百泉泉域岩溶地下水水化学演化特征及成因

百泉泉域岩溶地下水是河北邢台市生产和生活的主要供水水源。近年来受到自然条件变化和人类活动的影响,泉域地下水流场明显改变,水化学场演变机制有待查明。本研究在水文地质调查和样品采集测试的基础上,采用统计学方法（描述性统计、Person相关系数）、饱和指数计算和水化学方法（Piper图、Stiff图、Gibbs图、离子比例系数）对泉域岩溶水化学特征展开了系统分析。结果表明:泉域岩溶水为弱碱性淡水,Ca2+、Mg2+、HCO3-、SO42- 是地下水中的主要离子,主要来源于方解石、白云石和石膏的风化溶解,Na+和Cl-主要来源于少量岩盐的溶解。沿着径流方向方解石相对于地下水由溶解状态转变为平衡状态,而白云石、石膏和岩盐一直处于溶解状态。补给区和北部径流区基本为HCO3-Ca·Mg型水,七里河、沙河附近和南部煤铁矿区岩溶水除HCO3-Ca·Mg型外,还多出现HCO3·SO4-Ca型、CO3·Cl-Ca·Mg型和HCO3·SO4-Ca·Mg型水,煤铁矿区附近岩溶水中SO42- 的升高是受到了高SO42- 矿坑排水的混合影响。蒸发浓缩作用仅在水位埋深浅且地下水流动相对滞缓的排泄区较为明显,排泄点——百泉泉水为HCO3·SO4·Cl-Ca·Mg型。此外,人类工农业活动改变了地下水的径流条件和水质,使局部岩溶水中NO3-、Cl-、Fe、总硬度含量升高甚至超标。      

肥城市岩溶水水化学特征及形成机制

系统分析地下水长期实测数据,并综合运用数理统计方法、水文地质学、水文地球化学的基本理论,探讨了肥城市水化学特征及其时空分布规律、水化学特征形成机制及水文地球化学过程。结果表明:肥城市地下水水化学类型主要为HCO3·SO4—Ca·Mg型,部分为HCO3·SO4·Cl—Ca·Mg型和HCO3·Cl—Ca·Mg型,主要阴离子由HCO3-向SO42-和Cl-偏移,总溶解固体(TDS)及总硬度呈明显增大趋势;地下水多数离子浓度从补给区经径流区到排泄区越来越高;方解石和石膏的溶滤作用是研究区内地下水水化学成分变化的主要影响因素,同时存在部分的盐岩溶解及阳离子交替吸附作用,而人类活动也是不可忽视的重要影响因素。      

重庆市南川区南部岩溶地下水水文地球化学特征

以重庆市南川区南部地区岩溶地下水为研究对象,通过野外调查和取样测试分析,对研究区内149件地下水样品进行水化学常规分析和微量重金属元素分析,结果表明:研究区内地下水化学类型以HCO3-Ca·Mg、HCO3-Ca和HCO3-SO4-Ca型为主。地下水中主要阴阳离子HCO3-、SO42-、Ca2+和Mg2+浓度均表现出与含水岩组相对应的关系,即碳酸盐岩类岩溶水＞碳酸盐岩夹碎屑岩水＞碎屑岩水。地下水中Mg2+ /Ca2+摩尔比值表明研究区内绝大部分地下水径流过程中以方解石和白云石的共同溶解为主。地下水中微量重金属元素含量整体偏低,绝大部分水质都在Ⅲ类水标准以内,只有极个别点受到污染导致部分重金属组分偏高      

