四川平武绿柱石宝石成矿地质特征

四川平武产出世界上十分稀少和珍贵的无色透明扁平板状绿柱石宝石。在野外详细调研和系统分析、测试基础上，全国总结和介绍矿床成矿地质环境，绿柱石宝石产出特征，绿柱石宝石矿物学、化学成分、结晶习性及晶体化学、谱学特征、包裹体特征，花岗岩与Be及W,Sn矿化关系和成矿的物理、化学条件。从而，确认该矿床为岩浆期后气成-热液型绿柱石宝石矿床。     

四川平武钨锡铍矿床成矿流体特征

四川平武新近发现多处规模较大的产于晶洞中的绿柱石、锡石和白钨矿宝石矿。本文对矿石矿物绿柱石、锡石和白钨矿中的流体包裹体进行了分析，直接获取了成矿期的流体信息，由于绿柱石、锡石的结晶均较早，故更为接近原始成矿流体的性质。平武钨锡铍宝石矿中流体包裹体有气液两相包裹体、CO2三相包裹体和含子矿物包裹体三种类型。包裹体完全均一温度最佳取值区间为260～300℃，盐度范围为0．53％～8．73％NaCleq，压力估算小于10．5MPa，矿床类型属于浅成中低温热液型。绿柱石中含子矿物包裹体和CO2三相包裹体共存，二者均一温度平均值较为相近，显示了不混溶流体包裹体的特征。绿柱石包裹体的完全均一温度和盐度平均值均高于白钨矿和锡石，绿柱石和白钨矿包裹体液相成分中F^-、Cl^-离子含量高于锡石。绿柱石、白钨矿和锡石三种矿物沉淀的先后顺序为：绿柱石→锡石→白钨矿。     

四川平武绿柱石结晶学特征研究及发展前景

产于四川平武的绿柱石颜色呈现浅绿色至无色，透明至半透明，形状为独特的板状，是国内绿柱石呈现板柱晶形的唯一实例，其共生组合已经作为观赏石开发，采用电子探针，X射线分析等多种方法对平武绿柱石进行了结晶学的研究，并分析了其应用前景。     

四川平武富碱型绿柱石晶体的晶格缺陷与生长机制

在低饱和度，碱性，气成一热液条件下形成的四川平武绿柱石宝石晶体，具有特征的扁平板状几何外形，在绿柱石晶体的{0001},{1010},{1121}面上，普遍发育螺旋位错，束合螺旋位错，层错及接触双晶，它们共同构成了绿柱石晶体生长的主要台阶源，微分干涉显微镜，扫描电镜和透射电镜研究结果证实，由填隙变形，位错滑移和水解弱化等综合作用，直接导致绿柱石硅氧四面体六方环结构和铍氧四面体 结构的局部畸变，并相应引起多面体体积，化学键力，键合能及晶面的法向生长速率发生变化，从而决定了该区绿柱石晶体生长的形 态，由绿柱石晶体中的线缺陷（螺旋位错），而缺陷（层错，双晶）及点缺陷（空位，包裹体）的协同作用，是导致四川平武扁平板状绿柱石晶体形成的主要原因。     

辽东凤城地区早白垩世花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及地质意义

辽东凤城地区出露的大面积花岗岩一直是华北克拉通北缘岩石圈减薄的研究热点，但花岗岩的岩石年龄、成因及构造环境等方面的研究尚不够深入.以辽东凤城地区帽盔山二长花岗岩、蛟羊峪花岗闪长岩、清凉山二长花岗岩为研究对象，采用岩石学、岩石地球化学及LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年方法，讨论了花岗岩的岩石成因及构造意义.帽盔山二长花岗岩、蛟羊峪花岗闪长岩、清凉山二长花岗岩中锆石具有典型的岩浆振荡生长环带和较高的钍铀比（Th/U>0.4），LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄分别为127.2±0.6 Ma、122.9±1.1 Ma、129.0±0.8 Ma，均形成于早白垩世.岩石地球化学特征显示帽盔山二长花岗岩和清凉山二长花岗岩为高钾钙碱性A型花岗岩，具有富Si、富碱，贫Al、Fe、Ca、Mg的特征，Eu负异常较为明显；蛟羊峪花岗闪长岩为准铝质到过铝质岩石，微量元素富集Nd、Tb、La，亏损Sr、P、Ti.构造环境判别结果显示，上述3个花岗岩体均形成于伸展拉张的构造环境.以上研究表明，辽东凤城地区在早白垩世时期处于非造山的伸展环境，是华北克拉通岩石圈减薄和克拉通破坏作用的缩影.      

