New evidence from a calcite-dolomite carbonatite dyke for the magmatic origin of the massive Bayan Obo ore-bearing dolomite marble, Inner Mongolia, China

Summary New data on Sr and Nd isotope composition and major and trace element distribution in dolomite-calcite carbonatite dykes at Bayan Obo are provided, and a Mid-Proterozoic age is deduced. The dykes and the neighbouring massive dolomite (H8) body have similar geochemical characteristics, interpreted to indicate a carbonatitic magmatic origin. The occurrence of riebeckite-bearing fenitized quartzites marginal to both dykes and H8 dolomite body, and the presence of xenoliths in the latter, supports this conclusion. Taken together with previously published stable isotope data, these data confirm a mantle-derived origin for the H8 body. The oxygen isotope composition of the dolomite and magnetite in the dykes is lower than that in the fine-grained dolomite. Oxygen data from samples of the coarse-grained dolomite host are either similar to the dykes or to the fine-grained type in agreement with their other geochemical characteristics. The carbonate-magnetite thermometric pairs of the fine-grained dolomite indicate a range of 350–540 °C, which is probably lower than that of the original main magmatic emplacement. This supports the distinction made between the original coarse-grained dolomite marble and dyke composition from the later fine-grained dolomite. Thus the large H8 dolomite is interpreted as a carbonatite intrusion that contains wall-rock xenoliths and caused fenitization of the hanging wall, foot wall and the xenoliths, and that the coarse-grained portions of the H8 marble are those portions that, in the Late Proterozoic to Palaeozoic, escaped recrystallization to fine-grained dolomite and subsequent REE-Fe mineralization. Currently at National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK An erratum to this article is available at .     

Isotope evidence for ijolite formation by fenitization: Sr−Nd data of ijolites from the type locality Iivaara,Finland

Ijolites from the type locality at Iivaara, Finland, form a continuous series of magmatic rocks ranging from urtites to melteigites. Both Ni and Cr, but also the large ion lithophile light-rare-earth elements, Zr, Hf, Nb, Rb, Sr and Ba are low in concentration. The Nd contents equal those of the neighboring fenites, Sr is distinctly less abundant, and there is no significant Eu anomaly. The ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr of the ijolites demonstrate a systematic covariation between the data of carbonaties from the Kola Alkaline Province (_Sr – 13.8, _Nd + 5.6) and those of the fenites at Iivaara (_Sr + 132.9, _Nd – 24.7) with _Sr varying from +0.3 to +23.9 and _Nd varying from-9.2 to-19.3. The trace element abundances and the isotopic data give evidence for a crystallization of the rocks from a liquid generated by melting (rheomorphism) of high-grade fenitized country rocks rather than from a primary mantle-derived magma which was contaminated at crustal levels. The fenitization of wall rocks preceding the ijolite magma formation was clement selective. Mixing of elements during the fenitization process between the designated components carbonatite (or derivative fenitizing fluid) and wall rock should have been dynamical depending on the stability of the wall rock mineral assemblages in contact with the fenitizing fluids, the migration velocity of these fluids, and their capacity of the respective elements. Such dynamical mixing explains best the variation of the isotope ratios withont systematic covariation of the respective element concentrations.     

The Yungul carbonatite dykes associated with the epithermal fluorite deposit at Speewah, Kimberley, Australia: carbon and oxygen isotope constraints on their origin

