铷—锶年龄测定中样品制备的一种新方法

在铷—锶年龄测定中,制样工作占有重要地位。要从千变万化的岩石、矿物样品中制出能满足质谱测定的Rb、Sr同位素样品,要使Rb~(87)和Sr~(87)这对同量异位素完全分离,就需要有一个简便、完备的方法。国内、外的Rb—Sr同位素实验室大都采用离子交换分离制样法。     

地质样品中Sr同位素比值测定的Rb干扰校正初探

在地质样品Sr同位素比值测定中,由于~(87)Rb与~(87)Sr是同质异位素,在质谱分析中~(87)Rb会干扰87Sr的测定,降低了测试数据的准确度和精确度,所以样品化学分离时Rb和Sr的良好分离尤为重要.但是对于高Rb高Sr或高Rb低Sr的样品,要实现Rb和Sr良好分离是比较困难的.     

日本岩石标准样品的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值和铷、锶含量的测定

本文报导了对12个日本“火成岩系列”岩石标准样品的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值和Rb、Sr含量的测定结果。Rb、Sr含量采用同位素稀释法测定,~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值单独取样经分离后由质谱计直接测量。对NBS-987和NBS-607标准样品~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr单次测定的分析精度和重复分析的再现性均好于0.03％,NBS-607中Rb、Sr含量测定结果与证书值的最大偏差小于0.6％。直接测定日本“火成岩系列”岩石标样的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr,与同位素稀释法测定的结果吻合,用不同浓度的稀释剂在不同仪器上测定的Rb、Sr含量在实验误差范围内一致,表明测定的结果可靠。     

高Rb/Sr岩石样品中Sr同位素多接收等离子体质谱分析校正方法研究

在利用多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱(MC-ICPMS)进行Sr同位素研究中,⁸⁷Rb对于⁸⁷Sr干扰严重。岩石样品经化学分离后,若Rb/Sr≤0.0005,可以采用传统的Rb干扰扣除方法对⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr测定值进行准确校正;但如果样品经化学分离后仍含有较高的Rb/Sr比,同量异位素的干扰不能完全消除,则无法准确校正⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr测定值,直接影响测试结果的准确度。本文针对Rb含量较高的地质样品设计两组实验,确定了⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr同位素比值与Rb/Sr元素含量比值的关系曲线,并在理论分析的基础上,提出包含同位素分馏校正在内的重叠干扰校正方法。通过实际地质样品验证,该校正方法在较高含量Rb元素共存(Rb/Sr<0.2)的Sr纯化液中,能够较为准确地测量⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr同位素比值,降低了MC-ICPMS分析地质样品中Sr同位素时对化学分离步骤的要求。而对于Rb/Sr>0.2的地质样品,因仪器分馏效应和记忆效应影响,测试精确度大大降低,无论采用何种校正方法均无法得到准确的Sr同位素组成。     

初始Rb—Sr体系的特点对等时线正确性的影响

本文对Rb—Sr等时线的理论基础提出了疑问,並从理论上对初始Rb—Sr体系中变量~(86)Sr与~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr对等时线正确性的影响进行了讨论。从数学上表明,用~(86)Sr作为公分母可增强Rb—Sr等时图上的线性相关.盐说明只有当初始~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值形成—水平线,或者在初始时等时图上就存在线性相关的时候才产生线性排列。在初始值为水平线时,线性排列常可得到正确的等时线而给出真实年龄和体系的初始比,而在初始值为线性相关时可产生异常等时线,它没有明确的地质意义。于是视等时线被用来概括迄今文献中所发表的异常等时线,並因此推导出视等时线方程。文中分别论述了分离结晶作用、部分熔融、混合及变质作用对Rb—Sr等时线的影响。可以得出结论,只要初始体系中~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr与~(87)Rb/~(86)Sr间比值满足线性相关,就可得到所观测的Rb—Sr等时线。由于仅根据Rb—Sr同位素数据不能区分正确的等时线与视等时线,因此在解释任何地质体系的Rb—Sr等时线年龄方面必须谨慎。     

(LP)MCICPMS方法精确测定液体和固体样品的Sr同位素组成

MCICPMS是近年发展起来的高精度固体同位素分析仪器,利用MCICPMS可以精确测定Sr同位素组成,与TIMS相比,分析效率明显提高;对于含有Rb的实际样品,在Rb/Sr比值较小时(Rb/Sr<0.001),可以通过Rb扣除获得准确的87Sr/86Sr比值,而当Rb含量较高时,可以通过建立Rb/Sr与87Sr/86Sr偏差值的线性关系进行再一次校正,同样也可以获得准确的87Sr/86Sr比值.通过这种校正关系,可以直接分析固体微区的Sr同位素组成.     

