冀北大滩盆地钾玄岩系列的厘定、岩石成因及与铀成矿关系

大滩盆地位于华北克拉通北缘隆起带和沽源—红山子铀成矿带西南段,盆地内五里营铀矿点赋存在义县期(早白垩世晚期)二长斑岩中。二长斑岩全岩为高钾、富碱、低钛、贫铁,富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素,无明显Eu负异常,具有碱性系列和钙碱性系列的特征,属典型的钾玄岩系列;[n(⁸⁷Sr)/n(⁸⁶Sr)]_i为0.707290～0.707399(平均值为0.707343),[n(¹⁴³Nd)/n(¹⁴⁴Nd)]_i为0.511849～0.511895(平均值为0.511876),ε_Nd(t)值变化范围是-12.38～-11.49,[n(²⁰⁶Pb)/n(²⁰⁴Pb)]_i为17.236～17.343(平均值17.296),[n(²⁰⁷Pb)/n(²⁰⁴Pb)]_i为15.407～15.428(平均值为15.416),[n(<...     

安庆早白垩世洪镇花岗岩成因及其对基底构造格局的启示

花岗岩可以有效示踪大陆基底物质,并区分具有不同地壳结构和演化历史的构造块体。洪镇花岗岩位于长江中下游地区江北A型花岗岩带的西延位置,距离郯庐断裂带约30 km。锆石SIMS定年表明,安庆怀宁县洪镇花岗岩形成于126. 2±2. 0 Ma,与长江中下游A型花岗岩以及大别造山带I型花岗岩的形成时代一致。洪镇花岗岩高硅、富钾,属于高钾钙碱性系列I型花岗岩。其富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素,相对亏损中稀土元素和高场强元素,经历了角闪石为主的结晶分异。洪镇花岗岩具有较为富集的Sr—Nd—Hf同位素,和低放射性成因Pb同位素组成,其n(87Sr)/n(86Sr)(t)为0. 7065~0. 7066,εNd(t)值为-10. 9~-12. 0,锆石εHf(t)为-6. 7~-13. 2,n(206Pb)/n(204Pb)(t)、n(207Pb)/n(204Pb)(t)和n(208Pb)/n(204Pb)(t)分别在17. 063~17. 109、15. 568~15. 572和37. 351~37. 373之间。综合研究表明,洪镇花岗岩起源于古—中元古代中低成熟度沉积岩的水致部分熔融,为幔源岩浆底侵导致。从物质来源上,洪镇花岗岩岩浆源区类似于大别造山带经历过俯冲、折返后的中上地壳,而显著不同于长江中下游同时代A型花岗岩源区,表明洪镇地区具有上下地壳分属长江中下游和大别造山带的构造属性。在早白垩世早期郯庐断裂带南段西盘向南的强烈挤压下,大别造山带下地壳发生不规则流动,越过郯庐断裂带进入到洪镇地区下地壳成为洪镇花岗岩的源区。     

西藏冈底斯中段晚侏罗世许如错花岗岩成因：锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学及Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf同位素证据

西藏冈底斯中段晚侏罗世许如错花岗岩的岩石成因对理解特提斯洋演化具有重要的意义。本次系统研究了许如错地区似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩的岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学、锆石Lu-Hf同位素、全岩元素地球化学和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素。许如错花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为152.3±0.7 Ma,形成于晚侏罗世。SiO₂和Al₂O₃质量分数较高,平均值分别为71.3%和14.2%,铝饱和指数（A/CNK）较高（1.10～1.23）,属于强过铝质高钾钙碱性系列岩石;富集大离子亲石元素（Rb, Th和K）、轻稀土元素和Pb等;亏损高场强元素（Nb, Ta, Ti和P）,重稀土元素,Eu, Sr和Ba等。锆石εHf（t）值（-12.5～-16.9）、全岩⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_（t）初始值（0.715～0.717）、εNd（t）值（-14.2～-14.5）和Pb同位素初始值(²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb_（t）,²⁰⁷     