The Yungul carbonatite dykes at Speewah in the Kimberley region of Western Australia were emplaced along a north-trending splay from the northeast-trending Greenvale Fault located at the western boundary of the Halls Creek Orogen. The Yungul carbonatite dykes intrude a thick composite sill of the Palaeoproterozoic Hart Dolerite (~1,790 Ma), consisting of tholeiitic dolerite and gabbro with its felsic differentiates that form the Yilingbun granophyres and associated granites. The carbonatite dykes consist of massive, calcite carbonatite that host very coarse, pegmatitic veins and pods of calcite, and have largely replaced (carbonatitized) and fenitized the country rock Hart Dolerite suite in a zone up to 150 m wide. Dykes of red-brown siliceous fluidized-breccia and epithermal-textured veins consisting of bladed quartz, adularia and fluorite are closely associated with the carbonatite dykes. The Yungul carbonatites are closely associated with fluorite occurrences with resources currently reported as 6.7 Mt at 24.6% CaF₂. The precise age of the Yungul carbonatite is not known, although it is believed to be post early Cambrian. The total REE content of the Yungul carbonatite is low (174.0–492.8 ppm; La/Yb 2.28–10.74) and thus atypical for calciocarbonatite. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns for the carbonatite are relatively flat compared to average calciocarbonatite, and show small negative Eu anomalies. These unusual geochemical features may have been acquired from the Hart Dolerite suite during emplacement of the carbonatite, a process that involved extensive replacement and fenitization of country rocks. Carbon and oxygen isotope compositions of massive calcite carbonatite and the coarse calcite veins and pods from the carbonatite suggest a deep-seated origin. The C and O isotope compositions show an overall positive correlation that can be attributed to both magmatic and magmatic-hydrothermal processes in their evolution. The magmatic δ¹³C-δ¹⁸O trend is also indicative of crustal contamination and/or low-temperature water/rock exchange. The carbon isotopic compositions have δ¹³C values that range from about ?5.2‰ to ?6.3‰ that support a mantle-derived origin for the Yungul carbonatites and are consistent with earlier conclusions based on whole-rock geochemistry and radiogenic isotopes studies.     

Trachytic Rock and Associated Fenitization in the Bayan Obo Ore Deposit, Inner Mongolia, China: Evidence for Magmatic-Hydrothermal Mineralization Related to a Carbonatitic Complex

Trachytic rock and its altered rock-fenite-in the Bayan Obo ore district, Inner Mongolia, China, were referred to as slate or feldspar rock before, and identified by the authors for the first time (in 1992). In the paper the mineral assemblages, structures and textures and petrochemical compositions of the rocks, as well as the electron microprobe analysis of feldspars in the rocks are described. The Sm-Nd isochron age of the trachytic rock is 1096±56 Ma, with INd=0.51100+4 (2σ) and εNd(t)= -4.4±0.7. Alterations of the trachytic rock, including microclinization, riebeckitization, aegirinization and biotitization, and accompanied rare element and REE mineralizations are discussed. Based on the occurrence of the trachytic rock and associated fenitization it is deduced that the Bayan Obo Fe-Nb-REE ore deposit is genetically related to magmatic-hydrothermal activity of an alkali carbonatite complex.     

Geochemical constraints on the genesis of the Bayan Obo Fe-Nb-REE deposit in Inner Mongolia, China

Trace element and isotopic compositions of carbonate from ore bodies, country rock which hosts the ore bodies (H8 dolomite), a carbonatite dyke exposed in Dulahala near Bayan Obo, and rare earth element (REE)-rich dolomite in Bayan Obo have been determined to understand the genesis of the Bayan Obo Fe-Nb-REE ore deposit, the world’s largest resource of REE. The REE and trace element distribution patterns of samples from the REE-rich carbonatite dykes are identical to those of mineralized carbonate rocks, indicating a genetic linkage between the REE-rich carbonatite and mineralization in this region. By contrast, carbon and oxygen isotopes in the mineralized carbonate varied significantly, δ¹³C = −7.98‰ to −1.12‰, δ¹⁸O = 8.60-25.69‰, which are distinctively different from those in mantle-derived carbonatite. Abnormal isotopic fractionations between dolomite and calcite suggest that these two minerals are in disequilibrium in the carbonatite dyke, ore bodies, and H8 marble from Bayan Obo. This isotopic characteristic is also found in mineralized sedimentary marine micrite from Heinaobao, ∼25 km southeast of the Bayan Obo Fe-Nb-REE ore deposit. These facts imply that the carbonate minerals in the Bayan Obo deposit have resulted from sedimentary carbonate rocks being metasomatised by mantle-derived fluids, likely derived from a REE-enriched carbonatitic magma. The initial Nd isotope values of ore bodies and carbonatite dykes are identical, indicating that ore bodies, carbonatite dykes and veins may have a similar REE source.     