越城岭-猫儿山地区花岗岩特征及成矿

越城岭-猫儿山地区花岗岩类岩石出露很广,侵入时代从加里东期至燕山期,为一套富硅、铝过饱和、燕山早期花岗岩体略富碱、分异演化程度较高的中粒-细粒黑云母花岗岩、二云母花岗岩和白云母花岗岩。岩石具有明显的富K2O,贫Na2O特征,为富含W、Sn、Pb和Bi的岩体,具备了为钨锡多金属矿化提供成矿物质和成矿热流体的内在条件。区内钨锡钼矿化与燕山早期花岗关系密切,矿床（点）产于细粒花岗岩周边、细粒花岗岩体与围岩接触带附近。     

瑞典西南部戈斯塔和松斯塔花岗质岩石的源岩讨论

在１６００Ｍａ到９００Ｍａ之间瑞典西部曾有多个花岗岩体多次分入于片麻岩杂岩体中，其中包括三期富微斜长石花岗岩。已变形和变质的戈斯塔和松斯塔花岗岩体属时代最老的富微斜长石花岗岩，为中粒浅灰红色岩石。岩石中黑云母多于角闪石，褐帘石，金红石，磷灰石和锆石是重要的副矿物，成分上属偏铝质和正长－二长花岗质；ＳｉＯ２变化于７０．４％－７８．７％之间，Ｋ２Ｏ／Ｎａ２Ｏ在０．８６－３．３２之间，Ｎａ和中Ｋ与其他主     

浙江景宁岩体岩石地球化学特征与LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄

浙江景宁岩体位于中国东南沿海大陆边缘活动带,受丽水—余姚断裂控制,呈近南北向展布,主要岩石类型为二长花岗岩、花岗岩和闪长岩。对景宁岩体中的二长花岗岩和花岗岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年及岩石地球化学分析。研究结果显示,二长花岗岩和花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄分别为121.3±0.3Ma和111.0±0.7Ma。岩体的岩石地球化学成分显示出富硅、富碱、低镁的特征,铝饱和指数介于1.01~1.09之间,分异指数为84.85~96.35,轻重稀土元素分馏显著,具有明显的负Eu异常,属于典型的弱过铝质高分异I型花岗岩。综合年代学和岩石地球化学特征,认为景宁岩体是早白垩世晚期岩石圈大规模伸展构造背景下地壳部分熔融的产物。     

浙江景宁岩体岩石地球化学特征与LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb 年龄

浙江景宁岩体位于中国东南沿海大陆边缘活动带,受丽水—余姚断裂控制,呈近南北向展布,主要岩石类型为二长花岗岩、花岗岩和闪长岩。对景宁岩体中的二长花岗岩和花岗岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年及岩石地球化学分析。研究结果显示,二长花岗岩和花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄分别为121.3±0.3Ma和111.0±0.7Ma。岩体的岩石地球化学成分显示出富硅、富碱、低镁的特征,铝饱和指数介于1.01~1.09之间,分异指数为84.85~96.35,轻重稀土元素分馏显著,具有明显的负Eu异常,属于典型的弱过铝质高分异I型花岗岩。综合年代学和岩石地球化学特征,认为景宁岩体是早白垩世晚期岩石圈大规模伸展构造背景下地壳部分熔融的产物。     

四川汉源平等澄江期A型花岗岩地球化学特征

根据花岗岩同源岩浆演化序列，将汉源平等复式花岗岩体划分为6个单元，归并为一个超单元。岩石类型以二长花岗岩、钾长花岗岩为主体，具明显的成分一结构演化特征。岩石化学以富硅、钾，贫钙，岩石稀土以具明显的铕负异常为特征。本超单元同位素年龄为650Ma-700Ma，它是澄江期非造山带，沿火山裂谷侵位的A型花岗岩。     

