四川平武雪宝顶绿柱石的振动光谱

自然界中绿柱石晶体多为柱状,具板状晶形的绿柱石非常少见。对产 于四川雪宝顶 云英岩晶洞中的无色透明板状绿柱石及产于雪宝顶蒲口坡石英脉中的绿柱石进行了红外和拉 曼光谱分析,并与产于阿尔泰三号伟晶岩脉中的柱状绿柱石进行了比较。雪宝顶两个绿柱 石的结构通道中的水以II型水为主,而阿尔泰绿柱石结构通道中的水以I型水为主。雪宝顶 绿柱石中Li对Be的替换也对它的红外及拉曼光谱造成了影响。     

四川平武绿柱石结晶学特征研究及发展前景

产于四川平武的绿柱石颜色呈现浅绿色至无色，透明至半透明，形状为独特的板状，是国内绿柱石呈现板柱晶形的唯一实例，其共生组合已经作为观赏石开发，采用电子探针，X射线分析等多种方法对平武绿柱石进行了结晶学的研究，并分析了其应用前景。     

四川平武板状绿柱石矿物学特征及板状成因

在综合该区绿柱石产出背景的基础上,从围岩蚀变、矿物共生组合、矿物标型形态和绿柱石测温测压等方面确定平武绿柱石矿床是气成高温浅成石英脉型矿床。文中对绿柱石矿物进行了湿法化学分析、X射线粉晶衍射分析、微形貌分析,研究了该区绿柱石的形态、物性、化学成分及类质同象特征,确定该区绿柱石为板状晶形的含铯钠锂绿柱石,碱金属平均质量分数为2.412%(Li2O+Na2O+K2O+ Rb2O+Cs2O)。板状含碱绿柱石一般发育在伟晶岩中,气成高温热液矿床中产出板状含碱绿柱石极为罕见。在以上工作基础上,从绿柱石形成的内因和外因两方面探讨了绿柱石的板状成因。     

新疆大卡拉苏花岗伟晶岩锥状绿柱石矿物特征

在自然界中绿柱石多为柱状，往往呈杂乱无序状晶出，锥状绿柱石非常少见。大卡拉苏花岗伟晶中的六方锥状绿柱石，垂直花岗伟晶岩脉壁定向晶出，与熔浆期后钠质交代作用关系密切。     

試談某地含绿柱石偉晶岩矿床类型及找矿标誌

在我国某地大片古老变质岩系分布地区普遍发育着花岗伟晶岩脉,已知在伟晶岩形成的同时产生了多种稀有元素矿物,因之对找寻稀有元素矿物资源是一有利地区。现仅就某地伟晶岩中绿柱石的产出情况讨论其富集规律。一、含绿柱石伟晶岩脉的一般物性伟晶岩脉一般产于古老的花岗片麻岩和变质片岩中,其分布方向与区域构造方向一致,均近于东西方向平行分布,形态多成岩墙状、脉状、板状,亦有成不规则的透镜状者。     

四川平武钨锡铍矿床成矿流体特征

四川平武新近发现多处规模较大的产于晶洞中的绿柱石、锡石和白钨矿宝石矿。本文对矿石矿物绿柱石、锡石和白钨矿中的流体包裹体进行了分析，直接获取了成矿期的流体信息，由于绿柱石、锡石的结晶均较早，故更为接近原始成矿流体的性质。平武钨锡铍宝石矿中流体包裹体有气液两相包裹体、CO2三相包裹体和含子矿物包裹体三种类型。包裹体完全均一温度最佳取值区间为260～300℃，盐度范围为0．53％～8．73％NaCleq，压力估算小于10．5MPa，矿床类型属于浅成中低温热液型。绿柱石中含子矿物包裹体和CO2三相包裹体共存，二者均一温度平均值较为相近，显示了不混溶流体包裹体的特征。绿柱石包裹体的完全均一温度和盐度平均值均高于白钨矿和锡石，绿柱石和白钨矿包裹体液相成分中F^-、Cl^-离子含量高于锡石。绿柱石、白钨矿和锡石三种矿物沉淀的先后顺序为：绿柱石→锡石→白钨矿。     

中国红、兰宝石产地

蓝宝石 山东蓝宝石:产地昌乐地区,产于碱性橄榄玄武岩及附近的土砾层中,颜色多深蓝或蓝黑的靛蓝色,亦有绿色或黄色,块状,晶体呈六方柱状、桶状、晶粒大,一般5—10m。 海南蓝宝石:产地文昌的蓬莱,牛岭,产于碱性玄武岩风化壳之红土层中,蓝宝石、红宝石与钻石共生,晶体是六方柱状、板状或不规则状,含杂质,多为微透明至半透明,颜色为蓝色、天蓝色、浅蓝,部分为蓝绿色、淡红色、黄褐色,粒径2—8mm。     

