南岭诸广山北体复式花岗岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄及多期岩浆活动

诸广山复式花岗岩基位于湘、赣、粤三省交界处,是南岭花岗岩的重要组成部分,由南体和北体组成,出露面积大于5000 km2,形成于加里东期、印支期、燕山期3个时代。通过对诸广山北体3期花岗岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年,结果表明,加里东期花岗闪长岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为(414.5±4.5)Ma(n=13,MSWD=0.52)、(417.3±4.8)Ma(n=12,MSWD=0.84),形成于晚志留世末。印支期黑云母二长花岗岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄(207.5±2.7)Ma(n=10,MSWD=1.6),形成于晚三叠世末。燕山期二云母二长花岗岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄(148.2±1.7)Ma(n=13,MSWD=0.93),形成于晚侏罗世。该成果为南岭地区构造-岩浆演化及成矿作用研究,提供了重要的花岗岩年代学依据。     

内蒙古东南部晚古生代裂谷区花岗质岩石锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年及其地质意义

该区花岗质岩石主要岩性为石英闪长岩、英云闪长岩、花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩和正长花岗岩。通过对石英闪长岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年[1],所获得年龄为(313±5)Ma～(323±4)Ma,属于晚石炭世侵入体;前进场和达青二长花岗岩各单元岩体均侵入了该区早二叠世寿山沟组海陆交互相碎屑沉积岩,侵入接触关系明确,红柱石角岩发育。测得前进场岩体和达青岩体锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄分别为(280.8±3.6)Ma和(281.5±0.5)Ma,说明岩体形成于早二叠世晚期;乌兰陶勒盖正长花岗岩岩体获得了259Ma、羊角林高勒二长花岗岩为246～216Ma的U-Pb同位素年龄,说明在晚二叠世—三叠世又有一次侵入高峰。石炭—二叠纪裂谷发育时期,部分跨入三叠纪,先后有3次侵入高峰,即晚石炭世的石英闪长岩、早二叠世的英云闪长岩—二长花岗岩、晚二叠世—三叠纪的二长花岗岩-正长花岗岩。     

内蒙古红山子复式岩体地质时代的厘定及其地质意义

通过岩相学研究和LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年,对红山子岩体的主要侵入期次和侵入岩形成时代进行了厘定,明确了红山子岩体为复式岩体并探讨了其地质意义。岩相学研究表明,红山子复式岩体由粗粒碱长花岗岩、斑状黑云母花岗岩、细粒黑云母碱长花岗岩和花岗斑岩等组成; LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果显示:粗粒碱长花岗岩的年龄为153. 6±1. 2 Ma,斑状黑云母花岗岩年龄为151. 4±1. 1 Ma,与周边火山盆地赋矿火山岩的年龄一致,属晚侏罗世早期;细粒黑云母碱长花岗岩的年龄为131. 5±1. 8 Ma,花岗斑岩年龄为133. 3±1. 4 Ma,与侵入红山子盆地的花岗斑岩的年龄一致,属早白垩世早期。因此,红山子岩体是由燕山期2个相隔20 Ma的不同期次侵入体组成的复式岩体。研究表明,红山子铀矿床赋存在早白垩世早期花岗斑岩与晚侏罗世火山岩的内、外接触带中,暗示复式岩体早白垩世早期细粒黑云母花岗岩、花岗斑岩与晚侏罗世粗粒碱长花岗岩、斑状黑云母花岗岩的内、外接触带是有利的找矿部位,并得到了铀矿勘查实践的初步证实。     

北秦岭太白花岗岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年及其地质意义

北秦岭太白岩体位于商丹构造带北侧。野外侵入关系和LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年显示,该岩体由早志留世的五里峡岩体、晚三叠世的红崖河岩体和早白垩世的下板寺岩体组成。五里峡岩体的主要岩石类型为片麻状黑云母二长花岗岩,锆石U-Pb年龄为(431±2)Ma;红崖河岩体的主要岩石类型为黑云母二长花岗岩,锆石UPb年龄为(214±2)Ma;下板寺岩体为粗粒黑云母花岗岩,锆石U-Pb年龄为(130±1)Ma,表明太白岩体是由3个不同时代岩体组成的侵入复合杂岩体。结合区域构造背景和前人的研究成果,得出早志留世五里峡岩体可能与秦岭微板块沿商丹缝合带俯冲碰撞有关;晚三叠世红崖河岩体与秦岭早中生代主期岩浆作用一致,是华北地块与扬子地块碰撞的产物;燕山期的下板寺花岗岩属于板内岩浆作用。研究显示,今后应注意大岩体的解体,其可能隐含着不可忽视的构造-岩浆作用信息。     