金沙江河谷巧家段地下水化学特征

金沙江河谷巧家段地形切割强烈,最大相对高差可达2 719 m,水文地质条件差异大,河谷区内泉水出露众多。对河谷区内38组泉水水化学组分进行分析的结果表明:地下水化学类型较简单,主要为HCO3- Ca、HCO3- Ca?Mg、HCO3- Mg?Ca型;地下水溶解性总固体(TDS)浓度变化较大,总体上TDS浓度自河谷斜坡补给-径流区至谷底排泄区,具有逐步增高的趋势;孔隙水TDS浓度明显高于岩溶水;地下水宏量组分HCO3-、Ca2+、Mg2+、SO42-与TDS具有正相关关系。据水化学组分变化分析谷底第四系地层中出露大泉的形成条件,其为孔隙水与岩溶水相混合形成。      

太原市西山岩溶水系统水文地球化学特征分析

岩溶含水系统的水化学特征能够反映地下水补径排关系、含水介质特征及水岩相互作用等。本文通过分析太原市西山岩溶含水系统地下水中TDS、Sr2+ 、HCO-3 、SO2-4 的分布特征、相互关系及指示意义,得出以下结论: 从补给区到径流排泄区, TDS 随着径流途径、径流时间及循环深度的增加而逐渐增加。Sr2+ 、Mg2+ 、Ca2+ 浓度沿着地下水径流方向具有同步增加的趋势,但Sr- Mg 的变化斜率小于Sr- Ca ,这主要是碳酸盐岩中白云石与方解石含量及溶解度不同造成, CaO与MgO比值越大,相对溶解度越大。沿地下水径流方向,水化学类型由HCO3 型过渡为HCO3· SO4 型、SO4· HCO3 型、SO4 型, SO2-4 离子浓度逐步增加,总体来看,Ca2+ 、Mg2+ 离子总含量与HCO-3 、SO2-4 离子总含量达到平衡,说明在西山岩溶区,水中离子的主要来源除碳酸盐外,硫酸盐的溶解也是一个重要途径,且受煤系地层及煤矿开采活动的影响强烈。      

银川平原水化学特征分析

基于银川平原的水文地质条件,对研究区的地下水环境综合指标与地下水化学类型进行了分析:EC值与DO值呈负相关关系,随着含盐量的增高,EC值增高,DO值减小;TDS与EC之间存在较好的正相关性,水中溶解的盐类越多,水的TDS 值越高,水的导电性越好,其电导率EC值越大。阳离子平均浓度由大到小为Na+>Ca2+>Mg2+>K+>NH+4,阴离子平均浓度由大到小为HCO-3>SO2-4>Cl-。研究区地下水类型以HCO3·SO4—Ca·Mg、HCO3·SO4—Ca·Na、HCO3·SO4—Na·Mg,以及SO4·HCO3—Na·Mg等类型为主。活度系数与离子强度呈反比,即离子强度升高导致水溶液中的离子浓度和电荷量升高,离子重新组合成溶质,导致离子活度系数下降。研究区内方解石最接近于平衡状态,可能存在于含水层环境中。对地下水环境综合指标和各组分浓度以及研究区水化学的形成环境进行分析可知:位于研究区中南部的65号点属于SO4·Cl—Na型水,受污染的可能性大;而在其南部的4、83、290号点,由于位于黄河灌溉区,受地表水的影响增强,地下水污染程度较65号点低。     

典型岩溶槽谷区地下水化学特征及地球化学敏感性分析

利用2012年4月—2013年3月的水化学数据研究了重庆老龙洞地下河流域地下水系统地球化学敏感性。结果表明,研究区表层岩溶泉和地下河水化学阳离子分别以Ca2+、Mg2+和Ca2+、Na+为主,阴离子以HCO3-、SO42-为主;表层岩溶泉雨季Mg2+/ Ca2+摩尔比和地下河雨季Na+/ Ca2+摩尔比旱季大于雨季,表层岩溶泉和地下河雨季 HCO3-/SO42- 摩尔比分别为3.428～6.524、3.122～5.966,旱季HCO3-/SO42-摩尔比分别为5.693～8.664、3.428～6.524,表现出低SO42-、高HCO3-的特征,主要受农业活动影响的表层岩溶泉主量元素地球化学敏感性依次为HCO3-> SO42->Ca2+> NO3-> Mg2+> Na+> K+>Cl-,而受农业活动、工业活动、城镇建设活动等多种因子共同影响下的地下河主量元素地球化学敏感性有所变化,依次为HCO3->Na+> Ca2+> K+> Cl-> Mg2+> NO3-> SO42-,随着人类影响的加剧,离子敏感指数将会有增加的趋势。      