德兴斑岩铜矿成矿过程的氧、锶、钕同位素证据

为探讨德兴铜厂斑岩铜矿床成矿热液流体的来源、作用范围、时空演化及Cu在热液流体中的行为和迁移方向等重要问题，对采集于该矿床南部不同蚀变程度的岩石进行了氧、锶、钕同位素分析，结果表明，虽然与铜三斑岩铜矿成矿过程有关的热液流体至少有3种，包括高温岩浆流体、来自深部围岩的非岩浆流体和大气降水，但是起主导作用的是岩浆流体，钕、锶同位素在空间上的变化表明，在成矿流体形成及演化过程中，锶同位素值由斑岩体内部向围岩接触带有规律地升高（0.705→0.711），指示了矿床是因热液流体将成矿元素从岩体内部迁移到接触带附近富集而成的，它符合斑岩铜矿的正岩浆模式，而钕同位素则相对稳定，可作为蚀变侵入体岩浆起源的示踪剂。     

Scale and timing of Rare Earth Element redistribution in the Taconian foreland of New England

Clastic sedimentary rocks, deposited on eastern North America in response to the Taconian Orogeny, commonly have Sm/Nd isotope relationships indicating substantial isotope disturbance near or subsequent to the time of sedimentation that may be associated with severe depletion in light rare earth elements (LREE). Affected units [Normanskill Formation (Austin Glen and Pawlet Members), Frankfort Formation and Perry Mountain Formation] are widely separated both geographically (western New York to western Maine) and stratigraphically (Middle Ordovician to Silurian). A model is proposed for the most likely explanation of the observed REE and Sm/Nd isotope relationships involving a two‐stage process. In the first stage, REE are redistributed on a mineralogical scale (dissolution/precipitation on a sample scale) often with the involvement of REE‐enriched trace phases such as apatite and monazite. This stage typically takes place during diagenesis but may also take place later during metamorphism and/or recent weathering, and results in isotope re‐equilibration on a sample scale. The second stage occurs when one or more of these phases is redissolved and REE are transported on large advective scales. Where LREE‐enriched phases are involved, this gives rise to LREE depletion in whole rocks. The timing of this second stage cannot be constrained from Sm/Nd isotope data and may take place at any time subsequent to the isotope re‐equilibration. Such complex histories of REE redistribution may result in serious errors in estimating Nd model ages but not in estimating the Nd isotope composition at the age of sedimentation. Thus, Sm/Nd ratios even of unmetamorphosed sedimentary rocks have to be carefully evaluated before the calculation of depleted mantle model ages for the provenance.     

白云鄂博REE-Nb-Fe矿床的富钠岩石类型析及成因分

白云鄂博稀土-铌-铁矿是世界最大的稀土多金属矿床之一,主要产于中元古界富钠岩石、白云岩和富钾板岩中。富钠岩石与含矿碳酸岩、富钾板岩一起在白云鄂博广泛分布,特别是在主矿和东矿南侧分布广泛,也产在含矿围岩和底盘围岩中。富钠岩石包括富钠长石岩、含钠闪石钠长岩脉、钠闪石岩脉及钠闪石碳酸岩脉和钠闪石化蚀变白云岩。富钠岩石在一个地质单元内出现,但成分略有不同,其岩石化学分析表现出富钠特征,大部分样品的w(Na2O)在6%以上,w(Na2O+K2O)>8%,w(Na2O)>w(K2O)。富钠长石岩的里特曼指数δ为2.96~8.56,n(A l)/n(K+Na)>1,n(A l)/n(K+Na+Ca)<1,表明为弱碱性偏铝质岩石。富钠岩石以富集地壳不相容元素、亏损地幔元素为特征,其稀土总量低于矿化白云岩,但轻稀土元素高度富集,具弱负铕异常,与含矿白云质火山岩一致。根据岩石产状、组构及化学成分分析,富钠长石岩属于富钠火山岩,而其他含钠闪石岩脉则属于岩浆分异侵入的岩脉与岩浆热液充填岩脉。钠化交代以霓石化、钠铁闪石化和钠长石化出现为特征。另外,富钠流体与白云岩反应形成了钠铁闪石化白云岩,强烈的钠化蚀变作用主要出现在稀土强烈富集的主矿和东矿。比较蚀变与未蚀变岩石的化学成分,表明蚀变作用引起稀土的重新分配和弱负铕异常。钠铁闪石化白云岩的w(S iO2)、w(TiO2)、w(K2O)和w(Na2O)升高,w(P2O5)降低。钠化蚀变前的碳酸岩中稀土元素已经富集,热液蚀变引起稀土元素的活化和重新分配,但是没有提供新的稀土来源。     

