氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定铜矿石中的砷锑铋

样品经王水溶矿分解,在氨水存在下,以Fe3+作共沉淀剂分离铜后,用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定铜矿石中的砷、锑、铋。方法检出限为砷0.19μg/g、锑0.052μg/g、铋0.049μg/g;精密度(RSD,n=10)为砷5.87%、锑7.58%、铋2.42%。     

氢化物发生—ICP／AFS同时测定矿石中的砷锑铋

砷锑铋属化探工作重要指示元素,目前多采用氢化物发生-AFS和AAS测定。本文采用氢化物发生-ICP/AFS同时测定矿石中砷锑铋,选择了仪器及灯组件的操作条件,产生氢化物的介质,试验了共存离子的影响。在本文条件下,砷锑铋检测限分别为30、5、15ppb。对300ppm砷;36ppm锑、40ppm铋的矿样测定10次,其标准偏差分别为6.7％、6.7％,6.8％。可用于>0.Xppm锑,>1ppm砷、铋的样品测定。     

同一溶样体系快速测定化探样品中铜铅锌砷锑铋汞

文章采用王水溶剂常压水浴溶样,在同一溶样体系分别采用原子荧光测试砷锑铋汞和原子吸收测试铜铅锌,砷、锑、铋、汞4种元素的溶样方法、测试方法和标准方法一致,所以没有再进行方法验证;铜、铅、锌分析方法的检出限、准确度、精密度符合规范要求。对我部矿区样品,用本文方法与标准方法进行了比对试验,2种分析结果吻合;用t检验法对2种方法进行了系统误差检验,结果表明2种方法间没有系统误差存在。     

福建碧田铜金银矿床中硫盐矿物及钨锡矿化物研究

福建碧田矿床成因上是与燕山晚期次火山岩有关的,以银为主的大型铜金银矿床。该矿床产于燕山早期花岗岩中,在其铜矿石内发现了较多的锌砷黔铜矿、铋砷黝铜矿、铋锑黝铜矿、碲砷黝铜矿,针硫铋铅矿、硫铋铜矿、硫砷铜矿等硫盐矿物及少见的钨锡矿化物－硫锡铁铜矿,硫铁锡铜矿和硫钨锡铜矿。     

西南北海道地区早川、释迦坑矿床的铜铅锌矿化作用

早川与释迦坑矿床的铜铅锌矿化作用特征,集中表现在单位矿脉的构造、矿物组合、矿化阶段以及矿脉中石英和母岩氧同位素组成等方面.早川与释迦坑的矿床中,存在着黄铜矿—黄铁矿—黝铜了—方铅矿—伴有闪锌矿的石英脉(铜铅锌石英脉)以及方铅矿—伴有闪锌矿的石英脉(铅锌石英脉.铜铅锌石英脉较铅锌石英脉更早期形成.铜铅锌石英脉的矿物组合为黄铜矿、黄铁矿、黝铜矿—砷黝铜矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿、硫砷铜矿、车轮矿、板硫锑铅矿、碲银矿、黄锡锌矿、砷等轴硫钒铜矿、Cu-Fe-Zn-Sn-S系矿物、硫碲铋铅矿、硫铜铋铅矿、石英以及磷灰石.铅锌石英脉的矿物组合为方铅矿、闪锌矿、黄铁矿、黄铜矿、黝铜矿、银金矿及石英.随着矿化作用早期向晚期过渡,闪锌矿中的FeS含量有所减低.黝铜矿—砷黝铜矿的单一颗粒中,Sb与As之间的化学组成出现明显的非均质性.     