西藏错那洞穹隆祥林铍锡多金属矿地质特征及找矿方向

错那洞穹隆是北喜马拉雅片麻岩穹隆带(NHGD)中发现的新成员,穹隆由核-幔-边3部分组成。核部由寒武纪花岗质片麻岩组成,幔部由早古生代云母片岩和夕卡岩化大理岩组成,边部由变质沉积岩组成。在穹隆核部后期侵入有淡色花岗岩和伟晶岩脉。祥林铍锡多金属矿位于错那洞穹隆北部,矿区内发育多条南北向、北东向张性断裂。通过系统的地表工程控制,在穹隆幔部和断层破碎带内新发现了铍锡多金属工业矿体。通过错那洞穹隆北部祥林矿区的解剖,矿化类型可初步划分为夕卡岩型、锡石-石英脉型、锡石-硫化物型和花岗伟晶岩型。夕卡岩型矿体赋存在穹隆幔部的夕卡岩化大理岩内,矿化以铍、锡、钨为主,锡品位变化较大。锡石-石英脉型矿体受北东向张性断裂控制,矿化以锡、铍、钨为主,矿石品位相对较富。锡石-硫化物型矿体受大理岩内的层间滑脱构造控制,富锡,而铍、钨相对较贫。伟晶岩型矿体矿化为铍为主,伴生铷等。钻孔深部验证发现夕卡岩型矿体、锡石-硫化物型矿体、锡石-石英脉型矿体深部延伸较稳定。通过岩浆与铍锡多金属成矿作用的关系的研究,提出了祥林矿区两期次铍锡钨多金属矿成矿作用,分别与弱定向二云母花岗岩及白云母花岗岩两期次淡色花岗岩浆活动密切相关。在矿体特征研究和矿床类型总结的基础上,明确了下一步的找矿标志和方向。锡石-硫化物型铍锡多金属矿和锡石-石英脉型铍锡多金属矿铍、锡、钨品位相对较富,为今后主攻的矿床类型。     

Evolution in accessory mineral paragenesis,during metasomatic alteration of granites in eastern Transbaykalia massifs

This study is concerned with formation of minerals containing Li, Be, Cb, Ta, W, Bi, and other elements. The distribution of 35 accessory minerals was examined in biotite granite massifs occupying an area of 10 km² . These minerals formed during the late magmatic stage and mainly during the subsequent metasomatic processes, such as rnuscovitization, early albitization, greisenization, late albitization, and microclinization. Tantalum and columbium mineralization is associated with rocks intensely altered by the processes of alkaline metasomatism and reflects differentiation of rare earth's mineralization in marginal granite massifs. Minerals containing Be, W, Bi, Sn, and Mo were deposited during the acidic stage of metasomatism. The subsequent alkaline stage of metasomatism resulted in leaching of these elements and their redeposition outside the massif. The paper is of interest as a guide in prospecting for tantalum and columbium in granitic intrusions.--E. A. Alexandrov.     

栗木矿田深部新发现二云母花岗岩及其与上部白云母花岗岩的相变关系研究

在栗木矿田沟挂垒钻孔深部发现花岗岩体下部有厚度大于190m的二云母花岗岩,通过对二云母花岗岩以及上部白云母花岗岩的岩相学研究和分析对比,认为该区第二阶段的花岗岩上部为白云母花岗岩,在深部相变为二云母花岗岩,岩体中、上部的白云母花岗岩相主要是二云母花岗岩不同程度蚀变交代形成的,而不是岩浆就地重力分离结晶形成的,其蚀变程度相当于该区含矿花岗岩体矿化蚀变带下部的钾长石化带。无斑的白云母花岗岩相在钾长石化带中蚀变最强,最靠近主矿化蚀变带,有重要的找矿意义。各岩相的化学分析表明,W、Sn、Nb、Ta的矿化富集可能与岩浆气液分离作用或深部岩浆分异有关。     

Mineralogy and geochemistry of indium-bearing polymetallic veins in the Sarvlaxviken area,Lovisa, Finland

