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随着板块构造学说的兴起和发展,对大洋地区构造活动、地热及地壳-上地幔结构之间的关系已有了较为明确的认识。在大陆地区,由于其构造发展历史的复杂性,对这种关系的认识还远没有大洋区那样系统和清晰。但近二十年来,大陆地区各种地球物理资料的大量积累已为进行这种研究提供了较为坚实的基础。 相似文献
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西藏的地质工作虽然早在一百多年前就已开始了,但是,由于这个地区的特高海拔,高原独特的自然地理条件,地质工作主要集中在高原边缘地区,而广大的高原内部,长期以来,地质上几乎是个空白。六十年代以来,由于板块构造学说的兴起与发展,这里被认为是两个大陆板块相碰撞的典型例子,从而引起了世界地学界人士的瞩目。 相似文献
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谢鸣谦教授的《拼贴板块构造及其驱动机理》(以下简称《拼贴》)从板块观点对中国东北及邻区的大地构造进行了深入的探讨,书中提出的“微板块”与“拼贴”两词是讨论该区大地构造演化的关键词和核心内容。从书中体现出的学术思想看,作者并不唯板块是从。论述板块,但不拘泥于板块,反映出他对唯学说论的超越。岩石圈演化是客观存在,人们立足于局限的时间和空间试图去探知久远的岩石圈演化,不可能轻易得出结论;岩石圈演化的复杂性,决定它不可能成为某一学派绝对认识的试验场。这可能是作者必须拓宽视野的最根本的出发点,故《拼贴》一书熔断块构造、槽台学说和板块理论于一炉。 相似文献
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近十余年来,一种新的大地构造假说--岩石圈板块构造说,正在中外地学界广泛地流行着,激起了许多地质学和地球物理学工作者的强烈兴趣。一些学者运用这个假说已经解答了存在于地球科学方面长期以来所遗留下的不少难题。目前,板块构造假说正以空前旺盛的活力在向前发展并日臻完善起来。 相似文献
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"蓝色风暴"与"红色革命"——论创建新的"大陆构造学说" 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
60年代兴起的板块构造学说如一场"兰色风暴"席卷全球,开创了地球科学的新纪元。但是,板块构造学说也存在许多难以解释的问题,板块构造学说解决不了大陆地质问题。大陆有不同于海洋的特点,大陆需要有新的理论。为此,美国构造学家在2002年率先提出了超越板块构造(beyond plate tectonics)的思想,开辟了地球科学研究的新领域,具有里程碑式的意义。作者的研究发现,板块构造学说解释不了花岗岩问题,应当另辟蹊径,开展一场"红色革命",创建有别于板块构造学说的新的大陆构造学说。作者指出,板块构造不是全球构造,板块构造 地幔柱构造也不是全球构造,板块构造 大陆构造才是全球构造。文中回顾了中国大陆构造研究的历史和现状,建议将大陆的形成与演化、大陆构造与板块构造的关系、陆壳与地幔的关系和大陆变化与环境、生态、人居的关系作为大陆构造学研究的4个目标,提出4项研究任务,并建议以中国东部活化和青藏高原抬升两个课题作为研究的切入点。文中还探讨了大陆构造学研究的前景,分析了中国在创建新的大陆构造学中的有利条件和不利因素,指出开创新的大陆构造学说,需要国家的大投入,思想的大解放和人才的大引进。 相似文献
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六十年代以来,人们在海洋和大陆边缘积累了大量地质、地球物理和地球化学资料,应运而生的“板块学说”,把人们的视野扩展到占地球表面百分之七十的广阔海域,使人们看到了有关洋壳演变为陆壳的许多独特的地质现象,使原来主要在大陆上获得认识的一些地质现象要求新的解释。本文将在前人地质资料基础上,利用板块学说探讨扬子古板块的形成和对中国南方地壳发展的影响。 相似文献
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A. Kröner 《Precambrian Research》1977,4(2):163-213
The classical model of continental accretion and progressive cratonization, starting with an ancient nucleus onto which younger orogenic belts are welded (onion skin tectonics), has dominated geotectonic research for many years and has received new impetus with the general acceptance of the theory of plate tectonics. It has also been applied to the geotectonic evolution of large Precambrian crustal segments such as Africa.It is demonstrated, however, that new structural, geochronological and paleomagnetic data from Africa provide strong evidence for the existence of large cratonic continental plates since at least the Early Proterozoic which were later transected by linear mobile belts and thus partly destroyed. Crustal reworking and rejuvenation in these belts now gives the impression of younger orogens surrounding ancient “nuclei”.The geotectonic evolution of Africa is therefore characterized by plate destruction rather than by plate accretion with progressive cratonization, and only the “nuclei” have escaped this process.Many phenomena in the African mobile belts seem to indicate processes involving little or no relative motion of crustal plates or crustal shortening between them, and there is as yet no evidence of former oceanic plates to have been generated or consumed. It is therefore suggested that large-scale dispersive movements of major continental fragments were uncommon or absent in the Early and Middle Precambrian.Widespread drift may only have begun during the Late Precambrian/Early Paleozoic Pan African Tectogenesis, eventually leading to a crustal evolution as envisaged by the modern theory of global tectonics. 相似文献