滦河三角洲地区深层地下水化学演化规律及成因分析

以滦河三角洲地区第Ⅲ含水层组为例,选取两条水文地质剖面分析深层地下水化学组分特征。文章利用Piper图分析了上下游水化学的分带性,从上游到下游演化顺序为HCO3—Ca·Na型、HCO3·SO4—Na·Ca型和HCO3·Cl—Na型。上游地下水沿流动方向主要发生了溶滤作用,引起HCO-3和Ca2++Mg2+等比例增加,Cl-+SO2-4和Na+也等比例增加。下游地下水沿流动方向不仅发生了溶滤作用,还发生了阳离子交换和脱硫酸作用,引起下游地区Ca2+、Mg2+和SO2-4逐渐减小,Cl-和Na+显著增加,且Na+增加幅度明显大于Cl-。本研究加深了承压含水层地下水从山前到滨海地区整个循环路径上的水化学演化规律及成因的认识。     

滦河下游河水及沿岸地下水水化学特征及其形成作用

了解地表水和沿岸地下水的水化学特征及其形成作用,对地下水水资源保护和可持续开发利用具有重要意义。在系统采集滦河河水及沿岸地下水的基础上,运用描述性统计、相关性分析、阴阳离子三角图、Gibbs图、离子比例系数等方法对水样的离子特征和水化学类型的形成作用进行了分析。研究结果表明:(1)从出山口到入海口,浅层地下水化学类型由HCO3型过渡到HCO3·SO4(SO4·HCO3)型,再逐渐转变为Cl·HCO3型,而阳离子则由Ca(Ca·Mg)向Na·Ca(Na)型转化。(2)浅层地下水化学的形成受地形地貌以及地质结构的控制,在山间盆地和冲洪积扇,溶滤作用是控制地下水水化学变化的主要作用,向下游随着含水介质颗粒变细,地下水径流速度变缓,溶滤作用减弱,蒸发浓缩作用逐渐增强,从出山口到入海口,河水和地下水的钠吸附比(SAR)不断增大,说明溶滤作用逐渐被阳离子交替吸附作用代替。(3)河水的水化学类型主要为HCO3·SO4-Ca·Mg(SO4·HCO3-Ca·Mg)型。水化学形成以蒸发浓缩作用为主,同时受河床中的碳酸盐矿物和硅铝酸盐矿物溶滤作用的影响,在冲积海积平原可能存在蒸发盐岩的溶解。     

黑水县地下水的水化学特征及水质评价

为了查明黑水县地下水的化学特征及水质,通过描述性统计方法,对比评价了黑水县地下水水质。黑水县地下水各元素的变异系数基本上都在30%～100%之间,呈现中等变异性;水化学类型由西北至东南呈HCO3-Ca·Mg型水→HCO3-Na·Ca型水→HCO3·SO4-Na·Ca型水,由于断层深层水交换,存在SO4-Na·K型水;由于下层含油地层较浅,生成了高pH低矿化度的地下水。经取样和水质评价,居民饮用地下水的水质多为III类水、IV类水,经过处理以后,可以供当地居民饮用。     