A number of polymetallic vein mineralizations of different styles and metal associations, including base, alloy, noble and critical metals, have been discovered around the Sarvlaxviken bay in the westernmost parts of the Mesoproterozoic Wiborg Batholith, south-eastern Finland. The veins occur in two rapakivi granite varieties: coarse-grained wiborgite; and medium-grained Marviken granite. The veins are divided into five groups based on the dominant metal associations.The Li–As–W–Zn–Mn, Pb–Zn and Cu–As–In associations are hosted by wiborgite, and are strongly controlled by a NNW-trending tectonic pattern that evolved in two main stages. The Li–As–W–Zn–Mn association (generation 1) formed in a typical greisen environment with Li-bearing mica in significant alteration halos around a narrow quartz vein. This greisenization was accompanied by silicification, followed by sericitization and chloritization. The Pb–Zn association occurs in a similar vein type but without typical high-temperature minerals and is considered to have formed at a higher crustal level. Generations 2a and 2b formed under more brittle conditions leading to fracturing, quartz veining and metal precipitation of ore minerals. This metal association is characterized by very high contents of Cu, As and up to 1490 ppm In but with ≤ 0.4% Zn, which leads to very high In/Zn ratios (up to 8400) enabling formation of abundant roquesite.The As–Sn–Cu and Mo–Bi–Be associations are hosted by alteration zones without hydrothermal quartz in the Marviken granite. Mineralization with moderately high contents of As, Sn and Cu is associated with greisenization while mineralization with spectacular contents of Be as well as high contents of Mo and Bi is associated with sericitization, chloritization and berylification.The internal age relations between the wiborgite-hosted, NNW-trending veins show a clear evolution from a typical greisen type environment (the Li–As–W–Zn–Mn and Pb–Zn associations of generation 1) to cooler and more brittle conditions governing quartz veining and precipitation of ore minerals belonging to the Cu–As–In association (generations 2a and 2b). The age relations between these wiborgite-hosted veins and the veins in the Marviken granite are more uncertain but the presence of a NS-trending granitic dyke on the eastern side of the Sarvlaxviken bay, with similar ore-fertile geochemical composition as the Marviken granite, indicates that the tectonically controlled veins formed simultaneously with the emplacement of the Marviken granite and associated hydrothermal activity.The polymetallic veins in the Sarvlaxviken bay are unique for the Fennoscandian Shield, not the least for the locally high indium grades and spectacular roquesite grains. There is an obvious exploration potential for similar veins (and hence a number of base, alloy, noble and critical metals) also elsewhere in the entire Wiborg Batholith.     

河南南部天目山岩体特征及其钼矿化

栾川-明港大断裂是华北板块与秦岭造山带的构造分界,其西部栾川一带形成了与花岗岩有关的南泥湖、上房等知名钼矿床。天目山岩体位于栾川-明港大断裂西段,具有富硅、富碱,稀土元素中轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损、3Eu负异常及微量元素（w、Sn、Bi、Mo、Be、Nb）含量高等特点,属利于成矿花岗岩。通过对岩体中钼矿物的研究,指出钼矿化的主要富集区及今后找矿的重点区域。     

南岭某些钨锡铍矿床中单个流体包裹体成分初步研究

使用激光拉曼光谱测定了南岭三个典型钨锡铍矿床的水晶、绿柱石、锡石和香花石中单个流体包裹体气、液相的成分,除H2O外,气、液相中均含有大量的CO2,烃类普遍存在,其中以丙烯最重要。南岭W—sn矿床成矿流体可能是花岗质岩浆在岩浆-热液过渡阶段不混溶的流体分离形成的。在成矿晚期,围岩热接触变质释放出的N2连同循环的大气水进入成矿流体。     

