湖州市土壤磁化率与重金属元素分布规律及其相关性研究

通过对84个地表土样、17个剖面土样和11个基岩样的磁参数与化学分析测试,对湖州市进行了土壤磁化率与重金属元素分布规律、成因及两者的相关性研究.结果表明:表层土壤磁化率高值异常区与土壤重金属元素高值分布区吻合程度非常高,剖面土壤磁化率值与重金属元素含量总体上均呈向下递减的相同特点;表层土壤磁化率与重金属元素高值异常均系人类经济工程活动影响所致,主要与当地城镇生活垃圾随意堆放、垃圾施肥、工业粉尘、废气、废物和污水排放、农药和化肥的过量使用等有关;表层土壤磁化率值与重金属元素Cd、Hg、Pb、As和Cr含量之间在不同环境条件下相关性有着明显的差异.在旱地土壤中磁化率与重金属元素Hg、Pb高度相关,与Cd、As和Cr不相关;在水田土壤中磁化率与重金属元素Pb、As高度相关,与Cd显著相关,而与Hg、Cr不相关.     

新疆伊犁晚全新世风成沙-古土壤序列磁化率特征及气候变化

选择新疆伊犁河谷塔克尔莫乎尔沙漠古风成沙-古土壤沉积剖面为研究对象,通过73块样品的磁化率及其与TOC、CaCO3、Fe2O3和粒度组成的相关分析,并以OSL测年为时间标尺,讨论剖面沉积的磁化率变化机制及其古气候意义。结果表明:剖面低频磁化率（χlf）与16～250 μm百分含量为正相关,即低频磁化率χlf变化主要受粗组分含量变化的影响。其中,古风成沙χlf值多高于古土壤,这与我国季风区沙漠沉积的磁化率变化特征相反。根据剖面磁化率及各种环境指标综合分析,研究区3.7 kaBP以来的气候变化可划分为5个阶段:3.71～3.06 kaBP凉湿、3.06～2.78 kaBP冷干、2.78～2.10 kaBP凉湿、2.10～0.50 kaBP冷湿、0.50～0.00 kaBP温干。晚全新世气候变化与周边地区古气候记录有较好的一致性,并与同期北大西洋表层海温变化事件呈现很好的遥相关,总体上表现为相对暖干、凉湿的典型西风气候变化模式。     

武汉市东湖沉积物的磁性特征与重金属含量之间的关系

对武汉市东湖主湖区的郭郑湖和塘林湖114个沉积物样品的磁化率与代表性样品的频率磁化率系数、磁滞回线参量和重金属元素进行系统分析, 综合区域环境背景, 探讨应用岩石磁性方法技术评价大型城市内陆湖泊沉积物污染程度的可行性及其效果.结果表明, 在主成分中, 郭郑湖沉积物没有一个主成分占绝对优势, 仅有少数重金属元素含量与磁化率相关, 磁化率χ与重金属富集强度的相关性较差; 而塘林湖沉积物有一个“工业源”的主成份占绝对优势, Fe (全铁)、Co、V、Mn、Ti、Ba、Cr、Ni、Cu等元素与饱和等温剩磁SIRM、χ关系密切(相关系数大于0.87).郭郑湖与塘林湖的沉积物的饱和等温剩磁与重金属富集强度的相关程度高于磁化率, 因此, 可以用其(SIRM) 作为环境污染程度的指示参量.      

大冶大港河水系沉积物中重金属来源分析

大冶铜绿山铜铁矿是长汀中下游重要的金属矿山之一,近年来矿山周边环境问题引起了广泛的关注.测试分析了大港河20件水系沉积物样品中重金属含量、磁化率和粒度等指标,运用平均富集因子和主成分分析方法探讨了沉积物中重金属元素的含量变化特征及元素之间的共生组合规律,评价了重金属的富集程度,并分析了其可能来源,得到以下基本认识:(1...     

