新疆西天山温泉岩体群LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年及其地质意义北大核心CSCD

新疆西天山温泉县城南部温泉岩体群研究程度较低,本文在野外地质调查的基础上,通过精确的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年研究,对温泉岩体群进行重新定位和解体。温泉岩体群中细粒二长花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为884±6 Ma,定位为青白口纪;闪长岩、石英闪长岩、花岗闪长岩的锆石U-Pb年龄分别为465±3 Ma、464±3 Ma、452±3 Ma,定位为奥陶纪。这些年代学数据填补了本区岩体年龄资料的不足,限定了温泉岩体群的形成时限,表明该地区存在新元古代早期及早古生代两期重要的岩浆活动。通过对天山不同地区新元古代和奥陶纪岩浆岩年龄和岩石类型的对比研究,认为包括研究区在内的天山地区在新元古代早期参与了Rodinia超大陆的汇聚,并在早古生代奥陶纪进入消减机制的古亚洲洋演化阶段,这对认识天山地区区域构造演化具有重要的地质意义。     

东天山阿其克库都克断裂西段土古土布拉克组锆石SHRIMP U-Pb测年

1∶5万区域地质调查发现,在中天山隆起带北部黑龙峰一带的阿其克库都克断裂带及其两侧,出露一套火山碎屑岩夹正常沉积岩,含有海百合茎和腕足化石碎片.对其中含砾岩屑砂岩中花岗闪长斑岩砾石的锆石进行SHRIMP U-Pb定年,获得206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为314Ma±4.2Ma(n=9,MSWD=1.8),表明该套地层不老于314Ma±4.2Ma,应归为晚石炭世土古土布拉克组.这一发现表明,至少自石炭纪以来,阿其克库都克断裂在该区不具有构造分区的意义.     

南岭地区诸广山复式岩体年代格架研究

诸广山岩体是南岭地区著名的大型复式岩体之一,但其研究程度存在南体高、北体低的不均衡现象,制约了对诸广山岩体年代格架及其岩石组成的整体性认识.本文对诸广山复式岩体(北体)进行锆石年代研究,测得早古生代汤湖岩体、寨前岩体、东洛岩体(黑云母二长花岗岩)锆石U-Pb年龄分别为444±2 Ma、448±3 Ma、440±2 Ma,桂东岩体和上堡岩体(黑云母花岗闪长岩)锆石U-Pb年龄分别为444±2 Ma、442±2 Ma;中生代淋洋岩体(二长花岗岩)和鹅形岩体(正长花岗岩)锆石U-Pb年龄分别为230±3 Ma、157±1 Ma.诸广山岩体(北体)是由晚奥陶世-早志留世、晚三叠世、晚侏罗世岩体组成的复式岩体.结合南体年代与岩石学资料,认为诸广山复式岩体的侵位可划分为晚奥陶世-早志留世、中-晚三叠世、晚侏罗世三个期次,相应的岩石组合大致由花岗闪长岩-二长花岗岩→二长花岗岩→二长花岗岩-正长花岗岩演变,与显生宙南岭地区地壳物质成熟度逐渐增高的总趋势一致,这可能为晚中生代该区发生钨锡铍铌钽铀等战略性矿产大规模、集群式成矿奠定了物质基础.汤湖岩体和寨前岩体中存在的新元古代继承锆石和捕获锆石暗示本区早古生代岩体形成过程中可能有新元古代物质的参与.     

青海石底泉地区宗务隆构造带花岗闪长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

对德令哈市石底泉地区宗务隆构造带内花岗闪长岩进行了锆石U-Pb测年和岩石地球化学分析。岩石地球化学分析结果显示,其具有岛弧或活动大陆边缘花岗岩的属性,原岩可能为新元古代早期(870.0±4.5Ma左右)硅铝地壳或地壳物质熔融的产物,它们的形成与板块的俯冲作用有关LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年显示2组年龄,分别为870.0±4.5Ma和443.3±2.3Ma。其中870.0±4.5Ma代表源区继承锆石的年龄,反映了新元古代时期的构造岩浆事件;443.3±2.3Ma代表花岗闪长岩岩浆锆石的结晶年龄,即花岗闪长岩侵位于晚奥陶世。综合分析可以确定,宗务隆构造带内花岗闪长岩与柴达木盆地北缘加里东期的板块汇聚碰撞造山作用有关,证实了宗务隆构造带内岩体形成时代并非全部是海西期一印支期。     