X射线荧光测定低量铷、锶及其应用

岩石或矿物的铷、锶等时线年龄，除进行Rb／Sr比值的草测外，必须准确测定样品中^87Sr/^86Sr和^87Rb/^86Sr的比值。前者可直接由质谱测定，也可用稀释法质谱测定值计算而得；后者一般用同位素稀释法测定^87Rb及^86Sr。本方法是用质谱直接测定町^87Sr/^86Sr比值，而^87Rb／^86Sr比值则由X射线荧光光谱法测定了Rb／Sr重量比之后，按下式计算获得：     

矿化期同位素年龄测定的样品挑选及元素分离技术的研究

本文以胶东等地同一矿化期不同阶段的金矿进行系统Rb-Sr法同位素年龄测定为例,确认矿化期同位素年龄测定中挑选合格样品必须满足下列条件：含有母体⁸⁷Rb、子体⁸⁷Sr;其中Rb、Sr的含量自地质体形成至今保持不增不减,即始终处于"封闭体系"。用同期金矿化不同矿化阶段的蚀变带岩石或矿物做等时线即可得到不同矿化阶段的年龄。在元素分离技术方面（Rb、Sr分离）：试样用氢氟酸和高氯酸分解后以盐酸提取,经200-400目强酸性阳离子交换树脂进行交换分离,后由质谱测定。     

Sr-Nd同位素初始比值和Nd模式年龄的误差估算

SrNd同位素参数广泛应用于岩石物质来源及其成因研究,但绝大多数研究者在应用这些参数时并未说明它们的误差大小,这种做法并不科学。作者首次利用误差传播定律推导出了有关参数的误差估算公式,这些参数包括Sr同位素的初始比值(87Sr/86Sr)t、Nd同位素的初始比值(143Nd/144Nd)t、εSr(t)、εNd(t)、Nd同位素模式年龄等。Rb、Sr含量的高低及其测定误差决定着(87Rb/86Sr)s的误差,Sm、Nd含量的高低及其测定误差决定着 (147Sm/144Nd)s的误差,(87Rb/86Sr)s的大小及其误差、(87Sr/86Sr)s误差、年龄值大小及其误差共同影响着(87Sr/86Sr)t的误差。同样,(147Sm/144Nd)s的大小及其误差、(143Nd/144Nd)s 的误差、年龄值大小及其误差共同影响着(143Nd/144Nd)t的误差。Nd同位素球粒陨石模式年龄TCHUR和单阶段亏损地幔模式年龄TDM的误差影响因素主要包括(147Sm/144Nd)s的大小、(143Nd/144Nd)s 的大小及这两个比值的误差,而Nd同位素两阶段亏损地幔模式年龄TDM2的误差除上述影响因素之外,还包括年龄值大小及其误差。通过对广西姑婆山4个花岗岩样品SrNd同位素参数及其误差的计算,作者对各个影响因素进行了详细分析,认为采用同位素稀释质谱法测试数据和高精度的年龄数据是获得理想示踪参数的保证,Rb、Sr、Sm、Nd含量沿用微量（包括稀土）元素测试结果的做法是不可取的,对高Rb样品更应该谨慎从事。建议研究者在使用SrNd同位素参数时能够估算这些参数的误差,并在文章中有所说明。     

扰动体系中的同位素演化

以锶同位素演化为例,讨论了瞬间扰动对于锶同位素在封闭体系中演化的影响。瞬间扰动的形式之一是同位素组成(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)和化学成分(~(87)Rb/~(86)Sr或Rb/Sr)不同的体系之间的简单混合作用。根据文中的结果指出了“昆山、城山和大龙山岩体的锶同位素特征及其成因研究”(翟建平,1989)一文中的不足。     

The role of metamorphic fluid transport in the Rb-Sr isotopic resetting of shear zones: evidence from Nordre Strømfjord,West Greenland