四川平武富碱型绿柱石晶体的晶格缺陷与生长机制

在低饱和度，碱性，气成一热液条件下形成的四川平武绿柱石宝石晶体，具有特征的扁平板状几何外形，在绿柱石晶体的{0001},{1010},{1121}面上，普遍发育螺旋位错，束合螺旋位错，层错及接触双晶，它们共同构成了绿柱石晶体生长的主要台阶源，微分干涉显微镜，扫描电镜和透射电镜研究结果证实，由填隙变形，位错滑移和水解弱化等综合作用，直接导致绿柱石硅氧四面体六方环结构和铍氧四面体 结构的局部畸变，并相应引起多面体体积，化学键力，键合能及晶面的法向生长速率发生变化，从而决定了该区绿柱石晶体生长的形 态，由绿柱石晶体中的线缺陷（螺旋位错），而缺陷（层错，双晶）及点缺陷（空位，包裹体）的协同作用，是导致四川平武扁平板状绿柱石晶体形成的主要原因。     

内蒙古自治区阿尔哈达铅锌矿矿床地质特征

阿尔哈达铅锌矿产于中酸性岩体附近的泥盆系、二叠系中,受与NE向断裂贯通的成群(组)出现的次级断裂控制;矿体连续性较好,平面上呈透镜状,空间上呈柱状、似板状、透镜状,矿体为隐伏-半隐伏状,埋深不大;矿床属于中低温热液矿床.     

九龙绿柱石晶体形貌研究

四川九龙绿柱石晶体形态有短柱状、板柱状、扁平板状以及板锥状晶体,晶体上出现的单形有平行双面c｜0001｜、六方双锥p｜10^-11｜、s｜11^-21｜、六方柱m｜10^-10｜、a｜11^-20｜以及复六方双锥v｜21^-31｜、n｜31^-41｜。利用微分干涉显微镜等手段,对九龙绿柱石晶体进行了形貌研究,发现｜0001｜、｜11^-21｜和｜10^-10｜面上具有丰富的表面微形貌。晶面上的六边形溶蚀丘、六边形生长丘、拉长六边形螺旋生长纹和三角生长丘体现了相应面网结构的对称性,螺旋生长纹发生束合、三角形圆化等现象均反映了环境条件的变化。     

Blue, complexly zoned, (Na,Mg,Fe,Li)-rich beryl from quartz-calcite veins in low-grade metamorphosed Fe-deposit Sk��ly near Ryma?ov, Czech Republic

Syn-tectonic quartz-calcite veins containing blue beryl are enclosed in hematite > magnetite-rich portions of the low-grade metamorphosed Fe-deposit Skály near Ryma?ov, Czech Republic. Aggregates of pale to deep blue beryl, up to 2?cm in diameter, are associated with euclase, clinochlore, hematite, albite and dravite. Complexly zoned beryl crystals consist of skeletal aggregates of beryl I randomly distributed within volumetrically dominant beryl II with narrow rims of beryl III. All types of beryl have similar contents of Na (0.32?C0.49 apfu) and Mg (0.31?C0.41 apfu) but variable contents of Fe_tot (0.05?C0.34 apfu) and Al (1.20?C1.62 apfu). The LA-ICP-MS study yielded elevated contents of Li, up 1,314?ppm (0.28?wt.% Li₂O) in beryl I. The quartz-calcite veins represent an unusual type of low-T metamorphic-hydrothermal vein related to Fe-ore deposit characterized by single-stage fracturing and mobilization in a closed system at T~200?C300°C and CO ₃ ^2- as a major complexing agent for the mobility of Be.     

四川雪宝顶W-Sn-Be矿床中矿物化学组成及矿床成因

雪宝顶矿床位于四川省的松潘甘孜造山带中,以出产大颗粒含W-Sn-Be-F-P的矿物而闻名,前人对该矿床已经开展了大量的研究,但缺乏对粗粒矿物的主次痕量元素研究。本次研究采用X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、电子探针(EMPA)和电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)技术对矿床中各矿物的主次痕量元素进行测试分析。结果显示,雪宝顶矿床中的绿柱石、白钨矿、锡石、白云母、萤石、磷灰石、电气石,除富含W、Sn、Be、Na、K、Ca等主要成矿元素外,还富集Li、Rb、Cs等碱金属元素和F、B、P等挥发份。其中,雪宝顶绿柱石中富含Li(3484~4243μg/g)、Rb(39.3~71.1μg/g)、Cs(2955~3526μg/g);白云母中Li、Rb和Cs元素含量分别高达4243μg/g、72.3μg/g和3526μg/g;磷灰石中除主量元素P外,F(4.48%~5.21%)含量相对较高;电气石中的B含量高达30990~32880μg/g。雪宝顶矿床中的花岗岩岩体W、Sn、Be、Li、Rb、Cs、F、B、P等元素相对富集,但CaO含量(0.46%~0.82%)相对较低。其中Li、F、B、P等元素对成矿元素在成矿流体内的富集起到了极大的促进作用。矿区内大理岩是一种富Ca的方解石大理岩,为成矿提供了大量的Ca元素,有利于粗粒矿物的大规模沉淀。因此,粗粒矿物中的W、Sn、Be、Li、Rb、Cs、F、B、P等元素主要来源于原始岩浆流体,大理岩地层为粗粒矿物提供了大量的Ca元素。     

