硬脂酸钠改性蒙脱石对水中亚甲基蓝的吸附性能研究

以阴离子表面活性剂硬脂酸钠为改性剂制备了硬脂酸钠改性蒙脱石(NaSTA-MMT).FI-IR和XRD分析表明插层剂已进入蒙脱石层间,且随着硬脂酸钠量的增加蒙脱石层间距从1.274 nm增加到4.805 nm。亚甲基蓝吸附实验表明,硬脂酸钠改性蒙脱石吸附行为遵循伪二级动力学方程。平衡吸附量与平衡质量浓度之间的关系符合Langmuir等温吸附方程所描述的规律。硬脂酸钠改性膨润吸附亚甲基蓝表现为自发的表面物理吸附过程,吸附活化能、吸附焓变和熵变分别为2.36 kJ/mol-、21.47 kJ/mol和-44.45 J/mol.K。     

Fe/Al交联改性膨润土(MB)对偶氮染料的脱色研究

以铁铝双金属离子低聚物为交联剂,制备了Fe/Al交联改性膨润土(MB),用于处理含偶氮染料的废水。通过改变吸附时间、pH和甲基橙废水浓度及掺加共存无机阴离子等因素,研究了MB对甲基橙的脱色效果。结果表明,改性后的膨润土吸附能力显著增强,对甲基橙有较好的吸附脱色性能。当材料用量0.0200 g,处理甲基橙废水20 mL,废水pH值小于4,处理时间2 h,甲基橙的脱色率可达95%。其吸附甲基橙的过程符合Fre-undlich等温吸附模式,对甲基橙的最大饱和吸附容量为384 mg/g。我国膨润土储量大、价格低,以Fe/Al交联剂为改性剂对天然膨润土进行了改性,得到的MB材料是一类很好的环境友好型吸附剂。     

埃洛石对阳离子型和阴离子型染料的吸附研究

为研究不同产地埃洛石对阴、阳离子型染料的吸附性能差异,以产自山西临汾、四川广元、湖北丹江口的天然管状埃洛石作为阳离子型染料亚甲基蓝,以及有机硅烷接枝改性的湖北埃洛石作为阴离子型染料酸性橙Ⅱ的吸附剂进行实验研究。结果表明,天然埃洛石带有负电荷,适合作为阳离子型染料亚甲基蓝的吸附剂,其最大吸附量约为90 mg/g,吸附符合准二级动力学模型。埃洛石的微结构(零电荷点pH、表面位密度、孔结构等)对其吸附性能产生直接制约作用。有机硅烷接枝改性将埃洛石表面电荷调控为正电荷,将其开发为阴离子型染料酸性橙Ⅱ的吸附剂(需调节溶液pH=2),其最大吸附量为80 mg/g。     

凹凸棒石对水中亚甲基蓝的吸附动力学研究

研究了凹凸棒石对水中亚甲基蓝的吸附动力学,在初始浓度为120~210mg/L、转速为100~200rpm、以及温度为298~328K的范围内,凹凸棒石对亚甲基蓝的吸附动力学数据均符合准二级速率方程。结果表明,凹凸棒石对亚甲基蓝的吸附仅发生在外表面,吸附表观活化能为13.92kJ/mol,说明此吸附并不是由单一的化学吸附为速率控制步骤,是由化学吸附和液膜扩散共同控制的吸附过程。凹凸棒石对水中亚甲基蓝的吸附动力学研究@彭书传$合肥工业大学资源与环境工程学院!230009 @王诗生$合肥工业大学资源与环境工程学院!230009 @陈天虎$合肥工业大学资源与环境…     

载铜蒙脱石吸附亚甲基蓝的试验研究

采用离子交换法制得载铜蒙脱石,研究蒙脱石和载铜蒙脱石对亚甲基蓝（MB）的吸附性能,结果表明载铜蒙脱石的吸附能力低于蒙脱石。温度、介质pH值和离子强度对吸附剂的吸附性能有不同程度的影响;蒙脱石和载铜蒙脱石吸附MB等温线较好地符合BET和Langmuir等温方程,其吸附过程均为热力学自发过程。     

