汉诺坝橄榄岩捕虏体的单斜辉石LAM-ICPMS分析及其岩石圈地幔演化意义

橄榄岩成分及其中矿物(如单斜辉石)微量元素组成可以很好地揭示岩石圈地幔性质．在对汉诺坝新生代玄武岩中橄榄岩捕虏体做详细岩相学和岩石化学研究基础上,重点分析了单斜辉石的激光原位微量元素,并探讨了新生代华北克拉通北缘岩石圈地幔特征及地幔演化．汉诺坝地区岩石圈地幔是相当于原始地幔经过不同程度的部分熔融抽取形成的,除个别样品的部分熔融程度为15％-20％外,多数样品<5％．全岩主元素、单斜辉石成分体现出新生代汉诺坝地区的岩石圈地幔是很不均一的:在主体饱满型中有亏损型地幔的残留．这种共存现象可能是软流圈物质对古老地幔进行侵蚀、混合和改造置换的结果．单斜辉石微量元素组成所体现的碳酸岩岩浆交代作用和硅酸盐熔／流体的交代作用也支持这一认识．     

中国东部部分地区新生代岩石圈地幔的成因:主量和微量元素制约

为厘定中国东部新生代岩石圈地幔的成因,进而探讨岩石圈减薄的方式,本文选择汉诺坝、女山、盘石山和方山尖晶石二辉橄榄岩作为研究对象,系统分析了其主、微量元素。结果表明,这些地区新生代岩石圈地幔具有"新生"的性质,为上涌的软流圈物质经过小于10%的部分熔融程度后的残留相形成,后又经历了类似新生代玄武岩性质的富硅熔体的交代,交代介质的物质贡献小于3%。新生代岩石圈地幔与古老克拉通岩石圈地幔在主、微量元素上的显著差异以及新生代岩石圈地幔微量元素特征的拟合,支持拆沉为华北克拉通东部减薄的主要方式。     

辉南新生代玄武岩中捕虏体橄榄岩矿物化学与华北岩石圈地幔演化

内容提要：在对吉林辉南新生代玄武岩中捕虏体橄榄岩详细的岩相学和矿物主量元素研究基础上,重点分析了单斜辉石激光原位微量元素,并讨论了辉南陆下岩石圈地幔的性质及其在华北克拉通破坏过程中的意义。橄榄石、单斜辉石和尖晶石的Mg#和Cr#均表明该区陆下岩石圈地幔主体是饱满的,同时也存在少量过渡和难熔型地幔。单斜辉石REE配分形式包括LREE亏损、倒U字型REE和LREE富集等不同类型。这些橄榄岩是地幔经历不同程度的部分熔融作用(低于10%)和复杂地幔交代作用的产物。交代介质主体是硅酸盐熔体,但个别样品有碳酸岩熔体交代的残留。橄榄石Mg#和平衡温度无相关性,说明辉南陆下岩石圈地幔不存在明显的分层而是交叉的。这些地幔特征和华北东部其他地区新生代的主体地幔性质相似,是熔-岩反应、侵蚀作用和上涌软流圈物质冷却转变置换的综合结果。     

湖南宁远早侏罗世玄武岩中橄榄岩包体的含水性和元素地球化学特征

运用电子探针(EMP)和激光熔蚀等离子体质谱(LA-ICPMS)对湖南宁远早侏罗世玄武岩中的橄榄岩包体矿物进行了主要元素和微量元素的系统分析,结果表明这些橄榄岩是经历了小程度部分熔融的原始地幔残留,并经历了后期交代作用的影响,硅酸盐熔体可能是重要的交代介质。运用显微傅立叶变换红外光谱技术(Micro-FTIR)对宁远橄榄岩中的单斜辉石和斜方辉石进行了详细的观察,结果显示两种辉石均含有以OH缺陷形式存在的结构水,其含量(H2O的质量分数,下同)分别为147×10-6～461×10-6和40×10-6～126×10-6。根据矿物百分含量计算的全岩水含量为34×10-6～108×10-6,除1个样品外,其余样品的水含量均50×10-6。结合文献中的资料看来,由橄榄岩包体所代表的宁远中生代岩石圈地幔的含水量要明显高于华北克拉通新生代岩石圈地幔的含水量(多30×10-6)。宁远中生代岩石圈地幔和华北新生代岩石圈地幔之间的差异反映的可能是中国东部岩石圈地幔含水性的时代演化,即伴随着岩石圈减薄的进行,上涌软流圈的热烘烤使得岩石圈地幔的水含量不断降低。     