新疆中天山雅西辉长岩体的锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素特征

新疆中天山雅西辉长岩体出露于阿其克库都克—沙泉子断裂南侧,主要岩相为辉长岩,含少量辉石岩和闪长岩,岩体有明显的钒钛磁铁矿化。利用LA-MC-ICP-MS技术开展对辉长岩中锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素研究,结果表明,锆石加权平均年龄为(311.7±3.5)Ma(MSWD=0.104,n=14),代表岩体侵位于晚石炭世。锆石(~(176)Hf/~(177)Hf)i值为0.282637~0.282945,对应的ε_(Hf)(t)值为+2.1~+13,平均值为+4.7,计算得到的锆石单阶段Hf模式年龄T_(DM1)为430~865 Ma,表明岩浆主要来源于亏损地幔并有壳源物质的加入。结合已有报道的东天山地区辉长岩形成时代和Hf同位素组成特征,本文认为雅西辉长岩的年代学和Hf同位素组成特征为准噶尔古洋壳在晚古生代期间向南俯冲提供了重要证据。     

内蒙古四子王旗黑脑包岩体年代学与地球化学特征及其构造演化

内蒙古四子王旗黑脑包岩体位于华北板块北缘早古生代增生造山带,主要由花岗闪长岩和花岗斑岩组成。对花岗闪长岩进行La-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,获得四子王旗黑脑包侵入岩体的2个侵位年龄为407.4±4.7 Ma和268.0±2.7 Ma,分别代表洋陆俯冲事件以及陆陆碰撞事件年龄。岩石地球化学数据显示,四子王旗黑脑包岩体属钙碱性系列,逐步向低钾拉斑系列靠近,并且亏损高场强元素。同位素地质年龄及地球化学数据表明,样品具有同碰撞花岗岩特征。结合区域大地构造背景认为,四子王旗黑脑包地区主要构造背景为西伯利亚板块与华北板块之间俯冲、碰撞和对接过程,属古亚洲洋构造域,而后期的构造演化还有待进一步研究。     

内蒙古额济纳旗涌珠泉海西期侵入岩年代学特征及构造意义

内蒙古额济纳旗涌珠泉侵入岩是月牙山构造混杂岩带以北规模较大的侵入体。在1∶5万区域地质调查的基础上,将该岩体解体为花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩和正长花岗岩,获得二长花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄为330.7±2.9Ma,确定其形成于早石炭世,表明北山地区晚古生代岩浆活动强烈。通过分析岩体的岩石化学和地球化学特征,确定其形成于拉张构造环境,说明早石炭世北山地区已进入拉伸构造环境,这对研究北山地区晚古生代地壳演化过程有积极意义。     

青海柴达木山岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年 及Hf同位素特征

柴达木山岩体是柴北缘地区最大的岩体之一。为确定柴达木山岩体成因及其与柴北缘早古生代造山作用的关系,采用LA-ICP-MS方法对柴达木山眼球状花岗岩和花岗闪长岩中的锆石进行了U-Th-Pb同位素及Hf同位素研究。柴达木山眼球状花岗岩及花岗闪长岩206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值分别为436.9Ma±2.8Ma及440.8Ma±7.3Ma,Th/U值均大于0.2,代表了岩浆的形成年龄。眼球状花岗岩和花岗闪长岩锆石Hf同位素地球化学特征相近,45个锆石Hf同位素分析值中42个锆石176Lu/177Hf值均介于0.000735~0.002786之间,176Hf/177Hf值变化范围为0.282264~0.282439,εHf(t)变化于-8.5~-2.5之间,Hf同位素两阶段模式年龄为1.44~1.77Ga。研究表明,柴达木山岩体形成于437~446Ma,具有多期侵位特点,其原岩来自柴达木板块基底下地壳;结合柴北地区缘早古生代构造演化特点认为,柴达木山岩体为陆陆碰撞的产物。     