镍钛改性膨润土对铬的吸附性能研究

以钠基膨润土为原料,制备镍钛交联改性膨润土、镍钛有机复合改性膨润土,并应用于含铬模拟废水的处理。探讨了改性膨润土的用量、pH值、吸附时间等最佳使用条件,比较了原土、交联改性土、有机复合改性土对铬的吸附效果。结果表明改性土的吸附效果明显优于原土,在最佳实验条件下,交联改性土、有机复合改性土对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率分别达到了87%和96%。两种改性土对铬吸附行为均符合Langmuir吸附等温方程,饱和吸附量和Lang-muir常数分别为3.1827mg/g、8.5543mg/g和3.5007、1.2738。     

Fe-SDS-柱撑蒙脱石制备与吸附镉的实验研究

以天然的钙基蒙脱石为基质,在超声波处理的条件下制备了新型的十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)-铁复合柱撑蒙脱石,并采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FT-IR)和热重(TGA)对其进行表征.研究了镉在复合柱撑蒙脱石上的吸附特性,从动力学角度探讨了吸附机理.结果表明,吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程,化学吸附控制了吸附过程的速度,且平衡吸附量qe与平衡浓度ρe之间的关系符合Langmuir等温方程.     

锌氧化物改性沸石对腐植酸的吸附机理

将锌氧化物负载在沸石分子筛上制备锌氧化物改性沸石吸附材料。通过XRD、SEM、BET、Zeta电位仪和Raman光谱等分析表征手段研究锌氧化物在沸石中的分散状态和表面带电性。通过动力学和热力学研究,探讨该改性吸附材料对腐植酸的吸附机理;并在相同条件下,与商品活性炭进行腐植酸吸附对比试验。研究结果表明:(1)在21±1℃,锌氧化物改性沸石对腐植酸的最大饱和吸附量达到60 mg/g;(2)锌氧化物改性沸石对腐植酸的吸附符合准二级动力学方程和Freundlich等温吸附模型;(3)锌氧化物改性沸石对腐植酸的吸附性能远高于商品活性炭。     

坡缕石粘土对有机染料的吸附热力学研究

将甘肃靖远坡缕石粘土分离提纯,通过静态吸附实验,研究了坡缕石对水中有机染料亚甲基蓝、结晶紫和苯胺蓝的吸附等温线,探讨了吸附热力学特征.实验结果显示,在实验温度范围内3种染料在坡缕石上的吸附在30 min可达平衡,吸附等温线均能较好符合Langmuir模型,饱和吸附量大小顺序为:结晶紫＞亚甲基蓝＞苯胺蓝;吸附均为吸热过程,亚甲基蓝、结晶紫和苯胺蓝的吸附焓分别为15.52、9.26和2.59 kJ/mol;吸附Gibbs函数约为-35～-30 kJ/mol,吸附熵均大于零,吸附是自发过程.     

不同类型烷基铵在蒙脱石中的吸附动力学特性

蒙脱石/烷基铵改性产物是一种重要的高附加值矿物材料,蒙脱石对烷基铵的吸附特性决定所制备的改性产物在各类溶剂体系中的凝胶性能和应用特性。本文以两种层电荷不同的膨润土为原料,在提纯、钠化的基础上,系统研究了80℃恒温条件下十八烷基三甲基铵(OTAC)、十六烷基三甲基铵(CTAC)及十四烷基三甲基铵(TTAC)在两种蒙脱石上的吸附动力学特性。研究结果表明:80℃的恒温条件下,烷基铵插层剂的浓度对等温吸附进程影响显著。当三种烷基铵用量较低(1.0CEC)时,在5min左右就可以达到饱和吸附;当烷基铵用量较高(2.0CEC)时,在30min~60min可以达到饱和吸附;两种蒙脱石对三种烷基铵吸附动力学数据均符合准二级反应动力学方程,相应三种烷基铵在两种蒙脱石中平衡吸附量的实验值和计算值qe基本相等;交换液中烷基铵浓度高低对吸附反应的速率常数影响显著,烷基铵在低用量(1.0CEC)下在蒙脱石中的吸附反应速率常数明显高于其在较高用量(2.0CEC)下的吸附反应常数;烷基铵在高层电荷Na-HLCM中的吸附反应速率常数总体上较低层电荷Na-HLCM的略高。     