趋磁细菌及磁小体对黄土-古土壤序列磁化率贡献的模拟实验研究

选择西峰和段家坡两个黄土剖面,对磁化率变化显著的L₆-S₅-L₅层段,通过对样品中的趋磁细菌(MB)用相同的培养基富集及生长培养,初步定量模拟了MB和磁小体(MSs)对黄土-古土壤序列磁化率的贡献。富集培养MB后,段家坡剖面样品磁化率表现出不同程度的增高,最大达116.4%(DS_5-1)。以古土壤样品XS_5-1、DS_5-1为介质生长培养MB,DS_5-1磁化率的增长与接种的菌液量呈近似线性关系。此外,生长培养后古土壤样品频率磁化率与FeO/Fe₂O₃比值呈现出相似的变化趋势,证实了磁小体的形成。由此表明:1)MB和MSs是影响黄土剖面磁化率的因素之一,受气候和地质环境等因素的影响,不同地区黄土剖面MB的生长和MSs的形成存在差异,因此对磁化率的贡献也不尽相同;2)MSs是黄土-古土壤序列中超细粒磁性物质的组成部分。当气候环境比较适宜MSs形成及保存时,MSs在黄土剖面中超细粒(≤50nm)磁性组分中比重会相应增高,对磁化率和频率磁化率的影响也更为突出。     

天山北麓典型黄土沉积序列的磁学特征及主控因子初探

新疆黄土岩石磁学特征与地层性质的对应关系具有鲜明的区域特征.本文选取沙湾黄土剖面进行较为系统的岩石磁学分析.研究结果表明,沙湾剖面的磁性矿物组成与黄土高原及新疆北部其他黄土剖面相似,以亚铁磁性矿物(如磁铁矿、磁赤铁矿)为主要的载磁矿物,同时含有一定量的不完全反铁磁性矿物(如赤铁矿、针铁矿)和顺磁性矿物.假单畴(PSD)和多畴(MD)为样品的主要磁畴特征,部分土壤样品中磁性矿物磁畴状态表现为单畴(SD).进一步分析发现,磁化率与地层对应关系较为复杂,剖面3m以上地层中的磁化率及其他相关磁学参数与成壤强度呈现正相关关系,全新世以来发育的古土壤中磁化率值较高,细颗粒磁性矿物含量也较高;而3m之下地层中磁学参数显著表现为风力强度驱动变化模式.古风场强度的变化可能对剖面整体磁学性质具有一定的影响,成壤作用受到风动力条件的制约,主要决定了较细颗粒磁性矿物的含量变化.xARM/SIRM参数与磁化率相比对地层成壤强度的指示作用更为明显.     

德兴铜矿地区土壤的基本特征及其对重金属元素的吸附研究

本文首先分析了江西德兴铜矿区周围土壤的微量元素和矿物组成特征,结果显示该地区重金属元素富集,且表层土中重金属元素含量与粘土矿物相对含量变化具有较好的一致性。室内土柱淋滤实验结果表明,当总淋滤时间为451 h时,土壤对Pb²⁺的总吸附量为2 584.75 mg/kg,淋滤实验的前半期存在多种竞争吸附机制,后半期土壤对Pb²⁺的吸附基本达到动态平衡。淋滤后土壤矿物的相对质量分数发生了改变,粘土矿物有所减少。粘土矿物在不同土壤层对Pb²⁺的吸附能力也各异。     

四川省沐川县典型土壤剖面重金属分布特征和生态风险评价

根据全国土壤污染状况调查显示，全国土壤的环境状况总体不容乐观，耕地土壤环境质量令人担忧，已对粮食安全构成威胁。已有的研究工作多集中于土壤重金属的空间分布特征及污染源分析、重金属污染风险评估以及评估方法，但对于不同土壤深度重金属在耕地中的积累与剖面分布的变化及其生态风险分析相对较少。为研究四川省沐川县土壤剖面重金属分布特征和生态风险，本文在研究区选择三个不同地质背景区采集了土柱剖面样品开展相关工作。结果表明：样品中As、Cd、Hg、Pb、Ni、Cu、Zn七项指标中，除了Cu外，其余重金属元素含量都高于国家和四川省土壤背景值，表明这些元素在土壤中呈现不同程度地富集。土壤中7种重金属的浓度与土壤养分(氮、磷、钾)，土壤有机碳和pH值存在相关性，如在玉米地剖面中，氮和磷与Cd呈显著正相关，相关系数分别为0.845、0.747。大量研究表明，磷肥中含有一定量的重金属。磷肥中重金属含量高低与磷矿及其来源有关，磷肥能够增加土壤Cd含量。土壤有机碳与Cd呈显著正相关，相关系数为0.934，其原因是土壤有机质对重金属的吸附作用，有机碳对土壤中重金属的保留起了重要作用。pH值与Cd呈显著负相关，相关系数为...     