福建碧田铜金银矿床中硫盐矿物及钨锡硫化物研究

福建碧田矿床成因上是与燕山晚期次火山岩有关的、以银为主的大型铜金银矿床。该矿床产于燕山早期花岗岩中,在其铜矿石内发现了较多的锌砷黝铜矿、铋砷黝铜矿、铋锑黝铜矿、碲砷黝铜矿、针硫铋铅矿、硫铋铜矿、硫砷铜矿等硫盐矿物及少见的钨锡硫化物——硫锡铁铜矿、硫铁锡铜矿和硫钨锡铜矿。这些矿物形成于成矿作用早期的黄铜矿-斑铜矿-黄铁矿阶段。成矿温度在260～380℃之间,最低成矿压力20～40 MPa,硫逸度(lgfs_2)=-8.74～-12.06。钨锡铋矿物的发现表明,燕山早期花岗岩可能为成矿提供了部分物质来源。     

河北杏树台矿床中的硫铋锑镍矿和派克矿

硫铋锑镍矿和派克矿与五元素矿化有关,产于富含砷镍矿和红砷镍矿的脉状矿石中,并形成特征的硫铋锑镍矿-派克矿共生组合。根据矿石组构、矿物共生组合和类质同象系列的研究,杏树台硫铋锑镍矿和派克矿属于中低温热液矿物,并形成于含矿溶液由富Ni向富Bi演变的成矿作用过程。它们晶出于砷镍矿,红砷矿之后,辉铋矿、自然铋之先。 硫铋锑镍矿在我国属首次发现。硫铋锑镍矿-派克矿共生组合在国外有关文献中尚无报道。笔者在研究杏树台五元素建造的基础上指出,硫铋锑镍矿-派克矿共生是Bi,Ni硫化物的一种极为特征的产出形式,并认为,类似的矿物共生也应见于世界其他地区。     

氢化物—原子吸收光谱法测定地球化学样品中的砷、锑、铋

氢化物—原子吸收光谱法是测定砷、锑、铋等元素的一种快速、灵敏、准确的分析方法,国内外已有报导。 为了适应大批地球化学样品中砷、锑、铋的分析,本文较详细地研究了用氢化物—原子吸收光谱法在同一份溶液中连续测定砷、锑、铋的仪器工作条件、氢化物发生条件及共存元素的干扰,找出了对砷、锑、铋均为有效的还原抑制体系,拟定了一个简便、快速、灵敏、准确地测定地球化学样品中砷、锑、铋的方法。在选定的条件下,测得砷、锑、铋的灵敏度     

氢化物——无色散原子荧光法测定地质样品中微量硒及碲

在过去的报告中,我们曾详细地报导了有关氢化物——无色散原子荧光光谱法的实验技术及有关装置。目前,我们已将这个方法应用于化探样品中测定微量砷、锑及铋。两年来,在我们的实验室中已分析了近三万个样品。方法简便、快速。     

氢化物原子荧光法对多目标区域地球化探样品中砷、锑、铋、汞的测定

本文研究了在酸性介质中,利用氢化物发生法,快速测定化探样品中砷、锑、铋、汞。本法具有仪器结构简单,元素选择性好,干扰因素少等特点,并具有较高的灵敏度和较好的重现性。充分满足了多目标区域地球化探的要求。     

Flameless atomic-absorption determination of gold in geological materials

Gold in geologic material is dissolved using a solution of hydrobromic acid and bromine, extracted with methyl isobutyl ketone, and determined using an atomic-absorption spectrophotometer equipped with a graphite furnace atomizer. A comparison of results obtained by this flameless atomic-absorption method on U.S. Geological Survey reference rocks and geochemical samples with reported values and with results obtained by flame atomic-absorption shows that reasonable accuracy is achieved with improved precision. The sensitivity, accuracy, and precision of the method allows acquisition of data on the distribution of gold at or below its crustal abundance.     

Mineralogical Associations of Arsenic and Antimony in Thirty Five Geochemical Reference Materials by Sequential Extraction with Hydride Generation and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

A method is described to estimate the chemical forms of arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) in a variety of geochemical reference materials, combining a sequential extraction scheme with hydride generation and atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-AAS). The fractions dissolved by sequential extraction are empirically defined as the exchangeable, EDTA soluble, oxide, sulfide and residual fractions. The amount of As and Sb in the EDTA soluble fraction have been derived mainly from oxide phases, and partly from carbonate minerals. Most sulfide minerals in common geological samples were considered to be dissolved with the digestion of 0.7 mol l⁻¹ NaOCl, but only small fraction of arsenopyrite and loellingite in ores could be dissolved in this way. Satisfactory agreement was observed between the sum of the As or Sb values from exchangeable to residual fractions and the reported total As or Sb values, with a few exceptions. Analytical results of As and Sb for thirty five geochemical reference materials are tabulated, and geochemical and mineralogical features are discussed.     