The Nordre Strømfjord shear zone is about 20 km wide and is exposed for 170 km along strike. It formed under granulite to amphibolite facies conditions as part of the 1,850 Ma-old Nagssugtoqidian orogeny affecting the largely Archean terrain of central West Greenland. We have made Rb-Sr isotope measurements on ca. 130 whole rock samples from the shear zone and have made microprobe analyses of biotite and plagioclase on 40 of them in order to evaluate the effects of shear zone formation on the Rb-Sr isotope system. Seven separate localities were sampled, four of them extensively; large whole rock samples and small, cm-scale thin slices were used in this study.The Rb-Sr isotope systems and the biotite compositions of the large whole rocks show variable degrees of re-equilibration during shear zone formation. Rb-Sr data for the least affected suites still scatter about Archean isochrons and the biotite compositions show wide variations both within and between samples. In other more affected suites, the Rb-Sr system was reset to approximate the age of shear zone formation on the scale of 10's of meters, and the biotite compositions are consistent within individual samples. The most strongly affected suites underwent profound chemical and isotopic changes. Whole rock suites preserve virtually no Rb-Sr isotopic record of their preshear zone history and the biotite compositions of entire suites are very homogeneous. The cm-scale suites of thin slices all show some degree of Proterozoic re-equilibration, although sharp Sr isotopic discontinuities between groups of lithologic layers are preserved.Among the suites of large whole rocks, the observed variations do not correlate with variations in shear strain, size of sampling domain, average Rb/Sr, range of Rb/Sr or ppm Sr. The combined Rb-Sr and microprobe data suggest that the responses are most likely to represent differences in total fluid/rock ratio in a system undergoing significant fluid transport. Our data suggest an uneven distribution of fluid pathways within the shear zone and a strongly preferred direction of fluid flow parallel to lithologic boundaries.Data from previous studies are also consistent with the conclusion that fluid transport is the major agent of Rb-Sr isotopic resetting in shear zones. This conclusion has implications for optimum sampling strategies in Rb-Sr dating of high strain events and for the processes by which Rb-Sr isotopic resetting occurs during regional metamorphism.     

Isotopic evidence of middle proterozoic magmatism from bombay high field: Implications to crustal evolution of western offshore of India

Precambrian granitic basement rocks obtained from well BH-36 of Bombay High Field, western offshore of India has been studied both by Rb-Sr and K-Ar dating methods. Seven basement samples chosen from two cores have yielded whole rock Rb-Sr isochron age of 1446 ± 67 Ma with an initial⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio of 0.7062 ± 0.0012. This age has been interpreted as the formation/emplacement time of the granite. Two biotite fractions of different grain size separated from a sample CC6B2T have yielded Rb-Sr mineral isochron age of 1385 ± 21 Ma. However, these fractions when studied by K-Ar dating method have yielded slightly higher but mutually consistent ages of 1458 ± 43 Ma and 1465 ± 43 Ma, respectively. Further, two biotites separated from additional samples CC5B9T and CC6B3B have yielded K-Ar ages of 1452 ± 42 Ma and 1425 ± 40 Ma with an overall mean age of 1438 ± 19 Ma. This mean K-Ar age is indistinguishable from whole rock Rb-Sr isochron as well as mineral isochron age within experimental error. The similarity in the whole rock and biotite ages obtained by different isotopic methods suggests that no thermal disturbance has occurred in these rocks after their emplacement/formation around 1450 Ma ago. The present study provides the evidence for the existence of an important Middle Proterozoic magmatic event around 1400-1450 Ma on the western offshore of India which, hitherto, was thought to be mainly confined to the eastern Ghats, Satpura and Delhi fold belt of India. This finding may have an important bearing on the reconstruction of Proterozoic crustal evolution of western Indian shield.     

Comparative geochronology in the reversely zoned plutons of the Bottle Lake Complex,Maine: U-Pb on zircons and Rb-Sr on whole rocks

