天不足，旅游市场未能打开局面，从而提出了开发该市旅游资源，提高旅游业发展水平的策略，以期促进该市社会经济的发展。     

粤港澳旅游业发展的现状和合作前景分析

本文对粤港澳三地旅游业发展的现状及相互关系作了较为详细的分析，并根据三地拥有丰富的旅游资源、优越的区位和交通条件、鲜明的旅游形象以良好的合作历史等基础，展望了１９９７年和１９９９年港澳两地回归祖国后粤港澳三方旅游业合作的前景，并提出了进一步加强旅游管理部门的联系和协调，建立粤港澳大旅游区的整体形象，加强旅游产品设计工作，进一步加深旅游业界的联系和合作，以及建立粤港澳区域旅游信息网络等合作途径。     

Journal of Resources and Ecology Total Contents of Volume 5, 2014

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BOOK REVIEWS

Books reviewed in this article: USA, Eine Geographische Landeskunde , Vol. I, Der Grossraum in Strukturellem, Wandel, 3rd Ed. Helmut Blume . Introduction to Remote Sensing . James B. Campbell . The Sounds of People and Places: Readings in the Geography of American Folk and Popular Music . George O. Carney , ED. Development and Underdevelopment . John Cole . Mobility and Employment in Urban Southeast Asia: Example from Indonesia and the Philippines . Michael A. Costello , Thomas R. Leinbach , AND Richard Ulack . Soviet Asia: Economic Development and National Policy Choices . Leslie Dienes . The Third World City . David Drakakis -Smith . Scholars' Guide to Washington, DC for Cartography and Remote Sensing Imagery (maps, charts, aerial photographs, satellite images, cartographic literature and geographic information systems). Ralph E. Ehrenberg . Population and Development in the Third World . Allan AND Anne Findlay . The Early Mapping of Hawaii . Gary L. Fitzpatrick . Energetics of Physical Environment: Energetic Approaches to Physical Geography . K. J. Gregory , ED. Wildland Recreation: Ecology and Management . William E. Hammitt and David N. Cole . Agricultural Commercialization and Government Policy in Africa . J. Hinderink AND J. J. Sterkenburg . The Dynamics of American Housing . James W. Hughes AND George Sternlieb . Thailand: Buddhist Kingdom as Modern Nation State . Charles F. Keyes . Resolving Locational Conflict . Robert W. Lake , ED. Lands at Risk in the Third World: Local-level Perspectives . Peter D. Little and Michael M. Horowitz , EDS. Nathaniel Southgate Shaler and the Culture of American Science . David N. Livingstone . Regions: The Economics and Politics of Territory . Ann R. Markusen . Wetlands . William J. Mitsch and James G. Gosselink . Historical Geography: Progress and Prospect . Michael Pacione , ED. Loess and Periglacial Phenomena . Marton P$eacsi and Hugh M. French , EDS. Regional Management of Metropolitan Floodplains, Experience in the United States and Abroad . Rutherford H. Platt , ED. Human Cartography: Mapping the World of Man . Janos Szegö . Atlas of Great Lakes Indian History . Helen H. Tanner , ED. The Botany of Mangroves . P. B. Tomlinson . Urban Spatial Traffic Patterns . Rodney Vaughan . The Night After … Climatic and Biological Consequences of a Nuclear War . Yevgeni Velikhov , ED. Industrial Geography . H. D. Watts . Dictionary of Quotations in Geography . James O. Wheeler and Francis M. Sibley . Vermont Townscape . Norman Wiliams , Jr. , Edmund K. Kellogg and Peter M. Lavigne .     

The environmental history of a mountain lake (Lago Paione Superiore, Central Alps, Italy) for the last c. 100 years: a multidisciplinary, palaeolimnological study

A palaeoecological study of an oligotrophic alpine lake, Paione Superiore (Italy), provided a record of historical changes in water quality. Historical trends in lake acidification were reconstructed by means of calibration and regression equations from diatoms, chrysophycean scales and pigment ratios. The historical pH was inferred by using two different diatom calibration data sets, one specific to the alpine region. These pH trends, together with the record of sedimentary carbonaceous particles and chironomid remains, indicate a recent acidification of this low alkalinity lake.Concentration of total organic matter, organic carbon, nitrogen, biogenic silica (BSiO₂), chlorophyll derivatives (CD), fucoxanthin, diatom cell concentration and number of chironomid head capsules increased during the last 2–3 decades. When expressed as accumulation rates, most of these parameters tended to decrease from the past century to c. 1950, then all except P increased to the present day. A marked increase in sedimentary nitrogen may be related to atmospheric pollution and to the general increases in output of N in Europe. High C/N ratios indicate a prevailing allochthonous source of organic matter.Finally, the increase in measured air temperature from the mid-1800's appeared to be related to lake water pH before industrialization: cold periods generally led to lower pH and vice-versa. The more recent phenomenon of anthropogenic acidification has apparently decoupled this climatic-water chemistry relationship.     