孙吴-嘉荫地区早中生代花岗岩的年代学、地球化学与成因

对小兴安岭北部孙吴-嘉荫地区早中生代花岗岩进行了年代学和地球化学研究,据此探讨其成因及形成的构造背景。锆石U-Pb同位素定年结果表明,研究区早中生代花岗岩分为晚三叠世和早侏罗世两期,形成时代分别为210 Ma和187~181 Ma。晚三叠世碱长花岗岩属铝质A型花岗岩,岩浆源区为新元古代从亏损地幔中增生的基性火成岩地壳。早侏罗世英云闪长岩-花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩属埃达克岩,是由加厚下地壳物质部分熔融形成的;正长花岗岩-碱长花岗岩与同期埃达克岩具明显不同的地球化学特征,岩浆源区为中元古代从亏损地幔中增生的基性地壳物质。结合区域地质构造演化特征,认为晚三叠世花岗岩是华北板块和西伯利亚板块碰撞造山后伸展构造环境下的产物,早侏罗世花岗岩的形成与古太平洋板块俯冲产生的挤压构造环境有关。     

北秦岭太白花岗岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年及其地质意义

北秦岭太白岩体位于商丹构造带北侧。野外侵入关系和LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年显示,该岩体由早志留世的五里峡岩体、晚三叠世的红崖河岩体和早白垩世的下板寺岩体组成。五里峡岩体的主要岩石类型为片麻状黑云母二长花岗岩,锆石U-Pb年龄为（431±2） Ma;红崖河岩体的主要岩石类型为黑云母二长花岗岩,锆石U-Pb年龄为（214±2） Ma;下板寺岩体为粗粒黑云母花岗岩,锆石U-Pb年龄为（130±1） Ma,表明太白岩体是由3个不同时代岩体组成的侵入复合杂岩体。结合区域构造背景和前人的研究成果,得出早志留世五里峡岩体可能与秦岭微板块沿商丹缝合带俯冲碰撞有关;晚三叠世红崖河岩体与秦岭早中生代主期岩浆作用一致,是华北地块与扬子地块碰撞的产物;燕山期的下板寺花岗岩属于板内岩浆作用。研究显示,今后应注意大岩体的解体,其可能隐含着不可忽视的构造-岩浆作用信息。     

川西雀儿山花岗杂岩体锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其成矿专属性

川西义敦岛弧碰撞造山带北段雀儿山复式花岗杂岩体的年代学和全岩地球化学研究表明,雀儿山杂岩体主要由花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩和正长花岗岩组成。锆石LA--ICP--MS U--Pb测年结果显示,该岩体中的花岗闪长岩形成时代为晚三叠世(224±3 Ma),二长花岗岩则形成于早白垩世(102±1 Ma)。地球化学数据表明,晚三叠世花岗闪长岩为火山弧岩石序列,形成环境为碰撞前俯冲环境;早白垩世二长花岗岩和正长花岗岩为后碰撞岩石序列,形成于造山期后板内或陆内环境。结合区域地质资料,认为雀儿山杂岩体为印支期—燕山期义敦岛弧碰撞造山带经历俯冲--碰撞--隆升过程中的产物。     

甘蒙北山石炭纪清水泉岩体SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年代学及地质意义

本文对清水泉复式杂岩体进行SHRIMP锆石U-Pb测年,获得二长花岗岩形成时代为314.4±4.7 Ma,含黑云母花岗岩形成时代为311.7±4.1 Ma,英云闪长岩形成时代为314.0±4.0 Ma,加之前人在该地区花岗闪长岩中获得Rb-Sr全岩等时线年龄(277.71±13.5 Ma),限定清水泉复式杂岩体的主要侵位时代为晚石炭世至早二叠世,且至少存在两期岩浆;清水泉复式杂岩体微量元素与稀土元素特征表明岩体具有地壳重熔型花岗岩特征,为I型与A型过渡岩浆,形成于活动陆缘的后造山/火山弧环境,从而揭示在晚石炭世时,古红石山洋消减碰撞,之后进入后造山阶段。     