武汉市东湖周边近地表土壤磁化率特征及其环境意义

测量了武汉市东湖周边3个采样区60个土壤样品的磁化率及24个代表样品的重金属元素质量分数,对土壤磁化率和重金属元素质量分数进行了相关分析与聚类分析,探讨应用土壤磁化率参量及测量技术对大范围区域污染环境评价的指示意义.结果表明,土壤磁化率与重金属元素Ca、Cu、Pb、Sr、Zn质量分数显著相关,相关系数分别高达0.930,0.836,0.864,0.879和 0.879;重金属元素Ba、Cr、Fe、Mg、Mn质量分数与磁化率中度-弱相关,相关系数分别为0.447,0.303,0.557,0.528,0.333.聚类分析结果表明,不同采样区地表土壤的污染源之间存在一定差异.这些结果为应用土壤磁化率(尤其是原位磁化率)测量技术在该区进行大尺度和高精度环境评价提供了基础.     

天津蓟州平原区典型剖面硒元素土壤地球化学特征及其影响因素

通过采集不同沉积环境区域典型剖面土壤样品,对天津市蓟州区西南平原不同沉积环境土壤剖面中硒(Se)含量特征及其影响因素开展研究。结果表明,研究区各沉积环境典型剖面土壤Se含量均表现为表层富集的现象,冲积-湖沼相剖面土壤Se含量整体小于其他沉积环境土壤剖面,各沉积环境剖面土壤Se含量均未达到天然富Se土地标准;湖沼相沉积环境剖面土壤Se含量与有机质、Mn含量呈现显著正相关性,与pH值呈现显著负相关性,与Fe₂O₃含量呈现一定正相关性;冲积-湖沼相沉积环境剖面土壤Se含量与有机质呈现显著正相关性,与Mn含量、pH值呈现比较显著负相关性;冲积相沉积环境剖面土壤Se含量与有机质呈现比较显著正相关性;冲洪积相沉积环境剖面土壤Se含量与有机质有一定的正相关性,与Mn含量呈现比较显著负相关性。     

Magnetic properties and heavy metal content of sanitary leachate sludge in two landfill sites near Bandung,Indonesia

Magnetic properties and heavy metal content of landfill leachate sludge samples from two municipal solid waste disposal sites near Bandung, West Java, Indonesia, and their correlation with heavy metals are studied in the present work. Leachate was found to be sufficiently magnetic with mass-specific magnetic susceptibility that varies from 64.8 to 349.0 × 10⁻⁸ m³ kg⁻¹. It is, however, less magnetic than the soils around the landfill sites. The magnetic minerals are predominantly pseudo-single domain and multidomain magnetite. Leachate samples from the older but inactive disposal site, Jelekong, are found to be more magnetic than that from Sarimukti, the younger and active site. The enhancement of leachate due to the soil-derived ferrimagnetic particles is possibly the same for both Sarimukti and Jelekong. The fact that strong correlation between magnetic parameters and heavy metals is observed in Jelekong but is absent in Sarimukti suggests that the use of magnetic measurement as a proxy measurement for heavy metal content in leachate is plausible provided that the magnetic susceptibility exceeds certain threshold value. Moreover, the accumulation of magnetic minerals and heavy metals in leachate might depend on the activity and the age of landfill site.     