原子荧光光谱法测定地球化学样品中的砷、锑和汞的方法改进

在原子荧光光谱法中，通过改进地球化学样品的分解条件，预还原条件及测定条件，使砷、锑和汞能在同一介质中测定，而且实现了砷与汞的双道同时测定。方法的检测出限、准确度及精密度均能达到行业要求。     

正态分布在区域地球化学调查样品分析质量评价中的应用探讨

区域地球化学样品长期以来一直是采用间接方法对实际样品元素分析质量进行评价,有效地提高了区域地球化学样品的整体分析质量,但是当实际样品和外部质量控制样品含量范围差别较大时,间接评价的效果会减弱。本文从区域地球化学样品大部分元素符合标准(对数)正态分布的规律出发,运用SPSS、Excel等软件对区域地球化学调查样品元素含量正态分布情况进行研究,通过计算元素含量实际正态分布图和标准正态分布图的重合度直接评价元素的分析质量。运用整套方法对实验室分析的江西某地多目标区域地球化学样品的分析数据进行了质量评价,正态分布检验表明微量元素需要通过对数转换才能进行正态分布分析,该地区钛、钨、铬等元素不适合用本方法进行质量评价;钴、汞、镓等18个元素的重合度都在0.9以上;氧化钙和氧化钠重合度小于0.9,样品实际结果分析表明需降低分析方法检出限,提高低含量氧化钙和氧化钠的分析质量。本方法对区域地球化学调查样品的分析数据质量的直接评价作了有益的尝试,可以作为现有区域地球化学调查样品质量评价办法的参考和补充。     

分形方法在微量元素油气化探异常下限分析中的应用

在研究松辽盆地（松嫩平原南部）土壤样品中与油气化探相关的I、S、Cl、Sr四种微量元素地球化学场数据特征的基础上,应用传统方法和分形方法分别确定其地球化学异常下限,并对研究区土壤元素地球化学异常区域进行了固定。通过对比,发现分形方法圈定的异常区域与已知油气区吻合更好,该方法既避免了遗漏有用的油气信息,同时也剔除了部分干扰因素。     

Chemical analysis of contaminated soil strengthened by the addition of lime

Strengthening of contaminated materials using inorganic cementitious agents is becoming more widely used in the UK. The method has particular advantages for bulk fill operations such as highway earthworks. Research has been done into the chemical characteristics of leachates and leached solid samples from a study into the long-term durability of a lime strengthened silt/pfa mixture amended with sewage sludge. This involved determinations of chemical composition and mineralogy, and geochemical modelling using . None of the heavy metals tested is present in the leachate at a concentration likely to pose a significant environmental threat, although some were present to a higher degree than expected based on the inorganic chemistry. This is ascribed to complexation of the heavy metals with dissolved organic matter.     

Selective extraction procedures applied to geochemical prospecting in an area contaminated by old mine workings

A geochemical soil survey in the vicinity of the known ore body at Lontzen (Belgium) revealed numerous lead and/or zinc anomalies. Three soil traverses were selected in this area and examined for possible contamination. Two anomalous samples from one traverse were obviously contaminated (brick fragments). A sequential selective extraction procedure was applied to the soil samples, using a modification of the method of Gatehouse et al.Using this procedure, lead anomalies related to the probable extension of a known galena-sphalerite vein appear in every dissolution step. In contrast, in contaminated samples, only the final acid digestion produced anomalous values. One may thus suppose that contamination of the sample adds metal in the form of a resistant phase which is only dissolved by strong acid reagents. It should be noted that the contrast between anomalous and background values is highest for hydroxylamine hydrochloride and about the same for all other dissolution steps.The samples were also submitted to non-sequential selective extractions. The calculation of the difference between non-sequential and sequential extractions leads to the localization of two highly contrasted peaks which correspond exactly with the ore veins.     