蒙古西部呼伦陶勒盖地区花岗岩类的初步研究

靠近中蒙边界的内蒙古西部呼伦陶勒盖地区的中元古界和石炭系中产出数个花岗岩体,其中以英格特-巴格毛道岩体的出露面积最大,岩性变化显著,包括石英闪长岩、花岗闪长岩和花岗岩,含有围岩的残留体,并被年轻的花岗岩和伟晶岩等侵入.以前的资料显示该岩体是晚古生代形成的,而其他红色的花岗岩和钾长花岗岩小岩体(如库楚乌拉和一连)是中生代形成的.SHRIMP锆石UPb定年结果显示,英格特-巴格毛德岩体的年龄为313±5 Ma,相当于晚石炭世.原定为中生代的库楚乌拉和一连两个红色花岗岩体的年龄分别为277±2 Ma和278±4 Ma,相当于早二叠世,而侵入于英格特巴格毛道岩体中的石英二长岩的年龄为130±2 Ma,相当于早白垩世.晚石炭世花岗岩具有IA型过渡的元素地球化学特征,而早二叠世花岗岩具有A型花岗岩的特征,属于铝质A型花岗岩.晚古生代花岗岩的共同特征是均以具正的εNd(t)值(0.90～3.43)为特征,具有新生地壳的性质,是内蒙古西部地区陆壳生长的标志.而早白垩世石英二长岩的εNd(t)值为-8.71,指示岩浆起源可能以壳源物质为主,有地幔物质参与.     

东昆仑金水口花岗岩体锆石U-Pb年代学及其地质意义

金水口岩体出露于东昆仑北坡,岩性主要为含石榴子石的过铝花岗岩和不含石榴子石的二长花岗岩及花岗闪长岩。自该岩体从金水口群解体以来,其形成时代一直制约着该地区构造演化的恢复。对锆石内部结构、阴极发光图像特征和Th/U比值的研究表明,金水口岩体中锆石主要为岩浆锆石,个别含有残留锆石核。锆石U-Pb同位素LA-ICPMS和SHRIMP原位分析结果显示,金水口电站周围的石榴堇青花岗岩及黑云母花岗闪长岩形成年龄分别为(411±17)Ma和(396±18)Ma,说明金水口岩体为早泥盆世的花岗质侵入体,是在早古生代末由柴达木地块基底富Si和Al的地壳物质重熔的产物。该套S型花岗岩记录了古元古代的两期源区物质信息(约1.63Ga和约1.78Ga),代表了东昆仑造山带早古生代末期的一期重要岩浆热事件。     

Columbus,the discovery of America,and Russia

The discovery of a new continent that was later called America by Christopher Columbus some five hundred years ago, has in one way or another, influenced people the World over. The extraordinary significance of this event for mankind is displayed by the dimension of the consequences and the variety of reactions among nations and communities of the “Old World”.     

Text, talk, things, and the subpolitics of performing place

This article tells the story of how a group of Dutch and Belgian citizens organized themselves to promote an area that they valued, to put it on the map, to raise awareness about its qualities, and to protect it from urban and industrial development. Our theoretical perspective focuses on the performative and political aspects of this place-making process and the discursive and material practices involved. We connect this to Beck’s concept of subpolitics.Our findings show how the group performed this place not only through text and talk - giving the area a name, using their knowledge and expertise to raise awareness about its values, lobbying and cooperating with decision-makers -, but also through things - installing art objects and information signs that articulate certain characteristics and values of the area. Our findings demonstrate the struggles involved in these performances. The group involved multiple perspectives on what the important values and characteristics of the area are and on what strategies would work best in trying to influence decision-making and protect the area. However, the use of expertise as the main strategy to gain influence excluded the more critical and activist strategies and privileging archaeological and historical values and characteristics came at the expense of attention on agricultural and natural values.Our findings make clear that performing place cannot be taken to be homogeneous and that it inevitably involves multiple perspectives and demands. The struggles, power relations and dynamics of inclusion and exclusion that this multiplicity implicates reveal a form of sub-politics that involves both politicization and depoliticization. Also, it is a form of subpolitics that is more diverse and ambiguous than Beck’s conceptualization presupposes by its emphasis on the role of outsiders as a homogeneous group.     