Isotopes and Geochronology of the Meixian-type Pb-Zn-(Ag)Deposits,Central Fujian Rift,South China:Implications for Geological Events

Central Fujian Rift is another new and important volcanogenic massive sulfide Pb-Zn polymetallic metallogenetic belt. In order to find out the material genesis and mineralization period of Meixian-type Pb-Zn-Ag deposits, S and Pb isotope analysis and isotope geochronology of ores and wall rocks for five major deposits are discussed. It is concluded that the composition of sulfur isotope from sulfide ore vary slightly in different deposits and the mean value is close to zero with the 834S ranging from -3.5‰ to ＋5.6‰ averaging at ＋2.0‰, which indicates that the sulfur might originate from magma or possibly erupted directly from volcano or was leached from ore-hosted volcanic rock. The lead from ores in most deposits displays radioactive genesis character （206pb/204pb〉18.140, 207Pb/204pb〉15.584, 208pb/204pb〉38.569） and lead isotope values of ores are higher than those of wall rocks, which indicates that the lead was likely leached from the ore-hosted volcanic rocks. Based on isotope data, two significant Pb-Zn metallogenesis are delineated, which are Mid- and Late-Proterozoic sedimentary exhalative metailogenesis （The single zircon U-Pb, Sm-Nd isochronal and Ar-Ar dating ages of ore- hosted wall rocks are calculated to be among 933-1788 Ma.） and Yanshanian magmatic hydrothermal superimposed and alternated metallogenesis （intrusive SHRIMP zircon U-Pb and Rb-Sr isochronal ages between 127-154 Ma）.     

白云鄂博富稀土元素碳酸岩墙的 碳和氧同位素特征

重点解剖了一条距白云鄂博超大型REE-Nb-Fe矿床东矿北东方向2 k m、切割白云鄂 博群H1及H3岩性段的细粒方解石碳酸岩岩墙的碳和氧同位素地球化学特征。结果表明,碳酸 岩的碳同位素组成变化范围较小(δ13C值为－6.6‰ ～ －4.6‰),与正常地幔碳δ 13C值－5±2‰一致;而氧同位素组成变化范围较大(δ18O值为11.9‰～17.7‰ ),显著高于地幔的δ18O值5.7±1.0‰,表明碳酸岩浆在结晶过程中或之后曾与 低 温热液流体发生了同位素交换。碳酸岩墙中白云石与方解石之间的碳和氧同位素分馏均小于 0‰,处于不平衡状态,说明该碳酸岩墙中的白云石与方解石并非同成因矿物,白云石可能 为次生成因的。     