东北哈尼泥炭沼泽中酚酸的组成、酚铁相互作用及其环境意义

大量研究表明,溶解性有机质与铁的螯合对生物可利用性铁的输出有重要影响.然而,对于天然有机质,尤其是泥炭沼泽源的酚类物质,与铁相互作用的地球化学机制仍然缺乏研究.以长白山西麓哈尼泥炭沼泽为研究对象,调查了泥炭沼泽源水体可溶性总铁、亚铁、水溶性总酚等理化指标.同时,测定了泥炭中酚酸的组成及含量,分析对比泥炭与土壤中铁的主要赋存形态.并开展了酚铁相互作用模拟实验,研究了泥炭沼泽源水体中酚铁相互作用机制.结果表明:哈尼泥炭沼泽水体中亚铁浓度与水溶性总酚浓度显著相关,说明水溶性总酚对亚铁的存在及运移有重要影响.哈尼泥炭中含有原儿茶酸、咖啡酸、没食子酸、龙胆酸、丁香酸、阿魏酸、对羟基苯甲酸、对香豆酸、水杨酸、香草酸等多种酚酸.其中,具有儿茶酚或没食子酰基结构的原儿茶酸、咖啡酸和没食子酸能与亚铁形成稳定螯合物,是泥炭沼泽源水体中Fe(Ⅱ)保持稳定并可以远距离迁移的关键.研究还表明,原儿茶酸、咖啡酸、没食子酸和龙胆酸对Fe(Ⅲ)有显着的还原作用,有利于沼泽区水体中的保持较高Fe(Ⅲ)和Fe(Ⅱ)浓度.哈尼泥炭中铁主要以活动态(可交换态、络合态和无定形态)为主,为铁的迁移、转化和循环奠定了基础.鉴于泥炭沼泽在全球的分布面积巨大以及亚铁对海洋生物有促进作用,酚酸对铁的作用机制对陆地系统向海洋输送生物可利用铁具有重要意义,并对碳循环、硫循环以及气候变化有重要影响.      

Interpolation for geochemical surface reconstruction incorporating topographic catchment definitions

Geochemical surfaces are reconstructed by interpolating geochemical measurements obtained from stream-water and stream-sediment samples. The geographical region that influences (and therefore is represented by) the value of a geochemial sample is its topographic catchment area. However, standard convention is to treat and to record the stream sample in the database as a point location, and to reconstruct geochemical surfaces utilizing conventional point interpolation procedures. These interpolation procedures assume, generally, that a data point exerts geographical influence away from itself in all directions, and that influence declines with distance away from that data point. Conventional interpolation procedures are poorly suited for reconstructing geochemical surfaces from stream samples; they do not take into account the true geographic area that geochemical sample points represent (topographic catchments). In this paper we propose a method of interpolation which assumes that data points are representative of their topographic catchment areas. Experimental data indicates that a surface reconstruction procedure which preserves the areal character of geochemical samples provides results more meaningful than surfaces reconstructed using more conventional interpolation techniques.     

Geochemical and mineralogical pattern recognition and modeling with a Bayesian approach to hydrothermal gold deposits

The Bayesian approach is an effective method of identifying the probability of mineralogical and geochemical type (MGT) mineralization of trace elements in galena, pyrite and other distributions in ore mineralization. Monomineralic samples have been identified using a computer-based Bayesian method and exploration geochemical techniques of Au deposits for MGT. In order to employ the method, a data bank was used consisting of the results of analysis of more than 12,000 monomineralic samples collected from the main hydrothermal Au deposits in Tajikistan (a territory of CIS). The Bayesian approach applied to geochemical data, such as posterior probabilities and discriminant analysis, provide numerical and graphical means through which the relationships between the trace elements and samples can be studied. The method used here, along with GIS, to find MGT can be used as geochemical indicators of regions with Au mineralization. The results of analyzing 100 monomineralic samples of pyrite from the Au–Ag Shkolnoe deposit (Tajikistan) show a multi-MGT anomaly superposition which is a combination of three MGT: (1) Au–Ag type (85% and more), (2) Au–sulfide-polymetallic type (46%), and (3) Au–sulfide type (40%). Mineralogical and geochemical maps (MGM) can be drawn based on results of MGT anomalies in a GIS environment. These maps can replace traditional metallogenic maps. The advantage of MGM substitutions is that a qualitative tool is replaced by a quantitative one. This helps one to make optimal managerial and more economical decisions.