湘东北团山背金矿区辉绿岩脉年代学、地球化学及其地质意义

为确定湘东北团山背金矿区辉绿岩脉的形成时代、岩浆源区特征和形成时的大地构造背景，对采自该区的辉绿岩样品进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年、岩石地球化学及Sr、Nd、Pb同位素分析。结果表明，辉绿岩形成于印支晚期(225 Ma),具有低SiO₂(44.56%～45.91%)、高MgO(9.49%～10.60%)及高Mg^#值(66.0～67.5)特征；富集K、Rb、Ba、Sr等大离子亲石元素，相对弱亏损Ta、Nb、P等高场强元素；轻、重稀土元素分馏较明显(La_N/Yb_N为6.83～8.73),稀土元素配分模式呈右倾的轻稀土元素富集型；微量和稀土元素分布特征与洋岛玄武岩(OIB)相似。辉绿岩具有高的(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i值(0.706 52～0.711 05)和低的ε_Nd(t)值(-1.64～-0.16);(²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_t为38.40...     

东昆仑金水口泥盆纪层状花岗岩成因和找矿意义

东昆仑造山带是青藏高原与冈底斯带相媲美的巨型岩浆岩带,但该带是否具有形成硬岩型稀有金属矿床的潜力还不清楚。最近在东昆仑金水口地区发现了锂铍矿化伟晶岩,暗示其有可能成为以锂铍为主的稀有金属成矿潜力区。本文以矿化伟晶岩空间上紧密共生的金水口层状花岗岩体为研究对像,揭示其地球化学特征和形成时代,探讨其成因和找矿意义。金水口层状花岗岩下部为弱过铝高钾钙碱性黑云母二长花岗岩,上部为高分异强过铝二云母正长花岗岩、石榴子石碱长花岗岩和钠长花岗岩。花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为396～395Ma, LA-ICP-MS独居石U-Pb年龄为396～391Ma。黑云母二长花岗岩、二云母正长花岗岩、石榴子石碱长花岗岩和钠长花岗岩具有相似的Nd同位素组成,ε_Nd(t)为-6.52～-4.48,黑云母二长花岗岩与二云母正长花岗岩具有相似的全岩Pb同位素组成和锆石Hf同位素组成,²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb(t)为38.187～38.219,²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb(t)为15.627～15.652,<...     

鄂东南地区程潮大型矽卡岩型铁矿区岩体成因探讨

湖北程潮铁矿是鄂东南矿集区内最大的矽卡岩型铁矿床。为了系统研究矿区内不同侵入体的成因,对程潮矿区内不同时代的侵入体进行了矿物学、地球化学和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素研究。矿区内花岗岩、石英二长斑岩、闪长岩中的黑云母成分特征暗示它们均为壳幔物质混合成因的镁质黑云母;与成矿相关的花岗岩、石英二长斑岩中原生黑云母矿物学成分显示出原始岩浆具有高氧逸度的特征,高氧逸度为磁铁矿的形成提供了有利条件。岩石地球化学特征研究表明,不同类型的岩石都具有富钾和准铝质的特征,富集Rb、Ba、K等大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素。矿区岩石的(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i值为0.705 0~0.709 1,ε_Nd(t)值为-14.16~-6.95,²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb值为17.636~18.919,²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb值为15.451~15.613,²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb值为37.833~39.556。矿物学、地球化学、Sr-Nd-Pb同位素特征暗示矿区岩体为富集地幔发生部分熔融并同化混染了不同比例下地壳物质的产物,早期闪长岩（（140±1） Ma）比晚期花岗岩和石英二长斑岩（（128±1） Ma）的源区有更多的地幔成分,花岗岩和石英二长斑岩与闪长岩具有相近的锆石饱和温度（平均值分别为783、788、765℃）。     

松辽盆地徐家围子断陷营城组粗面岩成因与隐爆机制

松辽盆地徐家围子断陷营城组火山岩中含有粗面质岩石,是深层天然气重要储层之一。岩心、钻井及地震资料研究表明,粗面岩具有高位喷发、低位充填的特征,在火山口附近厚度大,远离火山口厚度小。粗面岩主量、微量及同位素地球化学显示其属于钾玄岩系列,富集稀土元素,强不相容元素Rb、Ba、Th、U质量分数较高。粗面岩的(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i=0.704 321~0.705 395,ε_Nd(t)为正值（3.36 ~ 3.83）,Pb同位素比值相对集中,(²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_i、(²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_i、(²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_i平均值分别为18.43、15.51和38.23。研究表明,粗面质岩浆由区域年轻地壳组分部分熔融形成,经历了一定程度的分离结晶作用,地壳混染作用不显著。粗面质岩浆多期次喷发后形成粗面岩,热液气体不断聚集发生隐蔽爆破形成角砾,未固结的角砾被岩浆期后热液“胶结”,形成隐爆角砾岩,构成了粗面质岩石重要的储层类型。     