The Bottle Lake Complex is a composite granitic batholith emplaced into Cambrian to Lower Devonian metasedimentary rocks. Both plutons (Whitney Cove and Passadumkeag River) are very coarse grained hornblende and biotite-bearing granites showing petrographic and geochemical reverse zonation. Two linear whole rock Rb/Sr isochrons on xenolith-free Whitney Cove and Passadumkeag River samples indicate ages of 379±5 m.y. and 381±4 m.y., respectively, in close agreement with published K-Ar ages for biotite from Whitney Cove of 377 m.y. and 379 m.y., and for hornblende ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar determinations from Passadumkeag River which indicate an age of 378±4 m.y. The initial Sr isotopic ratio for Whitney Cove is 0.70553 and for Passadumkeag River is 0.70414. A whole-rock isochron on a suite of xenoliths from the Passadumkeag River granite indicates a whole rock Rb-Sr age of 496±14 m.y., with an initial Sr isotopic ratio of 0.70262.Two types of zircon exhibiting wide petrographic diversity are evident in variable proportions throughout the batholith. One of these types is preferentially found in a mafic xenolith and it is widely dispersed in the host granites forming discrete grains and probably as inclusions in the other type of zircon. U-Pb analyses of zircons give concordia intercept ages of 399±8 m.y. for Whitney Cove, 388±6 m.y. for Passadumkeag River, 415 m.y. for a mafic xenolith in Passadumkeag River, and 396±32 for combined Whitney Cove and Passadumkeag River granite. The zircons show a spread of up to 20 m.y. in the ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb ages. Omitting the finest zircon fraction in the Passadumkeag River results in a concordia intercept age of 381±3 m.y., in better agreement with the whole-rock Rb-Sr and mineral K-Ar ages. For the Whitney Cove pluton, exclusion of the finest fraction does not bring the zircon age into agreement with the Rb-Sr data.Age estimates by the whole rock Rb-Sr, mineral K-Ar and Ar-Ar methods suggest that the crystallization age of the plutons is about 380 m.y., slightly younger than the U-Pb zircon intercept ages. A possible reason for this discrepancy is that the zircons contain inherited lead. Thus, zircon U-Pb ages might represent a mixture of newly developed zircon and older inherited zircon, whereas the Rb-Sr whole rock age (380 m.y.) reflects the time of crystallization, and the argon ages result from rapid cooling after emplacement.     

The geochronology of Iqna Granite (wadi Kid pluton), Southern Sinai

The wadi Kid pluton of Iqna Granite, Southern Sinai, which was intruded during the last Precambrian magmatic phase, yields a Rb-Sr total rock isocrhon age of 580±23 m.y., and an initial ⁸⁷Sr/ ⁸⁶Sr ratio of 0.7028±0.0028. The magma of the Iqna Granite was derived from a low Rb/Sr source shortly before its crystallization. Partial resetting of biotite ages is detected by both Rb-Sr and K-Ar methods. Mineral isochrons yield higher initial values (0.7045–0.7065) as a result of Sr isotopic redistribution within a closed total rock system. The Rb-Sr resetting of the biotites is expressed by radiogenic Sr loss accompanied by a proportional enrichment of common Sr. The Rb content was unaffected by this process. Oxidation of the iron within the biotite indicates the opening of the biotite interlayer space, thus making the Sr exchange possible. These effects are attributed to a thermal event some 510–540 m.y. ago.     

A Rb-Sr geochronologic study of the pegmatites of the Middletown area,Connecticut

The pegmatites of Eastern Connecticut have a mineralogy consistent with a magmatic origin yet occur in a non-igneous environment. Various theories of genesis have been investigated by the Rb-Sr geochronologic method.Rb-Sr measurements on early stage pegmatite minerals indicate an age of 258±1 m.y. with initial Sr⁸⁷/Sr⁸⁶=0.734±0.0096. Previously reported K-Ar and U, Th-Pb ages for pegmatite minerals are 249±8 m.y. and 260±3 m.y. respectively. Rb-Sr whole rock data for the host rocks vary between 285±10 m.y. and 472±15 m.y. in age and between 0.705±002 and 0.7167±0.0016 in initial Sr⁸⁷/Sr⁸⁶. A direct genetic relationship between the pegmatites and their host rocks is thus precluded. In addition, whole rock samples of the Brimfield schist taken at variable distances from the Strickland Quarry pegmatite have remained essentially closed systems with respect to Rb and Sr and thus an in situ origin for this pegmatite is unlikely. Mixing of pegmatite and country rock systems has occurred only locally, and isotopic studies of these mixed rocks yield a date of 231±4 m.y. with initial Sr⁸⁷/Sr⁸⁶=0.7188±0.004, an age not inconsistent with previously reported K-Ar and Rb-Sr mineral dates on host rock minerals (approximately 220 to 240 m.y.).Late stage cleavelandites are anomalously enriched in radiogenic Sr-87, the source of which was most probably other zones within the crystallizing pegmatite. This is indicated by analyses of pegmatite whole rocks which show both enrichment and depletion of radiogenic Sr-87 in local systems. The conclusion is drawn that there was widespread movement of radiogenic Sr-87 within each pegmatite system, but that pegmatite-host rock reactions were minimal.     