Geochemical variation in peridotite xenoliths and their constituent clinopyroxenes from Ray Pic (French Massif Central): implications for the composition of the shallow lithospheric mantle

Anhydrous mantle peridotite xenoliths from a single volcanic vent in the French Massif Central are compositionally varied, ranging from relatively fertile lherzolites to refractory harzburgites. Fertile lherzolites closely resemble previous estimates of undepleted mantle compositions but the average of the Ray Pic xenoliths is much less enriched in LILE and LREE than McDonough's (1990) average mantle [McDonough, W.F., 1990. Constraints on the composition of the continental lithospheric mantle. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 101, 1–18]. The wide geochemical variation in the bulk rocks reflects significant heterogeneities that can be attributed to two major processes within the shallow lithospheric mantle. The first process is depletion, related to variable degrees of partial melting and melt extraction from an originally near-chondritic mantle. This process has largely controlled the major elements and much of the trace element variation between fertile lherzolites and refractory peridotites. LREE-depleted compositions are also produced by this process. During partial melting, HREE behaved coherently with the major oxides and the moderately incompatible trace elements (Y, V and Sc). A subsequent process of enrichment is indicated by high concentrations of incompatible trace elements in many of the xenoliths. Sr, Ba, K, Th, U, Nb and LREE abundance are independent of major oxide variations and reflect enrichment related to infiltration by alkaline silicate melts/fluids. Both fertile and refractory mantle were enriched but harzburgites were particularly affected. Modal metasomatism occurred only rarely and is indicated by Cr-diopside-rich veins and patches in a few samples. Their chemistry suggests that they were also formed by migration of similar magmas/fluids from the asthenospheric mantle, although the presence of wehrlitic patches may indicate interaction with carbonate melts. In both depleted and enriched xenoliths, trace element patterns for separated clinopyroxenes closely reflect those of the bulk rock, except for Rb, Ba and Nb, which are probably hosted by other phases.     

复杂的山东昌乐新生代玄武岩辉石岩捕虏体及其岩石圈演化意义

紧邻郯庐断裂带分布的山东昌乐新生代玄武岩含有丰富的辉石岩捕虏体。根据辉石岩的主、微量元素特征,可以将它们大致分为3类。Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类样品的岩石地球化学特征分别与河北汉诺坝-阳原新生代玄武岩中的Cr系列和Al系列辉石岩捕虏体相对应,都属壳-幔过渡带或岩石圈顶部地幔的分离结晶产物,其中Ⅱ类辉石岩还包含有陆壳物质组成,更可能是壳幔过渡带来源。Ⅲ类辉石岩在岩石地球化学特征上与汉诺坝的石榴石辉石岩相似,但不同的样品则分别表现出与洋岛玄武岩或正常洋中脊玄武岩相似的特征。丰富的昌乐玄武岩中辉石岩捕虏体所表现出来的复杂成因来源,与相对简单的上地幔特征相比,该区新生代时的顶部岩石圈地幔和壳-幔过渡带组成异常复杂,说明岩石圈减薄过程中自下而上的新生地幔物质对古老岩石圈的置换作用。     