A fishery in a changing lake environment: The naked carpGymnocypris przewalskii (Kessler) (Cyprinidae: schizothoracinae) in Qinghai Hu,China

Quinghai Hu is a large, high-altitude, saline lake in north-western China, and supports a fishery based on an endemic species of naked carp (snow trout). The fish take seven years to attain maturity and a marketable weight of 300 g, and have a lifespan of 14–21 years under the present fishery regime. They seasonally migrate from the lake to spawn over the gravel beds of inflowing rivers, but these areas have been reduced by weirs and irrigation diversions and recruitment may have declined. The population may have been affected also by a 1.85-m fall in the lake level over the past 30 years, and by associated changes in salinity. The fishery was opened to large-scale exploitation in 1958. Yields declined sharply (max. 28,523 tonnes, 1960) as the larger, older fish were removed, and then more slowly (min. 2523 tonnes, 1983). Since 1987 the fish factory has been limited to an annual quota of 1200 tonnes, taken by a fleet of four pair trawlers. Another 800 tonnes are taken by licensed fishermen, mainly using gill nets, and perhaps 1000 tonnes are taken illegally. The estimated total catch in 1992 was 3000 tonnes. New trawlers introduced in 1989–90 substantially increased the factory's catch per unit effort, and in 1990 the quota was virtually filled in one month in a zone within 20 km of the factory. Although this could suggest that the stocks will be conserved if the quota is retained, at least half of the catch in 1989–92 consisted of immature individuals. Trawling operations recently were suspended following a further decline in the catch after 1992. While the new trawlers are capable of a major increase in effort, neither the changing environment, the fish stocks or the present markets favour intensified pressure. Gillnets may provide better control over the minimum size limit and may cause less damage than trawling. Other options to improve the viability and profitability of the fishery include improvements in handling, processing and marketing. Failure to develop the fishery may encourage attempts to introduce exotic fish, at some risk to survival of the local species.     

Chironomidae (Diptera) remains in surficial lake sediments from the Canadian Cordillera: analysis of the fauna across an altitudinal gradient

The altitudinal distribution of Chironomidae (Diptera) in the southern Canadian Cordillera was analyzed by means of head capsules preserved in surficial sediments of 30 lakes. Taxa characteristic of late-glacial deposits of southern, coastal British Columbia are extant at high elevations, particularly in the Rocky Mountains, and in large, deep, low-elevation lakes. Many chironomid taxa common at low elevations in the southern Canadian Cordillera were not found in alpine and upper subalpine lakes. These faunal differences are probably climatically related. The differences in fauna between high and low-elevation lakes parallel differences between arctic and temperate lakes.     

“THIS TERRITORY WAS NOT EMPTY”: PACIFIC POSSIBILITIES

ABSTRACT. Narratives concerning Pacific Ocean territories are often historically derived from European and American mainland visions of great, empty oceans dotted with deserted and uninhabited islands. However, research by indigenous and outlander scholars, along with struggles for political and cultural autonomy in the Pacific, has brought attention to vital island communities and 6has raised questions about a Pacific‐island way of understanding the world. This understanding is traced through scholarly and artistic engagements with history, island‐community studies, and navigational philosophies and is framed by a growing theoretical literature on epistemologies of place from the disciplines of geography and oceanography.     

Comparison of precipitation products to observations in Tibet during the rainy season

Precipitation is an important component of global water and energy transport and a major aspect of climate change. Due to the scarcity of meteorological observations, the precipitation climate over Tibet has been insufficiently documented. In this study, the distribution of precipitation during the rainy season over Tibet from 1980 to 2013 is described on monthly to annual time scales with meteorological observations. Furthermore, four precipitation products are compared to observations over Tibet. These datasets include products derived from the Asian Precipitation-Highly-Resolved Observational Data(APHRO), the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre(GPCC), the University of Delaware(UDel), and the China Meteorological Administration(CMA). The error, relative error, standard deviation, root-mean-square error, correlations and trends between these products for the same period are analyzed with in situ precipitation during the rainy season from May to September. The results indicate that these datasets can broadly capture the temporal and spatial precipitation distribution over Tibet. The precipitation gradually increases from northwest to southeast. The spatial precipitation in GPCC and CMA are similar and positively correlated to observations. Areas with the largest deviations are located in southwestern Tibet along the Himalayas. The APHRO product underestimates, while the UDel, GPCC, and CMA datasets overestimates precipitation on the basis of monthly and inter-annual variation. The biases in GPCC and CMA are smaller than those in APHRO and UDel with a mean relative error lower than 10% during the same periods. The linear trend of precipitation indicates that the increase in precipitation has accelerated extensively during the last 30 years in most regions of Tibet. The CMA generally achieves the best performance of these four precipitation products. Data uncertainty in Tibet might be caused by the low density of stations, complex topography between the grid points and stations, and the interpolation methods, which can also produce an obvious difference between the gridded data and observations.     

Modern and fossil Potamids (Gastropoda) in saline lakes

Potamids generally live in estuaries, lagoons, and along protected sea shores. However, their ability to colonize intracontinental lakes has been underestimated due to non- or misidentifications. Potamides conicus, the only present lacustrine Potamid currently found in North Africa, belongs to a lagoon-type (thalassoid) malacofauna, dominated by the Cardium Cerastoderma glaucum: this fauna occurs in association with Foraminifera (especially Ammonia beccarii) and Ostracoda (Cyprideis gr. Torosa). Potamids have been found 250 to 900 km from the nearest sea shore: passive dispersal (probably through birds) is the primary dispersal mechanism. Shell morphology and ornamentation can be used to characterize life environment (lacustrine versus marine) but not distance from sea shore. The presence of Potamid-Foraminifera fauna in the fossil record has been interpreted as providing evidence for a sea connection (e.g., gulfs, lagoons). However, more recent paleoecological studies have demonstrated that such assemblages span an ecological gradient from freshwater to hypersaline lacustrine environments. Thus, the occurrence of modern Potamids in lacustrine (in addition to maritime) environments has important implications for Quaternary and Tertiary paleogeographic investigations. Lacustrine Potamids have been recorded from the European Tertiary (France, Spain) and from the Sahara Holocene. More research is required for the better understanding of the distribution and ecology of Potamids in modern and fossil lakes of other continents.This publication is the fifth of a series of papers presented at the Conference on Sedimentary and Paleolimnological Records of Saline Lakes. This Conference was held August 13–16, 1991 at the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada. Dr Evans is serving as Guest Editor.