感耦等离子体质谱法测定地质样品中痕量稀土元素的研究

本文采用感耦等离子体-质谱法(ICP-MS)对地质样品中痕量稀土元素的测定进行了研究。选择了测定的最佳仪器参数;详细讨论了各种干扰因素及其校正方法。ICP-MS方法测定稀土元素分量的检出限在0.0x-0.x ng/ml范围,优于ICP-OES 1—2个数量级。因此,本文采用混合酸分解样品直接测定多数地质样中ppm级痕量稀土元素,同时采用碱熔试样—离子交换富集后实现了超基性岩试样中ppb级稀土元素分量的测定。对国家级标准样品进行测定,其结果与推荐值相符。     

离子交换分离——荧光分光光度法测定地质样品中痕量铌

荧光分光光度法测定痕量铌已有报导,其中文献曾报导过少数铌钽精矿样品中铌的测定,但未见广泛应用于各类地质样品中痕量铌的测定。我们在文献的基础上,进一步研究了铌在桑色素(morin)-十六烷三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)胶束体系的荧光特性,共存元素的干扰及其用阳离子树脂交换分离的条件。实验测得本法检出限为0.27ng/ml,测定限为0.54ng/ml,比文献提高1.9倍;0.5μgNb经11次测定标准偏差为0.0125,变动系数为2.49％;标准加入回收率为:96.00—110.00％。实验结果表明:本法具有简单、灵敏、准确等特点,适合于岩石、土壤、水系沉积物等成分复杂的地质样品中痕量铌的测定。     

氢化物—石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定岩石土壤及水样中的微量锡

本文针对地质样品中的微量锡,汇集了氢化物、石墨炉二种方法的优点,对仪器及操作作了改进,将发生的气相氢化物通过干燥,用液氮冷凝使之富集,最后导入石墨炉原子化,从而使原子吸收分光光度法测定锡的灵敏度有很大的提高。分析方法的检出限为0.035ppm灵敏度为0.024ng/ml/1％。可分析含2×10~(-5)—3×10~(-3)％锡的样品。 一、仪器及装置 1.仪器P—E420型原子吸收分光光度 计     

纸色谱分离目视比色法测定岩石中微量铀

本法用盐酸、氢氟酸、硝酸分解样品,以丁酮—甲基异丁基甲酮—硝酸—水为展开剂,上升法层析1—2小时,用0.2％铀试剂Ⅲ的水溶液(含1％硝酸)喷色。与标准系列0.1—1.0微克铀进行目视比色。可测定0·0000x-0.00x％的铀。 这方法已用于测定岩石中微量铀的生产任务,测定的结果与中子活化分析结果比较接近。     

743离子交换快速分离—等离子体光谱法同时测定十五个稀土元素

本文研制了适用于地质样品中15个稀土元素分析的快速方法。样品经碱熔沉淀分离和743阳离子交换树脂分离富集将稀土元素制备成溶液用等离子体光谱法(ICP-AES)进行测量。方法检出限为0.002-0.3μg/g,当稀土元素含量为0.5-80,μg/g时,方法相对标准偏差为15％-2％。本方法经过多年的样品分析考验以及不断的改进和完善,证明方法简便快速,分析数据稳定可靠,能很好地满足地质样品中15个稀土分量测定的要求。     