华北中、新生代岩石圈地幔的交代作用：含金云母地幔岩提供的证据

本文对华北克拉通三个不同地区(河北汉诺坝、内蒙古集宁三义堂、河南鹤壁)新发现的含金云母尖晶石二辉橄榄岩和尖晶石橄榄单斜辉石岩捕虏体进行了详细的矿物组成、单斜辉石的微量元素和 Sr-Nd 同位素研究。通过与相同地区不含金云母尖晶石二辉橄榄岩捕虏体的系统对比发现通常含金云母的地幔橄榄岩比不含金云母的地幔橄榄岩岩富 Al_2O_3、CaO、NaO、K_2O、TiO_2,但相对贫镁;其单斜辉石的 LREE 更为富集,但 Sr、Nd 同位素组成则相对亏损。这说明地幔交代作用不仅能够造成地幔橄榄岩的玄武质组分和稀土元素的富集,而且亦能够造成全岩和橄榄石 Mg~#的降低和同位素组成的相对亏损。捕虏体的 Rb-Sr 等时线年龄暗示地幔交代作用发生在中、新生代;其交代熔体来源于软流圈。同时说明华北新生代岩石圈地慢普遍存在的主、微量元素和同位素组成类似于"大洋型"岩石圈地幔的特征很可能是岩石圈地幔橄榄岩与软流圈来源的熔体的大规模反应的结果,而非真正意义上的新增生的岩石圈地幔。     

河北阳原新生代玄武岩中橄榄岩捕虏体矿物化学:华北岩石圈地幔演化

橄榄岩及其中矿物的组成, 特别是单斜辉石的微量元素, 可以很好的揭示岩石圈地幔性质.在对河北阳原新生代玄武岩中橄榄岩捕虏体详细岩相学和矿物化学研究基础上, 重点分析了单斜辉石的激光原位微量元素, 讨论了新生代华北内部山带岩石圈地幔特征及其演化机制.阳原地区陆下岩石圈, 除个别样品的部分熔融程度为15%~20%外, 多数样品<5%, 显示该区的地幔演化是不均一的, 并表现为饱满与难熔-过渡型地幔的交叉并存.这种共存现象可以用软流圈物质对古老地幔进行不均匀侵蚀、改造和置换作用来解释.      

内蒙古集宁橄榄岩包体微区微量元素与Sr同位素特征及其岩石圈地幔演化的指示意义

为完整了解华北克拉通的破坏程度和机制,加深对其西部陆块岩石圈地幔的研究十分重要,而位于华北克拉通西部集宁新生代碱性玄武岩中的地幔橄榄岩包体,为研究人员认识该地区的岩石圈地幔的性质和演化起到指示作用.运用LA-ICP-MS和LA-MC-ICP-MS对集宁地区橄榄岩矿物进行原位微区测试,获得其主量、微量元素和Sr同位素成分的数据.根据矿物组成,可以将集宁地区的橄榄岩分为两类:第一类为贫单斜辉石橄榄岩 (单斜辉石体积分数小于8%),它们经历了高程度的部分熔融,可能是古老难熔岩石圈地幔的残留;第二类为二辉橄榄岩 (单斜辉石体积分数大于13%),其熔融程度低,代表了新生饱满的岩石圈地幔.第一类橄榄岩中单斜辉石REE含量整体偏低且轻微富集LREE,第二类橄榄岩中单斜辉石具有LREE富集和轻微亏损两种配分模式,大部分样品的核边有一定的强不相容元素及Sr同位素组成变化.这些微量元素和同位素特征都表明集宁橄榄岩包体经历过交代作用.(La/Yb)_N和Ti/Eu比值特征表明它们经历过多阶段的交代作用,交代介质有硅酸盐、碳酸盐熔/流体,这些交代介质可能为来源于古亚洲洋板块俯冲时释放的熔/流体.      

Refertilization of ancient lithospheric mantle beneath the central North China Craton: Evidence from petrology and geochemistry of peridotite xenoliths