高砷含水层沉积物含铁矿物特性及其对砷的水文地球化学作用

含水层沉积物中含铁矿物的特征与活性会影响砷的迁移转化行为。通过内蒙古含水层沉积物含铁矿物的溶解、还原动力学实验,研究了沉积物含铁矿物特征和活性及其与砷运移的关系。结果表明,沉积物中具还原活性的铁氧化物总量(m0)与岩性有关,细砂为52 μmol/g,黏土为45 μmol/g。初始还原速率k′均在10-5 s-1的数量级。表征活性均匀度的参数γ值介于合成铁氧化物矿物和表层沉积物之间。沉积物中Fe(Ⅲ)氧化物的还原活性主要介于人造纤铁矿与针铁矿的活性水平范围内。沉积物中可能存在两类活性水平不同的Fe(Ⅲ)氧化物。As更倾向于吸附在活性较强的Fe(Ⅲ)氧化物上。还原环境中,活性较强的Fe(Ⅲ)氧化物的还原性溶解,促进了沉积物中砷的释放。     

Mobilization of arsenic and iron from Red River floodplain sediments, Vietnam

Sediments from the Red River and from an adjacent floodplain aquifer were investigated with respect to the speciation of Fe and As in the solid phase, to trace the diagenetic changes in the river sediment upon burial into young aquifers, and the related mechanisms of arsenic release to the groundwater. Goethite with subordinate amounts of hematite were, using Mössbauer spectroscopy, identified as the iron oxide minerals present in both types of sediment. The release kinetics of Fe, As, Mn and PO₄ from the sediment were investigated in leaching experiments with HCl and 10 mM ascorbic acid, both at pH 3. From the river sediments, most of the Fe and As was mobilized by reductive dissolution with ascorbic acid while HCl released very little Fe and As. This suggests As to be associated with an Fe-oxide phase. For oxidized aquifer sediment most Fe was mobilized by ascorbic acid but here not much As was released. However, the reduced aquifer sediments contained a large pool of Fe(II) and As that is readily leached by HCl, probably derived from an unidentified authigenic Fe(II)-containing mineral which incorporates As as well. Extraction with ascorbic acid indicates that the river sediments contain both As(V) and As(III), while the reduced aquifer sediment almost exclusively releases As(III). The difference in the amount of Fe(II) leached from river and oxidized aquifer sediments by ascorbic acid and HCl, was attributed to reductive dissolution of Fe(III). The reactivity of this pool of Fe(III) was quantified by a rate law and compared to that of synthetic iron oxides. In the river mud, Fe(III) had a reactivity close to that of ferrihydrite, while the river sand and oxidized aquifer sediment exhibited a reactivity ranging from lepidocrocite or poorly crystalline goethite to hematite. Mineralogy by itself appears to be a poor predictor of the iron oxide reactivity in natural samples using the reactivity of synthetic Fe-oxides as a reference. Sediments were incubated, both unamended and with acetate added, and monitored for up to 2 months. The river mud showed the fastest release of both Fe and As, while the effect of acetate addition was minor. This suggests that the presence of reactive organic carbon is not rate limiting. In the case of the river and aquifer sediments, the release of Fe and As was always stimulated by acetate addition and here reactive organic carbon was clearly the rate limiting factor. The reduced aquifer sediment apparently can sustain slower but prolonged microbially-driven release of As. The highly reactive pools of Fe(III) and As in the river mud could be due to reoxidation of As and Fe contained in the reducing groundwater from the floodplain aquifers that are discharging into the river. Deposition of the suspended mud on the floodplain during high river stages is proposed to be a major flux of As onto the floodplain and into the underlying aquifers.     

Diagenetic control on arsenic partitioning in sediments of the Meghna River delta,Bangladesh

A stratigraphic profile of solid phase As was measured to investigate the diagenetic cycling of arsenic and related elements in fluvial sediments of the Meghna River delta plain. The distributions of Fe, Mn, and Al are typically characterized by surficial solid phase enrichment, and As is distributed down to 36.6 m showing similar alternate layers of maxima and minima with Fe, Mn and TOC, which reflects the diagenetic remobilization and periodical differences in source materials of As. Lithological characteristics and geochemical data suggest that elevated levels of As are found in organic-matter-rich clay and silty sand rather than sand samples, with occasionally enriched As content in iron-oxyhydroxide-coated sand grains. Arsenic demonstrates a positive and significant co-variation with total organic carbon in sediments, which suggests the important role of particulate and colloidal organic matter and biological activity in controlling the distribution of arsenic in the Bengal delta. However, the concentrations of Fe and Mn weakly correlate with As contents, whereas Al contents show no relationship with As. The results of this study suggest that reactive oxides or hydroxides of Fe and Mn, rather than Fe and Mn with other minerals, might control arsenic distribution.     