广西栗木锡-铌-钽矿床中氟的作用及地表找矿评价标志

广西栗木多金属矿从上到下除有长石石英脉型锡-钨矿床、花岗伟晶岩脉型锡-钽-铌矿床外,还有含锡、铌、钽花岗岩原生矿床。本次对矿区内的地层、岩体、矿体中氟含量进行了研究并结合实验资料,认为燕山早期复式花岗岩体中富含的氟是成矿元素W、Sn、Nb、Ta的重要携带剂,对W、Sn、Nb、Ta从岩浆熔体中分出、迁移、富集及矿化分带起了重要作用,氟虽是寻找盲矿体的重要远程指示元素之一,但氟不是成矿元素,含矿岩体地表岩石中通常除有F、Be强异常外,W、Sn、Cu、Li等元素还会形成强异常组合;含矿岩体地表萤石-云母细脉带中硼（F）-般〉30000×10^-5,W（Be）〉1000×10^-6,W（Sn）〉300×10^-6,ω（W＋Sn）〉400×10^-6,F／（W＋Sn）和F／Sn〈110;含矿岩体地表长石石英脉带中W（F）〉10000×10^-6,ω（W）〉80×10^-6,W（Sn）〉500×10^-6,F／（W＋Sn）和F／Sn〈50;不合矿岩体的地表岩石及细脉带中各指标含量则与之相反。     

湖南锡田云英岩-石英脉型钨锡矿的形成时代及其 赋矿花岗岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb 定年

[摘 要] 具超大型规模远景的湖南锡田钨锡多金属矿床是1999 年开始的新一轮国土资源大调查的重大发现之一。矿床产于锡田复式花岗岩体与碳酸盐岩接触带及岩体内部。矿床类型主要为矽卡岩型,其次为破碎带蚀变岩型和云英岩-石英脉型。采用石英流体包裹体Rb-Sr 法和锆石SHRIMP U-Pb法分别获得:云英岩-石英脉型钨锡矿形成年龄为153±12Ma(MSWD=0.80),其赋矿花岗岩形成年龄为147±3Ma(MSWD= 0.90),加权平均年龄为147郾0依3郾5 Ma(MSWD =0郾23),两者在误差范围内一致;并进一步证实,锡田钨锡多金属矿的主成矿期是燕山早期。     

Hydrosilicate liquids in the system rare-metal granite–Na<Subscript>2</Subscript>O–SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>–H<Subscript>2</Subscript>O as accumulators of ore components at high pressure and temperature

Experimental investigations in the system rare-metal granite–Na₂O–SiO₂–H₂O with the addition of aqueous solutions containing Rb, Cs, Sn, W, Mo, and Zn at 600°C and 1.5 kbar showed that the typical elements of rare-metal granites (Li, Rb, Cs, Be, Nb, and Ta) are preferentially concentrated in hydrosilicate liquids coexisting with aqueous fluid. The same behavior is characteristic of Zn and Sn, the minerals of which are usually formed under hydrothermal conditions. In contrast, Mo and W are weakly extracted by hydrosilicate liquids and almost equally distributed between them and aqueous fluids. Liquids similar to those described in this paper are formed during the final stages of magmatic crystallization in granite and granitepegmatite systems. The formation of hydrosilicate liquids in late magmatic and postmagmatic processes will be an important factor controlling the redistribution of metal components between residual magmatic melts, minerals, and aqueous fluids and, consequently, the mobility of these components in fluid-saturated magmatic systems enriched in rare metals.     

赣南盘古山钨矿隐伏花岗岩体岩石学与地球化学特征

著名的盘古山大型钨矿与深部隐伏花岗岩体具有密切成因关系,但因该岩体隐伏深,相关研究资料较为欠缺,很大程度上影响了对矿床岩浆-热液-成矿作用的深入认识。南岭科学钻探(SP-NLSD-2)揭露该岩体后,本文对其开展了岩石学和元素地球化学研究。结果表明,该岩体具有超酸性、富碱、贫钠富钾等特征,属于准铝-过铝质高钾钙碱性花岗岩。形成该岩体的花岗岩浆为高度分异演化的残浆,W、Bi等元素含量明显高于南岭燕山期花岗岩,为盘古山钨铋矿床的形成提供了丰富的矿质。岩浆演化至云英岩化阶段时,岩浆中的Mo、Bi、Cu、Pb及REE含量增加,而W、Sn含量则因已转移到岩浆期后热液而降低。岩体形成于板内伸展环境。