Roles of xenomelts,xenoliths, xenocrysts,xenovolatiles, residues,and skarns in the genesis,transport, and localization of magmatic Fe-Ni-Cu-PGE sulfides and chromite

Most sulfide-rich magmatic Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits form in dynamic magmatic systems by partial melting S-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren to weakly-mineralized immiscible Fe sulfide xenomelts into which Ni-Cu-Co-PGE partition from the magma. Some exceptionally-thick magmatic Cr deposits may form by partial melting oxide-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of the miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren Fe ± Ti oxide xenocrysts into which Cr-Mg-V ± Ti partition from the magma. The products of these processes are variably preserved as skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles, which play important to critical roles in ore genesis, transport, localization, and/or modification. Incorporation of barren xenoliths/autoliths may induce small amounts of sulfide/chromite to segregate, but incorporation of sulfide xenomelts or oxide xenocrysts with dynamic upgrading of metal tenors (PGE > Cu > Ni > Co and Cr > V > Ti, respectively) is required to make significant ore deposits. Silicate xenomelts are only rarely preserved, but will be variably depleted in chalcophile and ferrous metals. Less dense felsic xenoliths may aid upward sulfide transport by increasing the effective viscosity and decreasing the bulk density of the magma. Denser mafic or metamorphosed xenoliths may also increase the effective viscosity of the magma, but may aid downward sulfide transport by increasing the bulk density of the magma. Sulfide wets olivine, so olivine xenocrysts may act as filter beds to collect advected finely dispersed sulfide droplets, but other silicates and xenoliths may not be wetted by sulfides. Xenovolatiles may retard settling of – or in some cases float – dense sulfide droplets. Reactions of sulfide melts with felsic country rocks may generate Fe-rich skarns that may allow sulfide melts to fractionate to more extreme Cu-Ni-rich compositions. Xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles are more likely to be preserved in cooler basaltic magmas than in hotter komatiitic magmas, and are more likely to be preserved in less dynamic (less turbulent) systems/domain/phases than in more dynamic (more turbulent) systems/domains/phases. Massive to semi-massive Ni-Cu-PGE and Cr mineralization and xenoliths are often localized within footwall embayments, dilations/jogs in dikes, throats of magma conduits, and the horizontal segments of dike-chonolith and dike-sill complexes, which represent fluid dynamic traps for both ascending and descending sulfides/oxides. If skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and/or xenovolatiles are present, they provide important constraints on ore genesis and they are valuable exploration indicators, but they must be included in elemental and isotopic mass balance calculations.     

Influences of the unsaturated,saturated, and riparian zones on the transport of nitrate near the Merced River,California, USA

Transport and transformation of nitrate was evaluated along a 1-km groundwater transect from an almond orchard to the Merced River, California, USA, within an irrigated agricultural setting. As indicated by measurements of pore-water nitrate and modeling using the root zone water quality model, about 63% of the applied nitrogen was transported through a 6.5-m unsaturated zone. Transport times from recharge locations to the edge of a riparian zone ranged from approximately 6 months to greater than 100 years. This allowed for partial denitrification in horizons having mildly reducing conditions, and essentially no denitrification in horizons with oxidizing conditions. Transport times across a 50–100-m-wide riparian zone of less than a year to over 6 years and more strongly reducing conditions resulted in greater rates of denitrification. Isotopic measurements and concentrations of excess N₂ in water were indicative of denitrification with the highest rates below the Merced River. Discharge of water and nitrate into the river was dependent on gradients driven by irrigation or river stage. The results suggest that the assimilative capacity for nitrate of the groundwater system, and particularly the riverbed, is limiting the nitrate load to the Merced River in the study area.     