Arsenic mobilization in shallow aquifers of Datong Basin: Hydrochemical and mineralogical evidences

To better understand the sources and mobilization processes responsible for arsenic enrichment in groundwater in the central part of Datong Basin where serious arsenic poisoning cases have been reported, hydrochemical characteristics of the groundwater and the geochemical and mineralogical features of the aquifer sediments were studied. The aqueous arsenic levels are strongly depth-dependent in the study area and the high arsenic concentrations are found at depths between 15 m and 60 m, with a maximum up to 1820 μg/L. The hydrochemical characteristics of high arsenic groundwater from the Datong Basin indicate that the mobilization of arsenic is related to reductive dissolution of Fe oxides/oxyhydroxides and/or desorption from the Fe oxides/oxyhydroxides at high pH (above 8.0). The bulk chemical results of sediments show the arsenic and iron are moderately correlated, suggesting that arsenic is associated with iron-bearing minerals. Results of sequential-extraction experiment show that solid-phase arsenic is similarly distributed among the different pools of reservoir in the aquifer sediments. Strongly adsorbed arsenic and co-precipitated arsenic are its dominant species in the solid-phase. Geochemical studies using chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy on magnetically separated fractions demonstrate that iron oxides/oxyhydroxides with residual magnetite and chlorite, illite, iron oxides/oxyhydroxides-coated quartz and feldspar, and ankerite are the dominant carriers of arsenic in the sediments. The major processes of arsenic mobilization are probably linked to desorption of As from Fe oxides/oxyhydroxides and reductive dissolution of Fe-rich phases in the aquifer sediments under reducing and alkaline conditions.     

Iron reduction in the sediments of a hydrocarbon-contaminated aquifer

Sediments sampled at a hydrocarbon-contaminated, glacial-outwash, sandy aquifer near Bemidji, Minnesota, were analyzed for sediment-associated Fe with several techniques. Extraction with 0.5 M HCl dissolved poorly crystalline Fe oxides and small amounts of Fe in crystalline Fe oxides, and extracted Fe from phyllosilicates. Use of Ti-citrate-EDTA-bicarbonate results in more complete removal of crystalline Fe oxides. The average HCl-extractable Fe(III) concentration in the sediments closest to the crude-oil contamination (16.2 μmol/g) has been reduced by up to 30% from background values (23.8 μmol/g) as a result of Fe(III) reduction in contaminated anoxic groundwater. Iron(II) concentrations are elevated in sediments within an anoxic plume in the aquifer. Iron(II) values under the oil body (19.2 μmol/g) are as much as 4 times those in the background sediments (4.6 μmol/g), indicating incorporation of reduced Fe in the contaminated sediments. A 70% increase in total extractable Fe at the anoxic/oxic transition zone indicates reoxidation and precipitation of Fe mobilized from sediment in the anoxic plume. Scanning electron microscopy detected authigenic ferroan calcite in the anoxic sediments and confirmed abundant Fe(III) oxyhydroxides at the anoxic/oxic boundary. The redox biogeochemistry of Fe in this system is coupled to contaminant degradation and is important in predicting processes of hydrocarbon degradation.     