Beryl from deposits of the Ural Emerald Belt, Russia: ICP-MS-LA and infrared spectroscopy study

Single crystals of beryl from varied deposits of the Ural Emerald Belt were examined using ICP-MS-LA and IR spectroscopy. The distinct relationships of Li, Na, and Cs allow one to distinguish three genetic groups of beryl that resulted from an evolved mineral-forming fluid. It is shown that the Cs/Na value is reflected in IR spectra of water molecules in beryl that determine the genetic group of beryl. In addition, among the deposits studied, beryl of the largest Mariinsky (Malyshevo) deposit is distinguished by both its chemical composition and IR spectra.     

内蒙赤峰鱼眼石矿物学特征及其水的赋存状态研究

采用显微镜和XRD,EMPA,FTIR,RAMAN,TGA等现代测试方法对内蒙赤峰鱼眼石的晶体形态、矿物组合、化学成分、谱学特征、热力学性质等进行了测试分析,初步探讨了鱼眼石晶体形态的成因以及水的赋存状态。赤峰鱼眼石晶体呈粒状—假立方状,由四方柱{100}、四方双锥{111}和平行双面{001}聚合而成,无色-浅粉红色,玻璃光泽,透明到半透明,与钙铁辉石、雪硅钙石和毒砂等矿物共生。赤峰鱼眼石的主要化学成分为w(SiO_2)50.22%~52.73%,w(CaO)24.16%~25.28%,w(K_2O)3.57%~5.80%和w(F)2.62%~3.48%,含有少量的Na_2O,Al_2O_3和Cr_2O_3,平均成分的晶体化学式为:(K_0.964Na_0.109)_1.073Ca_4.036[(Si_7.727Al_0.091Cr_0.073)_7.891O₂₀](F_0.828OH_0.172)_1.000·7.775H_2O。硅的含量不足导致硅氧四面体层活性氧与层间阳离子的键强增大,促使鱼眼石晶体沿c轴方向的生长,形成粒状—假立方状晶体形态。红外光谱中3 556 cm^-1和1 691 cm^-1吸收峰以及96.7℃,255.9℃,418.9℃,437.7℃的主要失水温度均表明赤峰鱼眼石中的水属于结晶水,而600℃以后仍有少量的失重,以及红外光谱中3 418 cm^-1和3 242 cm^-1吸收峰的出现,又反映出赤峰鱼眼石中部分水具有结构水的特点。     

Genesis of the Xuebaoding W–Sn–Be Crystal Deposits in Southwest China: Evidence from Fluid Inclusions,Stable Isotopes and Ore Elements

The Xuebaoding crystal deposit, located in northern Longmenshan, Sichuan Province, China, is well known for producing coarse‐grained crystals of scheelite, beryl, cassiterite, fluorite and other minerals. The orebody occurs between the Pankou and Pukouling granites, and a typical ore vein is divided into three parts: muscovite and beryl within granite (Part I); beryl, cassiterite and muscovite in the host transition from granite to marble (Part II); and the main mineralization part, an assemblage of beryl, cassiterite, scheelite, fluorite, apatite and needle‐like tourmaline within marble (Part III). No evidence of crosscutting or overlapping of these ore veins by others suggests that the orebody was formed by single fluid activity. The contents of Be, W, Sn, Li, Cs, Rb, B, and F in the Pankou and Pukouling granites are similar to those of the granites that host Nanling W–Sn deposits. The calculated isotopic compositions of beryl, scheelite and cassiterite (δD, ?69.3‰ to ?107.2‰ and δ¹⁸O_H2O, 8.2‰ to 15.0‰) indicate that the ore‐forming fluids were mainly composed of magmatic water with minor meteoric water and CO₂ derived from decarbonation of marble. Primary fluid inclusions are CO₂? CH₄+ H₂O ± CO₂ (vapor), with or without clathrates and halites. We estimate the fluid trapping condition at T = 220 to 360°C and P > 0.9 kbar. Fluid inclusions are rich in H₂O, F^‐ and Cl^‐. Evidence for fluid‐phase immiscibility during mineralization includes variable L/V ratios in the inclusions and inclusions containing different phase proportions. Fluid immiscibility may have been induced by the pressure released by extension joints, thereby facilitating the mineralization found in Part III. Based on the geochemical data, geological occurrence, and fluid inclusion studies, we hypothesize that the coarse‐grained crystals were formed by: (i) the high content of ore elements and volatile elements such as F in ore‐forming fluids; (ii) occurrence of fluid immiscibility and Ca‐bearing minerals after wall rock transition from granite to marble making the ore elements deposit completely; (iii) pure host marble as host rock without impure elements such as Fe; and (iv) sufficient space in ore veins to allow growth.