白云鄂博矿床成因——矿体内霓长岩化成矿作用与赋矿白云岩的联系

通过对组成赋矿白云岩的白云石矿物系统的显微结构和化学成分的研究表明,赋矿白云岩是碳酸岩质次火山岩,因此白云鄂博矿床是与火成碳酸岩有关的矿床。赋矿白云岩属于镁质碳酸岩(MgOFeO+MnO)和铁质碳酸岩(MgOFeO+MnO)系列,FeO、MnO和SrO含量高,这与FeO、MnO和SrO含量很低的沉积碳酸岩完全不同。赋矿白云岩的这一特点还表明它来自经历过分异结晶后的白云质碳酸岩浆而不是初始白云质碳酸岩浆。赋矿白云岩复杂的矿物组合表明,其母岩浆是富含F、Cl、P和S这些挥发分以及REE,Na、K和Fe这些元素的。在碳酸岩浆上升和侵位的过程中由于温度压力的降低,碳酸岩浆释放的含上述组分的流体会向上部地壳集中并对其接触的围岩进行交代,这就形成了矿体内呈不对称带状分布的霓长岩化矿石带。在大量的萤石和稀土氟碳酸盐矿物形成以后(其对应于萤石-稀土条带状矿石),流体的成分仍相对富钠和CO_2,钠可以和围岩中的硅结合形成钠辉石,流体较高的比值,有利于稀土的富集,此时形成的钠辉石型矿石的稀土含量是相当高的,仅次于条带状矿石。随着流体继续迁移和交代,流体中CO_2浓度下降而H_2O含量增加,温度也有所下降,但是流体中的钠依然活跃,所以出现了含有结构水的钠闪石,形成了钠闪石型矿石。流体中H_2O的增加,比值的下降,不利于稀土的大量富集,因此,钠闪石型矿石的稀土含量明显低于钠辉石型矿石。这说明,从碳酸岩浆中外逸的流体,在迁移交代围岩的过程中其成分、温度和氧逸度都是有变化的。从初期富CO_2,温度和氧逸度较高,到后期富H_2O,温度和氧逸度都有所降低。不同矿石类型的形成与这种变化有直接的关系。不同矿石类型中的磁铁矿的生成方式虽然不同于白云岩中的磁铁矿,但前者的氧同位素继承了后者的特点,表明了它们的亲缘关系和成因上的联系。稀土分布型式表明,不同矿石类型的稀土分布型式与赋矿白云岩的大体一致,有明显的LREE富集和明显的HREE亏损,且总稀土含量越高,轻重稀土分离程度越高。但是,不同矿石类型在轻稀土含量上有一定程度的差别,表明在霓长岩化过程中轻稀土活动性更强。总之,氟、钠和铁的交代作用在主东矿最强,稀土、铌和铁资源也最为富集,这里的白云岩厚度也最大,表明白云鄂博矿的霓长岩化成矿作用与赋矿白云岩衍生的流体的大量聚集以及流体对围岩广泛强烈的交代作用直接相关。     

九十三沟金矿床地质特征

九十三沟金矿床产于延边复向斜北东端杜荒子-汪清中生代陆相火山断陷盆地东部的石英闪长斑岩内接触带角砾岩中,近南北向断裂构造控制金矿体的产出.成矿物质来自白垩纪浅成侵入体石英闪长斑岩,成矿热液为富含钾质的气水溶液.矿床属岩浆期后中低温热液型金矿床.     

白云鄂博的碳锶铈矿

在对白云鄂博碳酸岩中稀土矿物的研究中,发现了锶-稀土含水复碳酸盐矿物。根据电子探针分析结果,其化学成分相当于碳锶铈矿(Ancylite-Ce)、钙碳锶铈矿(Calcioancylite),前者Sr>Ca,后者Ca>Sr。计算得到的化学式分别为:(Sr0.62,Ca0.18)0.8(Ce0.5,Nd0.36,La0.17,Pr0.02,Sm0.02)1.2(CO3)2(OH1.04,F0.14)1.2H2O、(Ca0.73,Sr0.28,Ba0.17)1.2(Ce0.46,Nd0.15,La0.15,Pr0.04,Sm0.01)0.8(CO3)2(OH0.75,F0.06)0.8H2O,简化为:(Sr,Ca)2-xCex(CO3)2.(OH,F)2-x.H2O,接近理论化学式(Sr,Ca)Ce(CO3)2(OH)H2O,但附加阴离子除OH—外,还含有少量F-。两者均为几微米至十几微米的微小晶体,呈浸染状产出,且仅见于晚期方解石或方解石—白云石交生体中。     