High arsenic contents in groundwater of central Spain

The chemical and microbiological characteristics of groundwater from two provinces of central Spain were studied. In some zones of this area, the concentrations of As in groundwater exceed the guideline concentrations, set internationally between 10 g/l and 50 g/l, reaching levels over 100 g/l. A narrow correlation between the contents of arsenic and HCO₃^– was observed. These data suggest a possible mechanism of the As mobilization from aquifer sediments to groundwater: the bicarbonate ions could displace HAsO₄^2– adsorbed on aquifer oxyhydroxides. Sediments containing relatively high contents of adsorbed arsenic are deposited in surface water environments with low carbonate concentrations. Subsequently, the sediments become exposed to groundwater with highly dissolved carbonate content, and arsenic can be mobilized by displacement from mineral surfaces. In addition, the presence of Pseudomonas genera bacteria, which secrete siderophores (Fe chelating agents) could mobilize As adsorbed on Fe oxides through their dissolution. These combined microbiological and chemical processes might have increased the natural mobility of As.     

Exploring sustainability of aquifers based on predictive modeling of sorption characteristics of arsenic enriched Holocene sediments in Bangladesh

The importance of accessing safe aquifers in areas with high As is being increasingly recognized. The present study aims to investigate the sorption and mobility of As at the sediment-groundwater interface to identify a likely safe aquifer in the Holocene deposit in southwestern Bangladesh. The upper, shallow aquifer at around 18 m depth, which is composed mainly of very fine, grey, reduced sand and contains 24.3 μg/g As, was found to produce highly enriched groundwater (190 μg/L As). In contrast, deeper sediments are composed of partly oxidized, brownish, medium sand with natural adsorbents like Fe- and Al-oxides; they contain 0.76 μg/g As and impart low As concentrations to the water (4 μg/L). These observations were supported by spectroscopic studies with SEM, TEM, XRD and XRF, and by adsorption, leaching, column tests and sequential extraction. A relatively high in-situ dissolution rate (R_r) of 1.42 × 10⁻¹⁶ mol/m²/s was derived for the shallower aquifer from the inverse mass-balance model. The high R_r may enhance As release processes in the upper sediment. The field-based reaction rate (K_r) was extrapolated to be roughly 1.23 × 10⁻¹³ s⁻¹ and 6.24 × 10⁻¹⁴ s⁻¹ for the shallower and deeper aquifer, respectively, from the laboratory-obtained adsorption/desorption data. This implies that As is more reactive in the shallower aquifer. The partition coefficient for the distribution of As at the sediment-water interface (K_d-As) was found to range from 5 to 235 L/kg based on in-situ, batch adsorption, and flow-through column techniques. Additionally, a parametric equation for K_d-As (R² = 0.67) was obtained from the groundwater pH and the logarithm of the leachable Fe and Al concentrations in sediment. A one-dimensional finite-difference numerical model incorporating K_d and K_r showed that the shallow, leached As can be immobilized and prevented from reaching the deeper aquifer (∼150 m) after 100 year by a natural filter of oxidizing sand and adsorbent minerals like Fe and Al oxides; in this scenario, 99% of the As in groundwater is reduced. The deeper aquifer appears to be an adequate source of sustainable, safe water.     

Mobility of arsenic in a Bangladesh aquifer: Inferences from geochemical profiles, leaching data, and mineralogical characterization