磁化率对土壤重金属污染的指示性研究——以沈阳新城子区为例

通过对399件表层土壤磁化率参数与化学组成的分析测试,较系统地总结了沈阳新城子区土壤磁化率特征,并初步进行了磁化率对土壤重金属污染的指示研究。结果表明:(1)不同土壤类型中磁化率差异较大,棕壤中由于人为作用较大,其均值最高。不同堆积类型中磁化率差别较大,洪积物和残坡积物中平均值最高,冲积物中最低。不同农作物对元素的需求不一样导致磁化率的含量变化范围存在着区别。(2)土壤的磁化率与土壤中Cd、Pb、Hg、Cu、Zn等重金属元素含量呈显著正相关,且与土壤pH值呈显著负相关关系,能反映出土壤酸化的状况,对土壤污染程度有较好的指示性。(3)利用磁化率可以快捷地划分污染区。     

Acid Mine Drainage and Heavy Metal Pollution from Solid Waste in the Tongling Mines, China

Based on investigation of the characteristics of solid waste of two different mines, the Fenghuangshan copper mine and the Xinqiao pyrite mine in Tongling, Anhui province in central-east China, the possibility and the differences of acid mine drainage （AMD） of the railings and the waste rocks are discussed, and the modes of occurrence of heavy metal elements in the mine solid waste are also studied. The Fenghuangshan copper mine hardly produces AMD, whereas the Xinqiao pyrite mine does and there are also differences in the modes of occurrence of heavy metal elements in the railings. For the former, toxic heavy metals such as Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, As and Hg exist mostly in the slag mode, as compared to the latter, where the deoxidization mode has a much higher content, indicating that large amounts minerals in the waste rocks have begun to oxidize at the earth surface. AMD is proved to promote the migration and spread of the heavy metals in mining waste rocks and lead to environmental pollution of the surroundings of the mine area.     

南京市历史文化层中土壤重金属元素的分布规律初探

文章对南京市城区不同地点出现的多个文化层中土壤的理化特征进行了系统研究。研究结果表明,文化层中土壤的重金属元素含量比南京市非城市土壤和背景平均值有增高的趋势,局部地段有巨量增高。从剖面纵向上看(时间上),这种增高现象主要发生在近现代、明清和六朝3个历史时期,这与历史上这些时期南京相对发达有关;而从横向地域上看(空间上),重金属元素含量的分布明显可以分成两组,两个组分别代表了地域上的不同,如明故宫-大行宫-中山东路一带历史上许多时期是皇城区,而内秦淮河流域一带则可能是古代的手工业和制造业区、商贸区和普通大众的生活区,这种明显的差别揭示出南京在各历史时期上的城市功能区是各不相同的。磁化率特征研究结果表明文化层中土壤的磁化率在各历史时期分布是不同的,磁化率的高峰时期有近现代、清朝和明朝时期;频率磁化率特征研究结果表明磁性矿物主要是外源输入造成的。与此同时磁化率高峰时期基本上与重金属元素增高地段是一致的,这进一步印证了文化层中重金属元素增高主要是由于外源污染物质的输入造成的。     

Environmental magnetic and geochemical characteristics of Chennai coastal sediments,Bay of Bengal,India

In this study, environmental magnetic, heavy metal and statistical analyses were conducted on 21 surface sediments collected from Chennai coast, India, to examine the feasibility of heavy metal pollution using magnetic susceptibility. The Chennai coastal sediment samples are dominated by ferrimagnetic minerals corresponding to magnetite-like minerals. The percentage of frequency dependent magnetic susceptibility reflects the presence of super-paramagnetic/single domain magnetic minerals in Chennai harbour, Cooum and Adayar rivers sediments. High pollution load index in sample E1, E2, CH7, C11, C12 and A16 is mainly due to anthropogenic activities such as, harbour activities, Cooum and Adayar rivers input and industrial effluent. Factor analysis shows that the magnetic concentration dependent parameters (χ, χ _ARM and SIRM) covary with the heavy metal concentrations, suggesting that the input of magnetic minerals and heavy metals in Chennai coastal sediments are derived from the same anthropogenic sources. Strong correlation obtained between pollution load index (PLI) and concentration dependent parameters (χ, χ _ARM and SIRM) for the polluted samples with magnetic susceptibility excess of 50×10^− 8 m³kg^− 1. Significant correlations between heavy metals and magnetic susceptibility point out the potential of magnetic screening/monitoring for simple and rapid proxy indicator of heavy metal pollution in marine sediments.     