The petrology and geochemistry of peridotite xenoliths in the Cenozoic basalts from Fanshi, the central North China Craton (NCC), provide constraints on the evolution of sub-continental lithospheric mantle. These peridotite xenoliths are mainly spinel-facies lherzolites with minor harzburgites. The lherzolites are characterized by low forsterite contents in olivines (Fo < 91) and light rare earth element (LREE) enrichments in clinopyroxenes. In contrast, the harzburgites are typified by high-Fo olivines (> 91), high-Cr# spinels and clinopyroxenes with low abundances of heavy REE (HREE). These features are similar to those from old refractory lithospheric mantle around the world, and thus interpreted to be relics of old lithospheric mantle. The old lithospheric mantle has been chemically modified by the influx of melts, as evidenced by the Sr–Nd isotopic compositions of clinopyroxenes and relatively lower Fo contents than typical Archean lithospheric mantle (Fo > 92.5). The Sr–Nd isotopic compositions of harzburgites are close to EM1-type mantle, and of the lherzolites are similar to bulk silicate earth. The latter could be the result of recent modification of old harzburgites by asthenospheric melt, which is strengthened by fertile compositions of minerals in the lherzolites. Therefore, the isotopic and chemical heterogeneities of the Fanshi peridotite xenoliths reflect the refertilization of ancient refractory lithospheric mantle by massive addition of asthenospheric melts. This may be an important mechanism for the lithospheric evolution beneath the Central NCC.     

Petrology and geochemistry of spinel peridotite xenoliths from Hannuoba and Qixia, North China craton

We report mineralogical and chemical compositions of spinel peridotite xenoliths from two Tertiary alkali basalt localities on the Archean North China craton (Hannuoba, located in the central orogenic block, and Qixia, in the eastern block). The two peridotite suites have major element compositions that are indistinguishable from each other and reflect variable degrees (0–25%) of melt extraction from a primitive mantle source. Their compositions are markedly different from typical cratonic lithosphere, consistent with previous suggestions for removal of the Archean mantle lithosphere beneath this craton. Our previously published Os isotopic results for these samples [Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 198 (2002) 307] show that lithosphere replacement occurred in the Paleoproterozoic beneath Hannuoba, but in the Phanerozoic beneath Qixia. Thus, we see no evidence for a compositional distinction between Proterozoic and Phanerozoic continental lithospheric mantle. The Hannuoba xenoliths equilibrated over a more extensive temperature (hence depth) interval than the Qixia xenoliths. Neither suite shows a correlation between equilibration temperature and major element composition, indicating that the lithosphere is not chemically stratified in either area. Trace element and Sr and Nd isotopic compositions of the Hannuoba xenoliths reflect recent metasomatic overprinting that is not related to the Tertiary magmatism in this area.     

U-Th-Pb and Lu-Hf isotopic constraints on the evolution of sub-continental lithospheric mantle, French Massif Central