Dielectric constants of apatite,epidote, vesuvianite,and zoisite,and the oxide additivity rule

The dielectric constants and dielectric loss values of 4 Ca-containing minerals were determined at 1 MHz using a two-terminal method and empirically determined edge corrections. The results are: vesuvianitel κ′ _a=9.93 tan δ=0.006 κ′ _c=9.79 tan δ=0.005 vesuvianitel κ′ _a=10.02 tan δ=0.002 κ′ _c=9.85 tan δ=0.003 zoisite1 κ′ _a =10.49 tan δ=0.0006 κ′ _b =15.31 tan δ=0.0008 κ′ _c=9.51 tan δ=0.0008 zoisite2 κ′ _a =10.55 tan δ=0.0011 κ′ _b =15.45 tan δ=0.0013 κ′ _c=9.39 tan δ=0.0008 epidote κ′ ₁₁= 9.52 tan δ=0.0008 κ′ ₂₂=17.1 tan δ=0.0009 κ′ ₃₃= 9.37 tan δ=0.0006 fluorapatite1 κ′ _a =10.48 tan δ=0.0008 κ′ _c = 8.72 tan δ=0.0114 fluorapatite2 κ′ _a =10.40 tan δ=0.0010 κ′ _c=8.26 tan δ=0.0178 The deviation (δ) between measured dielectric polarizabilities as determined from the Clausius-Mosotti equation and those calculated from the sum of oxide polarizabilities according to α _D (mineral)=∑ α _D (oxides) for vesuvianite is ～ 0.5%. The large deviations of epidote and zoisite from the additivity rule with Δ=+ 10.1 and + 11.7%, respectively, are attributed to “rattling” Ca ions. The combined effects of both a large F thermal parameter and possible F-ion conductivity in fluorapatite are believed to be responsible for Δ=+2–3%. Although variation of oxygen polarizability with oxygen molar volume (V_o) is believed to affect the total polarizabilities, the variation of V_o in these Ca minerals is too small to observe the effect.     

山西五台山区滹沱群变质玄武岩岩石学、地球化学特征及其成因意义

在野外地质调查的基础上,选取滹沱群豆村亚群底部四集庄组玄武岩、顶部青石村组玄武岩和东冶亚群中下部河边村组玄武岩,进行岩石学和地球化学研究。分析结果表明：玄武岩主量元素高TiO2、TFeO,低MgO,具有演化的基性岩浆的特征。稀土元素含量相对较高,具有弱—中等程度的轻稀土元素富集,中等程度的轻重稀土元素分异,轻微的Eu异常;玄武岩中Cr、Ni含量变化较大,但与Mg#具有很好的正相关性。微量元素配分图解中具有明显的Sr负异常,部分样品具有Nb、Ta和Ti负异常,无Zr、Hf负异常,与岛弧火山岩不同;同时Nb、Ta无分异,Zr/Hf值较高,具有板内玄武岩浆的特征。综合分析认为,滹沱群玄武岩可能形成于板内裂谷环境。在岩浆上升过程中发生橄榄石与尖晶石的分离结晶作用,同时不同程度地受到地壳的混染。     

Breakthroughs in the biodiversity, biogeography, biostratigraphy, and basin analysis of the Beaufort group

Over the past decade researchers working on the rocks of the Beaufort Group in the main Karoo Basin of South Africa have vastly increased our understanding of this important Permo-Triassic sequence. Many new fossil forms have been discovered, allowing for breakthroughs into the biodiversity, biogeography and biostratigraphy of the group. Taxonomic and phylogenetic advances are many and varied, and cover most of the vertebrate taxa, but with emphasis placed on the temnospondyl amphibians, archosauriforms and non-mammalian synapsids, in particular the anomodontia. Biostratigraphic breakthroughs have centered on the Middle Permian Eodicynodon and Tapinocephalus assemblage zones, the Late Permian Dicynodon Assemblage Zone, and the Triassic Lystrosaurus and Cynognathus assemblage zones. Correlation of these biozones with better dated sequences in Europe, Russia and China has allowed for many chronostratigraphic refinements, which are in turn vital for sequence stratigraphical analysis of the basin fill. Based on fossil data, both the lower (Ecca–Beaufort) and upper (Beaufort–Molteno) contacts of the group have been proved to be highly diachronous. The refined chronostratigraphic framework has also allowed for a better analysis of the basin evolution through time, particularly in terms of the correlation of external stimuli that affect basin sedimentation patterns.