黏土固化注浆帷幕控制重金属污染物运移的数值模拟

针对南昌市麦园垃圾卫生填埋场渗滤液防渗的实际情况,分析了重金属污染物在黏土固化注浆帷幕中的迁移转化特征,建立了地下水渗流模型和重金属污染物运移的耦合动力学模型。利用该模型对黏土固化注浆帷幕控制重金属污染物的迁移行为进行了模拟研究。数值模拟结果表明,在填埋场设计使用年限内黏土固化注浆帷幕对重金属污染物的阻滞率可以达到94.5 %以上,重金属污染物在防渗系统中的浓度范围沿地下水水流方向逐渐扩展,同一位置的浓度值随时间的延续呈逐渐增大的趋势,但距离污染源越远,污染物的浓度越低。结合现场检测情况,证明了黏土固化注浆帷幕对重金属污染物具有较强的污染控制能力。     

Relationship between magnetic properties and heavy metals of urban soils with different soil types and environmental settings: implications for magnetic mapping

Two types of soil (fluvisols and anthrosols) were collected from different environmental settings (suburb and industrial area) in Wuhan, central China, aiming to examine the applicability of magnetic mapping for heavy metal pollution of urban soil in a large region. Magnetic measurements and chemical analysis indicated elevated magnetization and heavy metal concentrations of topsoils in the industrial area. Magnetic susceptibility (χ), anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM) and saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) of fluvisols are much higher than those of anthrosols, but contrary for frequency-dependent susceptibility, indicating that soil magnetism strongly depends on the soil type/condition. Predominant magnetic carrier in topsoils in industrial area is pseudo-single-domain/multi-domain magnetite. Environmental scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive X-ray examination of the magnetic extracts from these topsoils revealed abundant spherical particles with diameters of 10–50 μm that are rich in iron-oxides, and could be attributed to the nearby industrial activities (e.g., steel work and power generation). Significant correlations were observed between magnetic concentration-related parameters (e.g., χ, ARM and SIRM) and concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, Hg and Tomlinson pollution load index. These results proposed that magnetic proxy mapping of soil pollution is an effective, fast and inexpensive tool for delineation of heavy metal pollution. However, interpretation of magnetic properties for such a purpose must be done on a site-specific basis, taking into account the possibilities of pedogenic enhancement/depletion under the specific soil conditions.     

Correlation between magnetic susceptibility and heavy metals in urban topsoil: a case study from the city of Xuzhou, China

Anthropogenic influence, mainly due to urban and industrial activities and traffic exhaust, may affect urban topsoil via atmospheric contamination and solid waste. Magnetic susceptibility measurements were conducted on 21 urban topsoil samples from the city of Xuzhou, China. High intensities of magnetic susceptibility were detected in the majority of the samples. SEM analysis shows that magnetic minerals are in the form of spherules and mainly due to anthropogenic inputs. The heavy metals Pb, Cu, Zn, Se, Sc, Mo, Fe, and Bi show strong correlations with magnetic susceptibility, and Ag, Ba, Cd, Ni, Cr, Sb, and Sn, on the other hand, show a weak correlation with magnetic susceptibility. Whereas, of these metals studied, only Hg has no significant correlation with the susceptibility. The Tomlinson pollution load index (PLI) also shows significant correlation with the susceptibility (χ). The present study shows that magnetic susceptibility is a fast, inexpensive, and non-destructive method for the detection and mapping of contaminated soils.     

Magnetic and ground probing radar measurements for soil pollution mapping in the industrial area of Val Basento (Basilicata Region, Southern Italy): a case study

The joint application of electromagnetic techniques for near-surface exploration is a useful tool for soil pollution monitoring and can also contribute towards describing the spatial distribution of pollutants. The results of a geophysical field survey that was carried out for characterizing the heavy metal and waste disposal soil pollution phenomena in the industrial area of Val Basento (Basilicata region, Southern Italy) are presented here. First, topsoil magnetic susceptibility measurements have been carried out for defining the spatial distribution of superficial pollution phenomena in the investigated area. Second, detailed and integrated measurements based on a high-resolution magnetic mapping and ground probing radar (GPR) profiling have been applied to investigate the subsurface in two industrial areas located in more polluted sites that were identified during the first phase. Our monitoring strategy discloses the way to rapidly define the zone characterized by high pollution levels deriving from chemical industries and traffic emissions and to obtain the way information about the presence of local buried sources of contamination.