Rb-Sr dating of the impact melt from East Clearwater,Quebec

The Rb-Sr composition of eight melt rock and three basement samples from the East Clearwater impact structure, Quebec, and two basement samples from the West Clearwater structure has been determined. The whole rock ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of the melt samples, 0.7167–0.7253, are within the range of the basement samples, 0.7054–0.7322, and provide further evidence that the melt rocks represent shock-melted basement. A mineral isochron obtained from a relatively coarse grained melt rock gives an age of 287±26 Ma for the crystallization age of the melt. This is equivalent to K-Ar whole-rock ages of 285±30 Ma and 300±30 Ma and a Rb-Sr age of 266±15 Ma obtained on melt rocks from West Clearwater and confirms the previously generally held assumption that the East and West Clearwater structures resulted from the simultaneous impact of two bodies at 285–300 Ma ago.Contribution from the Earth Physics Branch No. 909     

利用选择性特效树脂富集分离岩石样品中的锶钐和钕

使用目前国际上几种常用的特效树脂:锶树脂(SR)、稀土树脂(RE)和镧系树脂(LN)对岩石样品中Sr、Sm和Nd的分离富集效果进行了试验,结果表明,按厂家提供的流程,SR树脂可回收98%左右的Sr,而且残余的Rb不到2%;RE树脂回收的Sm和Nd只有70%左右;而联合利用RE和LN树脂,并配合SR树脂的使用,可以将Sm和Nd的回收率提高到90%左右;LN树脂可以很好地分离Sm和Nd,并且回收的Nd可占总样量的85%左右.     

Constraints on the petrogenesis of Martian meteorites from the Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isotopic systematics of the lherzolitic shergottites ALH77005 and LEW88516

Detailed Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isotopic analyses have been completed on the lherzolitic shergottites ALH77005 and LEW88516. ALH77005 yields a Rb-Sr age of 185 ± 11 Ma and a Sm-Nd age of 173 ± 6 Ma, whereas the Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd ages of LEW88516 are 183 ± 10 and 166 ± 16 Ma, respectively. The initial Sr isotopic composition of ALH77005 is 0.71026 ± 4, and the initial ε_Nd value is +11.1 ± 0.2. These values are distinct from those of LEW88516, which has an initial Sr isotopic composition of 0.71052 ± 4 and an initial ε_Nd value of +8.2 ± 0.6. Several of the mineral and whole rock leachates lie off the Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isochrons, indicating that the isotopic systematics of the meteorites have been disturbed. The Sm-Nd isotopic compositions of the leachates appear to be mixtures of primary igneous phosphates and an alteration component with a low ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd ratio that was probably added to the meteorites on Mars. Tie lines between leachate-residue pairs from LEW88516 mineral fractions and whole rocks have nearly identical slopes that correspond to Rb-Sr ages of 90 ± 1 Ma. This age may record a major shock event that fractionated Rb/Sr from lattice sites located on mineral grain boundaries. On the other hand, the leachates could contain secondary alteration products, and the parallel slopes of the tie lines could be coincidental.Nearly identical mineral modes, compositions, and ages suggest that these meteorites are very closely related. Nevertheless, their initial Sr and Nd isotopic compositions differ outside analytical uncertainty, requiring derivation from unique sources. Assimilation-fractional-crystallization models indicate that these two lherzolitic meteorites can only be related to a common parental magma, if the assimilant has a Sr/Nd ratio near 1 and a radiogenic Sr isotopic composition. Further constraints placed on the evolved component by the geochemical and isotopic systematics of the shergottite meteorite suite suggest that it (a) formed at ∼4.5 Ga, (b) has a high La/Yb ratio, (c) is an oxidant, and (d) is basaltic in composition or is strongly enriched in incompatible elements. The composition and isotopic systematics of the evolved component are unlike any evolved lunar or terrestrial igneous rocks. Its unusual geochemical and isotopic characteristics could reflect hydrous alteration of an evolved Martian crustal component or hydrous metasomatism within the Martian mantle.     

黄梅尖岩体成岩作用的锶同位素研究

在全岩Rb-Sr同位素分析过程中,不仅可以通过等时线处理获得岩体形成的年龄,而且更为重要的是,在年龄计算过程中得到的初始~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值乃是一个十分重要的地球化学参数,它可以有效地应用于确定岩体成岩物质来源,并结合其它的地质与地球化学研究结果,还可进一步阐明岩体的成