Aquifer geochemistry was characterized at a field site in the Munshiganj district of Bangladesh where the groundwater is severely contaminated by As. Vertical profiles of aqueous and solid phase parameters were measured in a sandy deep aquifer (depth >150 m) below a thick confining clay (119 to 150 m), a sandy upper aquifer (3.5 to 119 m) above this confining layer, and a surficial clay layer (<3.5 m). In the deep aquifer and near the top of the upper aquifer, aqueous As levels are low (<10 μg/L), but aqueous As approaches a maximum of 640 μg/L at a depth of 30 to 40 m and falls to 58 μg/L near the base (107 m) of the upper aquifer. In contrast, solid phase As concentrations are uniformly low, rarely exceeding 2 μg/g in the two sandy aquifers and never exceeding 10 μg/g in the clay layers. Solid phase As is also similarly distributed among a variety of reservoirs in the deep and upper aquifer, including adsorbed As, As coprecipitated in solids leachable by mild acids and reductants, and As incorporated in silicates and other more recalcitrant phases. One notable difference among depths is that sorbed As loads, considered with respect to solid phase Fe extractable with 1 N HCl, 0.2 M oxalic acid, and a 0.5 M Ti(III)-citrate-EDTA solution, appear to be at capacity at depths where aqueous As is highest; this suggests that sorption limitations may, in part, explain the aqueous As depth profile at this site. Competition for sorption sites by silicate, phosphate, and carbonate oxyanions appear to sustain elevated aqueous As levels in the upper aquifer. Furthermore, geochemical profiles are consistent with the hypothesis that past or ongoing reductive dissolution of Fe(III) oxyhydroxides acts synergistically with competitive sorption to maintain elevated dissolved As levels in the upper aquifer. Microprobe data indicate substantial spatial comapping between As and Fe in both the upper and deep aquifer sediments, and microscopic observations reveal ubiquitous Fe coatings on most solid phases, including quartz, feldspars, and aluminosilicates. Extraction results and XRD analysis of density/magnetic separates suggest that these coatings may comprise predominantly Fe(II) and mixed valence Fe solids, although the presence of Fe(III) oxyhydroxides can not be ruled out. These data suggest As release may continue to be linked to dissolution processes targeting Fe, or Fe-rich, phases in these aquifers.     

Characterization on arsenic sorption and mobility of the sediments of Chia-Nan Plain, where Blackfoot disease occurred

Higher levels of arsenic in the aquifers of Chia-Nan Plain in southwestern Taiwan were attributed to the cause of Blackfoot disease in the area half a century ago. Although extensive studies were conducted on the occurrence, speciation, mobility, and transport of arsenic in the region, the relationship between arsenic adsorption by different aquifer materials and the concentration and speciation of arsenic in these aquifers was poorly delineated. This study focused on characterization of sediments in the region, as well as determination of relations between arsenic adsorption and other geochemical and clay mineralogical properties of the sediments. The arsenic adsorption capacity was positively related to the clay minerals, Fe, and Mn contents in the sediments. The higher arsenic adsorption capacity of the sediments served as a sink for the arsenic during its transport from the central mountains to the coast and as a source for its release under reduced environment and in the presence of humic substances.     

江汉平原高砷地下水原位微生物的铁还原及其对砷释放的影响

微生物参与铁氧化物矿物的还原性溶解是高砷地下水形成的关键过程,其中具有砷还原功能的微生物如何参与含水层砷释放的生物地球化学过程亟待研究.利用从江汉平原典型高砷含水层中厌氧条件下分离出的四株细菌(Citrobacter sp.JH-1、Clostridium sp.JH-6、Exiguobacterium sp.JH-13、Paenibacillus sp.JH-33),通过室内厌氧模拟培养实验,查明其砷、铁还原能力,并通过分别与铁氧化物矿物及原位沉积物共同培养,探究原位含水层微生物参与的砷释放机理.结果表明:四株细菌均具有厌氧条件下砷、铁还原功能,Citrobacter sp.JH-1砷还原能力最强,96 h内还原的As(Ⅴ)浓度为2.22 μmol/L.其中Citrobacter sp.JH-1不仅可在厌氧和有氧条件下还原溶液中的As(Ⅴ),还可在厌氧条件下还原溶液中的Fe(Ⅲ)和无定型的水铁矿,在与含水层沉积物共培养12 d后,沉积物中铁与砷的释放量分别为510 mg/kg及1 150 μg/kg.江汉平原含水层中的原位微生物兼具砷/铁还原功能,在厌氧条件下可还原沉积物中的铁氧化物矿物并促进砷的释放,为深入揭示高砷地下水成因机理与地下水砷污染的防控提供重要科学依据.