We have carried out a Pb double-spike and Lu-Hf isotope study of clinopyroxenes from spinel-facies mantle xenoliths entrained in Cenozoic intraplate continental volcanism of the French Massif Central (FMC). U-Th-Pb and Lu-Hf isotope systematics verify the existence of different lithospheric domains beneath the northern and southern FMC. Northern FMC clinopyroxenes have extreme Lu/Hf ratios and ultra-radiogenic Hf (ε_Hf = +39.6 to +2586) that reflect ∼15-25% partial melting in Variscan times (depleted mantle model ages ∼360 Ma). Zr, Hf and Th abundances in these clinopyroxenes are low and unaffected by hydrous/carbonatitic metasomatism that overprinted LILE and light REE abundances and caused decoupling of Lu/Hf-Sm/Nd ratios and Nd-Hf isotopes (ε_Nd = +2.1 to +91.2). Pb isotopes of northern FMC clinopyroxenes are radiogenic (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb > 19), and typically more so than the host intraplate volcanic rocks. ²³⁸U/²⁰⁴Pb ratios range from 17 to 68, and most samples have distinctively low ²³²Th/²³⁸U (<1) and ²³²Th/²⁰⁴Pb (3-22). Clinopyroxenes from southern FMC lherzolites are generally marked by overall incompatible trace element enrichment including Zr, Hf and Th abundances, and have Pb isotopes that are similar to or less radiogenic than the host volcanic rocks. Hf isotope ratios are less radiogenic (ε_Hf = +5.4 to +41.5) than northern FMC mantle and have been overprinted by silicate-melt-dominated metasomatism that affected this part of FMC mantle. Major element and Lu concentrations of clinopyroxenes from southern FMC harzburgites are broadly similar to northern FMC clinopyroxenes and suggest they experienced similar degrees of melt extraction as northern FMC mantle. ²³⁸U/²⁰⁴Pb (53-111) and ²³²Th/²⁰⁴Pb ratios (157-355) of enriched clinopyroxenes from the southern FMC are extreme and significantly higher than the intraplate volcanic rocks. In summary, mantle peridotites from different parts of the FMC record depletion at ∼360 Ma during Variscan subduction, followed by differing styles of enrichment. Northern FMC mantle was overprinted by a fluid/carbonatitic metasomatic agent that carried elements like U, Pb, Sr and light REE. In contrast, much of the southern FMC mantle was metasomatised by a small-degree partial silicate melt resulting in enrichment of all incompatible trace elements. The extreme mantle ²³⁸U/²⁰⁴Pb (northern and southern FMC), ²³²Th/²³⁸U (northern FMC) and ²³²Th/²⁰⁴Pb ratios (southern FMC), coupled with unremarkable present-day Pb isotope ratios, constrain the timing of enrichment. Mantle metasomatism is a young feature related to melting of the upwelling mantle responsible for Cenozoic FMC volcanism, rather than subduction-related metasomatism intimately associated with mantle depletion during the Variscan orogeny. The varying metasomatic styles relate to pre-existing variations in the thickness of the continental lithospheric lid, which controlled the extent to which upwelling mantle could ascend and melt. In the northern FMC, a thicker and more refractory lithospheric lid (?80 km) only allowed incipient degrees of melting resulting in fluid/carbonatitic metasomatism of the overlying sub-continental lithospheric mantle. The thinner lithospheric lid of the southern FMC (?70 km) allowed larger degrees of melting and resulted in silicate-melt-dominated metasomatism, and also focused the location of the volcanic fields of the FMC above this region.     

利用原生岩浆定量反演原岩微量元素丰度的方法

利用同源不同程度平衡部分熔融作用形成的两种原生岩浆岩的微量元素浓度，提出了一种定量反演原岩微量元素丰度的方法。反演前不需要做任何人为假设，为定量研究源区的微量元素地球化学提供了一个有力的手段。对汉诺坝新生代橄榄拉斑玄武岩和碱性玄武岩的成因及地幔源区特征作了讨论。反演结果显示本区地幔相对球粒陨石有过明显的ＲＥＥ富集过程，并且不同的ＲＥＥ富集程度存在显著的差异。     

山东昌乐新生代碱性玄武岩与地幔捕虏体中各类单斜辉石的地球化学特征及其意义

山东昌乐位于华北克拉通东部,郯庐断裂带中段,广泛出露挟裹幔源捕虏体的新生代碱性玄武岩.为深入了解华北克拉通演化,依据岩相学特征、矿物化学成分特征,把昌乐碱性玄武岩中单斜辉石主要分为三大类:第1类为幔源捕虏体中原生单斜辉石,其主、微量元素含量呈现趋势不一致的解耦现象,且LREE、HREE各异特征表明其经历了多期、不同程度的地幔富集交代和部分熔融作用（低于10%的尖晶石相部分熔融）,交代熔体包括地幔富碱（K）富Al硅酸盐熔/流体,可能有碳酸盐熔体的贡献;第2类为幔源捕虏体中筛状单斜辉石,是部分熔融和熔体交代作用的共同产物,从无筛孔部位到筛孔周围远离筛孔部位和紧挨着筛孔部位,呈现出受熔体作用逐渐加强趋势,离筛孔较远部位记录了玄武质熔浆作用之前的一次富碱（K）富Al熔体交代的特征,而紧挨着筛孔的部位受晚期玄武质熔浆作用的影响最强;第3类为幔源捕虏体中反应边单斜辉石及玄武岩中斑晶单斜辉石,两者的化学成分及形成条件相似,显示HFSE正异常,LILE负异常,受OIB特征寄主玄武岩浆强烈的影响.昌乐新生代碱性玄武岩地幔捕虏体中单斜辉石显示经历多期"熔体作用"和不同程度的部分熔融特征,是研究区岩石圈地幔不均一性的体现.      