Evidence for inherited Sm−Nd isotopes in granitoid zircons

This study presents evidence to show that, in addition to preserving U–Pb isotope systematics, refractory zircons also preserve, at least in part, an inherited Sm–Nd isotope component. The zircons analyzed during this study were taken from the Strontian granitoid (NW Scotland). The inner intrusion of this composite pluton is known from a previous study to contain substantial U–Pb zircon inheritance, whereas the outer part has only minor inheritance. Zircons from the inner intrusion were found to have significantly lower Nd₄₂₅ values than either their host rock, separated apatite or monazite. It is argued that this isotopic disequilibrium is due to the presence of an inherited Sm–Nd isotope component, rather than being due to a post-crystallization disturbance of the zircons. The preservation of inherted Sm–Nd isotopes within refractory zircons implies that they remain closed systems with respect to the diffusion of Sm and Nd (and presumably the other REE) to temperatures in excess of 700°C. The fact that zircons commonly have high Sm/Nd ratios, relative to sialic crustal material, means that the Nd isotopic evolution of inherited zircons will be very different to that of much of the continental crust.     

皖南地区天井山金矿的矿化时空结构及矿体定位规律

天井山金矿的矿化类型有石英脉型、蚀变岩型和千糜岩型,构成复合金矿化体系,各矿化类型的成因及时空配置具有密切的内在成生联系,组合产出特征明显。主成矿期成矿演化可以划分为微量金-石英阶段、金-单硫化物-石英阶段、金-多金属硫化物-石英阶段和微量金-萤石-方解石-石英阶段。矿体主要赋存于接触带构造及其附近,呈脉状、透镜状,膨大狭缩、尖灭再现、舒缓波状产出特征明显;断裂产状变化处及裂隙发育地段易于形成厚大富矿体,矿化发育程度与基性岩脉空间关系密切。矿体总体走向NE,具有浅部NW倾向、NE向侧伏,深部SE倾向、SW向侧伏的定位规律。其空间定位产出样式可分为外接触带型、接触带型和内接触带型。     

贵州交犁-拉峨汞矿床方解石Sm-Nd同位素年代学

三丹汞矿带位于贵州省南部,是继湘黔汞矿带之外西南大面积低温成矿域内发现的又一重要汞矿带。因此,阐明带内汞矿的成矿物质来源、成矿时代及成矿动力学背景等问题,对深入探讨西南大面积低温成矿域的形成机理有着重要的作用。热液方解石是带内汞矿床的主要脉石矿物之一,作者尝试对三丹汞矿带中段交犁-拉峨汞矿床中的热液方解石进行Sm-Nd同位素测年,获得等时线年龄为(129±20)Ma,MSWD=0.21,εNd=-12.9,说明成矿作用主要发生在燕山晚期。该年龄的报道为深入探讨汞矿床以及西南大面积低温成矿域的形成和演化提供了重要的信息和依据。结合前人研究认为,西南低温成矿作用主要存在两期,早期为145~155 Ma的Sb成矿作用,晚期为120~135 Ma的Sb、Au、Hg、As成矿作用。围岩下奥陶统锅塘组灰岩样品的εNd值为-12.6,与方解石εNd值极为接近,指示该矿床成矿物质可能主要来自奥陶系赋矿海相碳酸盐岩。     

Emplacement age and isotope geochemistry of Sung Valley alkaline–carbonatite complex, Shillong Plateau, northeastern India: implications for primary carbonate melt and genesis of the associated silicate rocks

The early Cretaceous (Albian–Aptian) Sung Valley ultramafic–alkaline–carbonatite complex is one of several alkaline intrusions that occur in the Shillong Plateau, India. This complex comprises calcite carbonatite and closely associated ultramafic (serpentinized peridotite, pyroxenite and melilitolite) and alkaline rocks (ijolite and nepheline syenite). Field relationship and geochemical characteristics of these rocks do not support a genetic link between carbonatite and associated silicate rocks. There is geochemical evidence that pyroxenite, melilitolite and ijolite of the complex are genetically related. Stable (C and O) and radiogenic (Nd and Sr) isotope data clearly indicate a mantle origin for the carbonatite samples. The carbonatite Nd (+0.7 to +1.8) and Sr (+4.7 to +7.0) compositions overlap the field for Kerguelen ocean island basalts. One sample of ijolite has Nd and Sr isotopic compositions that also plot within the field for Kerguelen ocean island basalts, whereas the other silicate–carbonatite samples indicate involvement with an enriched component. These geochemical and isotopic data indicate that the rocks of the Sung Valley complex were derived from and interacted with an isotopically heterogeneous subcontinental mantle and is consistent with interaction of a mantle plume (e.g. Kerguelen plume) with lithosphere. A U–Pb perovskite age of 115.1±5.1 Ma obtained for a sample of Sung Valley ijolite also supports a temporal link to the Kerguelen plume. The observed geochemical characteristics of the carbonatite rocks indicate derivation by low-degree partial melting (0.1%) of carbonated mantle peridotite. This melt, containing a substantial amount of alkali elements, interacted with peridotite to form metasomatic clinopyroxene and olivine. This process could progressively metasomatize lherzolite to form alkaline wehrlite.     