苏北东台坳陷古新统阜宁组三段微量、稀土元素地球化学特征及其地质意义

沉积岩的微量、稀土元素对沉积环境的水介质变化有着较高的敏感度,对于研究古环境、沉积物源性质和构造背景方面具有重要的意义。前人对于东台坳陷元素地球化学方面的研究相对薄弱,利用元素地球化学资料解释古环境和源区性质方面的研究尚属空白。本文以苏北东台坳陷古新统阜宁组三段20件泥岩样品为研究对象,对其进行微量、稀土元素测定,并分析其地球化学特征及所揭示的地质意义。结果表明:(1)Sr含量、Sr/Cu、Rb/Sr、La_n/Yb_n比值指示干热气候;Li、Sr、Ni、Ga微量元素含量和Sr/Ba比值均指示淡水—半咸水的水体环境,整体以淡水环境为主,偶有咸水注入盆地,局部为半咸水环境;而V/(V+Ni)、V/Cr、Ni/Co、U/Th、δCe指示氧化—弱还原的水体环境。(2)Co/Th—La/Sc、La/Th—Hf判别图解和稀土元素配分模式,表明阜宁组三段沉积岩应来自于上地壳的长英质物质。(3)La—Th—Sc、Th—Co—Zr/10和Th—Sc—Zr/10构造背景判别图解反映了大陆岛弧与活动大陆边缘的构造背景,且与Bhatia不同构造背景杂砂岩的微量、稀土元素特征值的对比分析结果一致。     

在苯甲酰丙酮存在下,用PMBP树脂分离富集微量稀土元素

本文采用PMBP树脂定量分离富集微量稀土元素,提出加入少量苯甲酰丙酮,可使微量稀土元素被PMBP树脂定量吸附,用0.1N盐酸溶液又可使稀土元素定量洗脱。进而拟定了岩石矿物中微量稀土元素总量的测定手续。对于含量为0.171％、0.320％的稀土样品测得标准偏差分别为0.0062、0.0044,变动系数分别为3.64％、1.24％。     

高氯酸——硫脲介质AAS法测定高含量银的研究

本文提出了在高氯酸－硫脲介质中,用AAS法测定银的新方法。实验结果表明：线性范围为0—3．μg/ml,回收率为96．3％－103．8％,相对标准缩差小于3．12％。本法适用于地质样品中银的测定,结果令人满意。     

化探样品中微量铬的催化极谱测定

有关铬的催化极谱测定,自1963年以来,已有一些报导,但应用于矿物岩石中微量铬的测定,确存在有不少问题。高小霞教授提出的Cr(Ⅵ)—乙二胺(en)—亚硝酸钠体系,灵敏度较高,我们为了解决化探样品中微量铬的测定问题,研究了此体系。在实验中发现,在此体系中加入0.002％的明胶溶液后,波形变好,波高稳定,线性范围变宽。铬的浓度在2.8×10~(-3)—5×10~(-5)μg/ml范围内,峰电流和浓度呈良好的线性关系,可检出0.001 ppb的铬,30多种共存离子对测定无影响。根据实验结果,最好的底液是0.12M NaNO_2,1.8×10~(-3)M en,0.002％明胶溶液。初步应用于化探样品中微量铬的测定,结果令人满意。     

乙醇增强—电感耦合等离子体质谱法直接测定地质样品中碲

建立了HF—HN03密封酸溶以及Na2O2熔融处理样品，乙醇增强灵敏度，电感耦合等离子体质谱直接测定地质样品中微量和超痕量碲的方法。样品溶液中加入乙醇(φ＝4％)，在0．85L/min的载气流速下，碲信号可增强2．5倍以上。碲的方法检出限(100，DF＝1000)为0．02μg/g。用土壤和水系沉积物国家一级标准物质验证了方法的准确度，标准物质的绝大多数分析结果与标准值的误差在允许范围内。分析了大洋多金属结核样品及深海沉积物样品中的微量碲，结果与其他方法相符，精密度试验RSD(n＝3)＜10％。     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of     

OCEANOGRAPHY & MARINE GEOLOGY

正20140582 Fang Xisheng(Key Lab.of Marine Sedimentology and Environmental Geology,First Institute of Oceanography,State Oceanic Administration,Qingdao 266061,China);Shi Xuefa Mineralogy of Surface Sediment in the Eastern Area off the Ryukyu Islands and Its Geological Significance(Marine Geology Quaternary Geology,ISSN0256-1492,CN37     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141810 Bian Yumei(Geological Environmental Monitoring Center of Liaoning Province,Shenyang 110032,China);Zhang Jing Zoning Haicheng,Liaoning Province,by GeoHazard Risk and Geo-Hazard Assessment(Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation,ISSN1006-4362,CN51-1467/P,24(3),2013,p.5-9,2 illus.,tables,refs.)