The evolution of the Arabian lower crust and lithospheric mantle — Geochemical constraints from southern Syrian mafic and ultramafic xenoliths

Geochemical compositions of lower crustal and lithospheric mantle xenoliths found in alkali basaltic lavas from the Harrat Ash Shamah volcanic field in southern Syria place constraints on the formation of the Arabian–Nubian Shield in northern Arabia. Compositions of lower crustal granulites are compatible with a cumulate formation from mafic melts and indicate that they are not genetically related to their host rocks. Instead, their depletion in Nb relative to other incompatible elements points to an origin in a Neoproterozoic subduction zone as recorded by an average depleted mantle Sm–Nd model age of 630 Ma.Lithospheric spinel peridotites typically represent relatively low degree (< 10%) partial melting residues of spinel lherzolite with primitive mantle compositions as indicated by major and trace element modelling of clinopyroxene and spinel. The primary compositions of the xenoliths were subsequently altered by metasomatic reactions with low degree silicate melts and possibly carbonatites. Because host lavas lack these signatures any recent reaction of the lherzolites with their host magma can be ruled out. Sm–Nd data of clinopyroxene from Arabian lithospheric mantle lherzolites yield an average age of 640 Ma suggesting that the lithosphere was not replaced since its formation and supporting a common origin of the Arabian lower crustal and lithospheric mantle sections.The new data along with published Arabian mantle xenolith compositions are consistent with a model in which the lithospheric precursor was depleted oceanic lithosphere that was overprinted by metasomatic processes related to subduction and arc accretion during the generation of the Arabian–Nubian Shield. The less refractory nature of the northern Arabian lithosphere as indicated by higher Al, Na and lower Si and Mg contents of clinopyroxenes compared to the more depleted nature of the south Arabian lithospheric mantle, and the comparable low extent of melt extraction suggest that the northern Arabian lithosphere formed in a continental arc system, whereas the lithosphere in the southern part of Arabia appears to be of oceanic arc origin.     

中国东部新生代玄武岩的地球化学──Ⅰ．主元素和微量元素组成：岩石成因及源区特征

所研究的玄武岩包括拉斑玄武岩、碱性玄武岩、苦橄粗玄岩和钾质玄武岩。主元素和微量元素的组成变化表明，中国东部玄武岩既是不同深度地幔部分熔融的产物，又经历了岩浆结晶分异作用。强不相容元素比值的变化特征显然与岩石圈地幔交代作用有关。软流圈地幔的上涌并导致上覆不均一的岩石圈地幔的部分熔融是形成中国东部新生代玄武岩的主要机制。     

Chemical geodynamics of Western Anatolia

We report major and trace element concentrations and Nd–Sr–Pb isotopic data of 10 post-collisional volcanic domains in Western Anatolia, a seismically active part of the Alpine–Himalayan belt in the Aegean extensional province. Our objective is to provide geochemical constraints for tectono-magmatic processes shaping the late Cenozoic geodynamic evolution of Western Anatolia.

Calc-alkaline volcanic rocks occurring to the north of the Izmir–Ankara–Erzincan suture zone show arc-like trace elements and isotopes and were formed by the melting of the metasomatized Neotethyan mantle-wedge; this process was facilitated by asthenospheric upwelling resulting from slab delamination. Calc-alkaline and alkaline volcanic rocks from within the Izmir–Ankara–Erzincan suture zone also show the imprint of subduction fluids in their major and trace elements, but their isotopic compositions indicate derivation from a metasomatized lithospheric mantle followed by assimilation of ancient crust. Volcanics along the N–S-oriented Kirka–Afyon–Isparta trend were derived from the lithospheric mantle that was metasomatized by fluids from the older subduction of the African plate. Golcuk–Isparta volcanic rocks show an asthenospheric imprint; the latter was a consequence of upwelling following a tear in the subducting African lithosphere. Shoshonitic Kula volcanic rocks show very high trace element concentrations, OIB mantle-like trace elements, and Nd–Sr–Pb isotopic signatures, and were formed by partial melting of the upwelling asthenospheric mantle; this event was synchronous with the Aegean extension and possibly also with slab window formation due to ruptures in the African plate.