Rb–Sr and <Superscript>147</Superscript>Sm–<Superscript>143</Superscript>Nd systematics of gabbro and dolerites from fragments of ophiolite complexes of the Middle Urals

The Rb–Sr and ¹⁴⁷Sm–¹⁴³Nd age data obtained for sheeted dolerite dykes and rocks of the Platinum Belt of the Urals within the Tagil segment of the paleoceanic spreading structure (Middle Urals) are discussed. The study of the Rb–Sr isotope systematics of gabbro allowed us to reveal errochronous dependencies, which yielded ages of 415 and 345 Ma at (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)₀ = 0.70385 ± 0.00068 and 0.7029 ± 0.0010, correspondingly. The ¹⁴⁷Sm–¹⁴³Nd isotope age data demonstrate a specific coincidence of the chronometric ages of the sheeted dolerite dyke complex (426 ± 54, 426 ± 34, and 424 ± 19 Ma) and gabbro from the Revda gabbro–ultramafic massif (431 ± 27 Ma) and from screens between dolerite dykes in the sheeted dyke complex (427 ± 32 Ma, 429 ± 26 Ma). The proximity of the ¹⁴⁷Sm–¹⁴³Nd ages of gabbro and dolerite can be explained by the thermal effect of the basaltic melt, which is the protolith for the dyke complex, on the hosting gabbro.     

霓长岩岩石学特征及其地质意义评述

本文以几个典型实例,综合评述了与碱性岩和碳酸岩有关的碱质交代蚀变岩－霓长岩的岩石学特征。按照在霓长岩化作用过程中形成的新生矿物组合、结构构造、化学成分、空间分布及物质来源等特征,霓长岩可以分为低级、中级、高级、接触和脉状等５种类型。控制霓长岩化作用５的主要因素包括：（１）碳酸岩或者碱性岩的岩石学特征和侵位条件;（２）流体的来源、性质和成分;（３）围岩的矿物组合、结构构造和化学成分;（４）霓长岩化作     

The association of potassic trachytes and carbonatites at the Dicker Willem Complex, southwest Namibia: coexisting, immiscible, but not cogenetic magmas

The only significant silicate intrusive rock type in the Dicker Willem carbonatite complex is trachyte, forming, in places, an anastomosing array of minor intrusions cutting basement gneiss close to the carbonatite contact. Bodies are predominantly composite breccias, composed of trachyte clasts, commonly in the form of ellipsoidal pellets, enclosed within, and sharply delineated from, a matrix of carbonatite. Despite close temporal and spatial relationships to carbonatite magmatism, the ultrapotassic, quartz-normative composition and isotope systematics of the trachytes preclude any genetic derivation from the carbonatitic and ijolitic rocks of the central complex. Sr, Nd and Pb isotope ratios of trachytes strongly resemble those of the highest grade, potassic fenites, whose metasomatic trend converges from the unaltered basement gneiss towards the homogeneous signature of the nepheline sövite–sövite–ijolite suite. Trachytes are interpreted as forming by melting of a cupola of high-grade fenite in response to the advective heat flux from rising carbonatite magma or fluid. Mixed carbonatite and trachyte were emplaced in a fluidised system as contemporaneous, but genetically unrelated, immiscible magmas.