沙茨基海隆(Shatsky Rise)白垩纪玄武岩的地球化学特征及其地幔柱-洋中脊相互作用过程

沙茨基海隆(Shatsky Rise)是白垩纪早期形成的西北太平洋大火成岩省,其成因和演化过程目前仍存在较大争议。本次研究对沙茨基海隆白垩纪玄武岩进行了全岩主量、微量元素、Sr-Nd-Pb同位素的分析。沙茨基海隆玄武岩主要属于拉斑玄武岩,具有较亏损的大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素以及较富集的重稀土元素的特征,没有明显的Eu异常(δEu=0.99～1.29),与正常洋中脊玄武岩(N-MORB)的微量元素配分模式较为相似。然而该系列玄武岩却具有相对较富集的初始⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr(0.702986～0.703991)和¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd(0.513034～0.513194)同位素比值、较富集的²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb(15.439～15.508)和²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb(37.853～38.488)同位素比值,与富集的洋岛玄武岩(OIB)和岛弧火山岩的同位素成分较为相似,且源区混入高U/Pb比值(HIMU型)的富集地幔成...     

中祁连西段黑沟梁子花岗岩的锆石U-Pb同位素年龄及成因

黑沟粱子花岗岩岩体为中祁连山带两段野马南山巨量花岗岩的一部分,出露于野马山南北缘,岩性为黑云母二长花岗岩。δ值、NK／A值、A／NCK值、Eu负异常、δEu值、ACF图解、⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr比值、εS_r、¹⁴⁷Sm／¹⁴⁴Nd比值、²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb比值、ENd值等岩石化学和同位素特征表明黑沟粱子花岗岩属钙碱性过铝质岩系,浆来源于地壳物质的重熔,具S型花岗岩特点。通过对黑沟梁子花岗岩的颗粒级锆石U-Pb同位素测年,获得²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U表面年龄统计权重平均值为(444±17)Ma。w(Nb)-w(Y)和w(Rb)一w(Y+Nd)图和R₁-R₂图解上两个样点均落入同碰撞花岗岩区,结合前人研究成果可以确定该岩体形成于板块碰撞阶段。该岩体的锆石U-Pb年龄的确定和成因的探讨对于深入研究祁连造山带的构造演化提供了一条重要的地质信息。     

太行山木吉村斑岩铜(钼)矿床岩石地球化学、Sr-Nd-Pb同位素特征及其地质意义

木吉村斑岩铜(钼)矿床位于太行山北段涞源杂岩体的腰部,是太行山构造-岩浆-成矿带的一个重要矿床。在野外调研的基础上,对木吉村斑岩铜(钼)矿床含矿岩体进行了系统的岩石学、地球化学和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素研究。结果表明：木吉村矿床的含矿岩体闪长玢岩为高钾钙碱性I型侵入岩,具有较高的SiO₂、Al₂O₃、Sr含量和Sr/Y比值以及(La/Yb)_N,较低的Yb、Y的特征;稀土元素配分曲线呈右倾趋势,轻稀土相对富集,轻重稀土分异明显,具微弱的正Eu异常;微量元素蛛网图中富集大离子亲石元素Ba、K、U、Sr,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、P、Ti,总体显示出与埃达克岩相似的地球化学特征。闪长玢岩的I_Sr为0.705 386~0.706 838,ε_Nd(t)为-16.7~-14.9,²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb、²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb、²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb的平均值分别为36.614、15.226、16.545,与木吉村矿床矿石中的硫化物铅同位素数值基本一致,Sr-Nd-Pb同位素共同表明其岩浆形成可能与有深源基性物质参与的古老下地壳部分熔融有关。结合研究区地质背景,认为木吉村含矿岩体可能主要来自古老下地壳的部分熔融,并受到幔源物质的混染作用。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.