Inherent in the above chemical geodynamic models are the high ?_Nd(0) values (+6.4) of the end-member volcanic rocks, implying the presence of an asthenospheric source beneath Western Anatolia that is responsible for the currently observed high heat flow, low Pn wave velocities, high seismicity, and tectonic activity.     

吉林汪清—辉南地幔透辉石微量元素及其记录的地幔熔融与交代作用

根据吉林汪清(WQ)中新世和辉南(HN)上新世玄武岩捕虏体橄榄岩透辉石的激光探针(LAM-ICPMS)微量元素分析结果,分析了华北北缘与兴蒙造山带结合部位陆下岩石圈地幔所经历的部分熔融作用和地幔交代作用.新生代时无论是靠近华北地块一侧的辉南,还是靠近兴蒙造山带一侧的汪清陆下岩石圈除少量难熔地幔残留外,主体上均表现为显生宙‘大洋型’的地幔特征,即经历了8％以下的部分熔融作用.这些地幔又记录着复杂的地幔交代作用过程,交代介质类似于含水的、含碳酸岩质的硅酸岩熔体.这样的地幔特征与中国东部其他地区新生代时的主体岩石圈相似,也有少量古老地幔残余,由此进一步说明中国东部中、新生代岩石圈减薄作用经历了软流圈地幔对古老岩石圈的侵蚀和最终的置换过程.     

Xenolith evidence for polybaric melting and stratification of the upper mantle beneath South China

Mantle xenoliths from Hainan and Qilin, South China have been studied to constrain the nature of the upper mantle and mantle processes beneath a continental margin. The extremely low Ti (160–245 ppm) contents in clinopyroxenes from some spinel lherzolites, indicative of high degrees of partial melting are inconsistent with the relatively high clinopyroxene modes (7.4–13%) in these samples. This inconsistency could be due to polybaric melting that started in the garnet stability field, then, after the breakdown of garnet to pyroxene and spinel, continued in the spinel stability field. Polybaric melting, due to adiabatic decompression of upwelling mantle, would leave a residual mantle in which the degree of depletion decreases with depth. The predicted stratified lithospheric mantle is evidenced by the negative correlation between the forsterite content in olivine and the equilibration temperature, proportional to the depth in the lithosphere from which the xenolith was derived. The lower part of the lithospheric mantle beneath South China consists predominantly of fertile and moderately depleted peridotites, which are either devoid of LREE enrichment, or show the trace element signature of incipient metasomatism, and plot within the Phanerozoic mantle domain. In contrast, the upper part of the mantle contains harzburgite and cpx-poor lherzolite, which are strongly affected by metasomatism of melt/fluid of highly variable composition. The anomalously high orthopyroxene mode (up to 47%) makes some of these refractory samples compositionally similar to the Proterozoic/Archean mantle. Their low equilibrium temperature (800–900 °C) points to the presence of old lithospheric relicts in the uppermost mantle beneath South China. Such lithosphere architecture may have resulted from partial replacement of Archean–Proterozoic lithosphere by asthenosphere that rose adiabatically subsequent to lithospheric thinning during the Cenozoic.     

中条山中生代镁铁质侵入岩年代学与地球化学:对华北克拉通南部岩石圈地幔性质的制约

镁铁质岩石作为幔源岩浆产物,其成因研究有助于探讨华北克拉通深部地幔性质及其演化过程.对中条山地区镁铁质侵入岩开展了系统的锆石U-Pb年代学、全岩主、微量元素、全岩Sr-Nd同位素和锆石Hf同位素研究,揭示了晚三叠世(217±2 Ma)和早白垩世(121±2 Ma)两期镁铁质岩浆活动.晚三叠世镁铁质侵入岩SiO2含量低至...