湖南南岳岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其地球化学特征

提要：分布于湖南衡山的南岳岩体,侵位于新元古代冷家溪群中,为复式岩体。通过锆石U-Pb年龄测定,其锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄为（215.5±1.5）Ma,主体形成于晚三叠世;其中部分小岩体形成于早白垩世,锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄为（140.6±0.8）Ma。晚三叠世花岗岩由三个岩石单元组成,第一期细中粒斑状角闪石黑云母二长花岗岩、第二期中细粒黑云母二长花岗岩、第三期二云母二长花岗岩;早白垩世花岗岩为二云母二长花岗岩。晚三叠世花岗岩属过铝质高钾钙碱性系列;早白垩世花岗岩属强过铝质高钾钙碱性系列。岩石明显富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素;∑REE中等（92.88×10^-6~296.56×10^-6）,Eu均为弱负异常(δEu=0.28~0.87),其中早白垩世花岗岩Eu亏损更大;ISr值较大（0.7093~0.7189）;低εNd（-8.04~-11.38）, 高T2DM（1.63 ~1.90 Ga）。综合研究表明,南岳花岗岩石为壳源含白云母过铝花岗岩类（MPG）,为华南前寒武系基底重熔而成,晚三叠世花岗岩有少量下地壳或地幔物质加入;其形成的构造背景应为碰撞造山作用晚期或结束时期,是陆内碰撞造山作用增温减压体制下的产物。     

福建惠安张坂复式岩体地质特征及同位素测年研究

惠安张坂复式岩体位于平潭—东山构造带中段,从早期到晚期,岩性依次由灰色中粒花岗闪长岩→灰白-浅肉红色中粒二长花岗岩→浅肉红色中细粒正长花岗岩→浅肉红色细粒正长花岗岩→浅肉红色含晶洞中细粒碱长花岗岩五种岩石类型组成。采用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果,取得中粒花岗闪长岩锆石U-Pb年龄为(91.3±3.0)Ma,中粒二长花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄为(86.1±4.1)Ma,中细粒正长花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄为(89.0±6.3)Ma,显示了惠安张坂复式岩体形成时代为晚白垩世。惠安张坂复式岩体为I型向A型过渡的高钾钙碱性花岗岩,其中花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩为I型花岗岩,正长花岗岩和碱长花岗岩为A型花岗岩特征,表现为由I型花岗岩向A型花岗岩演化的特征。惠安张坂复式岩体形成于后造山阶段早期挤压向后期伸展拉张过渡的环境。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.     

Paleomagnetic implications on the evolution of the tethys belt from the atlantic ocean to the pamirs since the triassic

We first re-examined the apparent polar wander curves for stable Eurasia and Africa since the Triassic. These curves were then combined together with curves of North and South America according to the kinematics of the Atlantic ocean and a synthetic polar wander curve was given. Then, most of the paleomagnetic results from the Tethys mobile belt, from the Atlantic to the Pamirs, were analysed.Several groups of plates, microplates and blocks can be seen. First, relatively stable regions like Maghreb and Sicily, which have not moved much. Then we have a group formed by Iberia, Sardinia, Italy and, to a lesser extent, Corsica and the Western and Central Alps. For these blocks, movements are anticlockwise rotations chiefly driven by the anticlockwise rotation of Africa, but they are sometimes stronger.To the east, a major change takes place. The north of the Aegean Sea and the Ionian zone are clockwise rotated and these rotations are recent: Oligocene-Miocene for the first part, Pliocene to the present for the second part.A major problem arises in Turkey, Caucasus and Iran. Paleomagnetic results indicate a position far to the south of Eurasia, and, at the same time, geological evidence is in favour of a position close to Eurasia. We discuss these discrepancies.