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大陆岩石圈和大洋岩石圈有着深刻的差别,运用板块构造理论和模式研究大陆岩石圈会遇到许多特殊的问题。本文从陆缘演化和多个板块构造旋回叠加两方面做了初步探讨,提出岩浆型被动陆缘是独立的一类古陆缘;在辨认后续板块构造旋回叠加中,新构造成分和格局的确定有重要意义。本文还讨论了汲取大陆地质研究经验,在新的学科水平上重新解释传统大地构造学中一些有用概念的意义。 相似文献
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Various stages of the development of sedimentary basins along the ancient margins of the North American and South American
plates are considered. It is shown that the potential of the oil-and-gas bearing is related to a certain stage of evolution
of the basins. For the margins of the North American plate, it is the first stage of development in the structure of the ancient
Paleozoic continental margins that developed under passive tectonic conditions. For the basins along the ancient margins of
the South American plate, it is the second stage, which is the stage of the formation and development of foredeeps overlaid
on the earlier structures. An interesting regularity is displayed: than younger the folding-mountain structures that originated
in the distal parts of the continental margins, than greater the age range of source rocks in the sedimentary basins preserved
there. 相似文献
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Relationships Between the North China Plate and the Tarim Plate 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Wang Tingyin Wang Jinrong Liu Jinkun D epartment of Geology Lanzhou U niversity Lanzhou GansuWang Shizheng Ningxia Bureau of Geology Mineral Resources Yinchuan Ningxiaand Wu Jiahong Shenyang Institute of Geology Mineral Resources Shenyang Liaoning 《《地质学报》英文版》1994,68(2)
The relationships and boundary between the North China and Tarim plates have been unclear for a long time ; however, the two plates occupy a prominent position in the formation and evolution of the continental lithosphere of China. It is proposed that the Engger Us ophiolitic melange zone discovered recently north of Alaxa is a typical suture between the two plates. The ophiolitic melange zone is composed mainly of a mixture of fragments of ancient oceanic crust and sedimentary rocks of active and passive continental margins. The melange may be divided into tectonic inclusions and matrix. The suture extends northeastwards into the Republic of Mongolia and probably westwards to meet the Altun fault. With the Engger Us ophiolitic melange zone as the boundary the Alaxa area may be divided into two parts: the northern part (AN ) belongs to the Tarim plate, while the southern part (AS) the North China plate. Geological evidence shows that the two plates were amalgamated in the Late Permian or a bit later. 相似文献
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六十年代以来,由于卫星重力测量和计算技术的迅速发展,有些研究者,如Runcorn(1967)和Liu(1976-1980),根据卫星重力数据计算获得地幔对流及其应力场图象来研究全球板块构造和区域构造。愈来愈多的事实表明,构造运动不仅是地壳和岩石圈层物质运动的表现,而更重要的是地幔物质运动的反映。因此,本文应用作者计算获得的岩石圈层下面地幔流运动图象与大地构造及近代构造运动的资料相对比,探索我国岩石圈层下的地幔对流格局形成及其对构造运动的影响。 相似文献
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中国河南东秦岭—桐柏成矿区、带的划分 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
东秦岭桐柏区域成矿规律的研究,是以不同时期的板块或地体俯冲或碰撞增生构造分析为基础。根据华北地台南缘由两个早寒武地体所组成,划分出华熊成矿区和嵩箕成矿区。著名的秦岭—桐柏褶皱带即为秦岭—桐柏成矿带;而成矿亚带的划分是以不同时期活动陆缘增生或造山带为根据的,它们分别是中元古、加里东和海西成矿亚带。文中阐述了构造环境和成矿作用,并提出花岗岩类及其成矿作用板块构造模式,特别是中生代大储内都挤压或A—型俯冲的成岩成矿模式。 相似文献
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序言前陆盆地是由板块碰撞引起侧向挤压,进而形成冲断推覆体(thrust mass)加载于大陆边缘,使大陆地壳周缘前陆隆起(peripheral forebulge)形成的一种不对称盆地,它的一侧与发育周缘前陆隆起的克拉通大陆为邻,另一侧靠近冲断推覆体。靠近冲断推覆体侧的一端主要发育陆源碎屑沉积,而靠近克拉通大陆的一边则发育成为碳酸盐台地。由于碰撞后大陆岩石圈的持续俯冲,造成冲断推覆体跨过先前被动大陆边缘,进而向克拉通陆内迁移发展,致使碳酸盐台地最终全被陆源碎屑掩埋。最初,冲断推覆体位于海平面之下,随着冲断推覆体叠加而成山链,加载于大陆边缘薄的外部地壳之上,沿缝合线形成一个深而狭长的边缘海槽地,接受陆源泥和深海沉积物沉 相似文献