冲积和湖积成因土壤Cd的吸附特征:以安徽省当涂县为例

为揭示冲积与湖积成因土壤镉的吸附特征,以安徽省当涂县冲积成因的江心洲和冲积、湖积成因的大陇乡根际土壤为研究对象,开展土壤镉的等温吸附实验和吸附动力学实验.等温吸附实验结果表明,冲积土壤镉的吸附量（S）、等温吸附常数（K）和固液分配系数（K_d）均较湖积土壤明显偏大,显示冲积土壤对镉的吸附能力较湖积土壤强;吸附动力学实验表明,冲积土壤的最大吸附量、平衡吸附量均较湖积土壤大,吸附速率也明显偏大,尤其在吸附实验早期更为显著;等温吸附常数K和平衡吸附速率V_b与土壤理化性质的分析表明,土壤pH是造成研究区土壤镉吸附能力差异的主要原因,其次为物理性粘粒含量;土壤pH是影响研究区冲积土壤镉吸附能力的主要因素;湖积土壤镉的吸附能力受土壤pH、有机质含量、Cd含量、物理性粘粒含量等因素的综合影响.研究对于揭示Cd在水土系统的迁移转化规律以及土壤Cd的污染防治具有重要的指导意义.      

Adsorption Behavior of Hexavalent Chromium in Vadose Zone

Adsorption behavior of Cr (VI) in vadose zone, which is silty clay and clayey soil, was studied through kinetics experiments, isothermal adsorption experiments under various conditions, including different ph, temperature and organic contents. The results from kinetics experiments showed that the sorption progress of Cr (VI) has clear features in different stages, and adsorption equilibrium showed at 30 min, the adsorption rate of silty clay and clayey soil were 60%. The isothermal adsorption curve of Cr (VI) fitted closely with Freundlich equation model. When pH is 3-5 a plateau were seen, thereafter with increase in pH the adsorption rate of Cr (VI) dropped sharply and the minimum achieved at pH 10, the adsorption rate were only 35%. Adsorption rate of Cr (VI) increased gradually with the increase of temperature, the temperature of vadose zone is 14.7 ℃, according to the experimental results, the adsorption rate of Cr (VI) is about 40%. The use of organics represents an important contribution to the sorption of Cr (VI), sorption rate up to 100% when 30% of organic content. These studies will provide basis for manager to minimize the impacts, and provide basic data for pollution prevention and remediation of vadose zone.     

微塑料对水中甲基橙的吸附特征分析

以甲基橙(MO)为目标污染物,微塑料为载体,通过吸附动力学和等温吸附实验,比较通用塑料聚丙烯(PP)、通用工程塑料尼龙(PA)、聚甲醛(POM)和特种工程塑料聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)4种典型材质吸附MO的能力,并采用扫描电镜(SEM)、比表面积测试(BET)、显微拉曼光谱(Raman)、Zeta电位及傅立叶变换全反射衰减红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)技术手段对吸附前后PA进行表征,考察微塑料材质和PA粒径对MO吸附的影响,从而探究其可能存在的吸附机理。结果表明不同材质微塑料对MO的吸附能力具有明显差异性。其中,PA对MO的吸附量最大,可达7.39 mg/g,PA吸附MO的动力学过程包括起始的快速反应阶段和随后的慢速反应阶段,吸附过程符合二级动力学方程;等温吸附实验结果表明MO在PA上属于非均质化学吸附。静电作用及氢键的形成是造成不同材质微塑料吸附能力差异的主要原因,微塑料粒径大小与其对MO的吸附量呈显著负相关关系(R2=0.995, P<0.05),这与微塑料可提供的有效吸附位点息息相关。本研究可以为科学评价微塑料复杂的环境行为以及作为载体协同迁移污染物的能力提供依据。     

电容去离子化去除地下水中镉的影响因素

以高比表面积活性炭作为吸附剂制备电容电极,研究电容去离子化（CDI）对地下水中镉的吸附性能。分别探讨了镉初始质量浓度、体系供电电压、地下水中常见阳离子种类对CDI去除镉的影响。结果表明,CDI吸附镉符合准二级吸附动力学、满足Langmuir等温吸附方程,CDI对镉的吸附为单分子层吸附。吸附量随镉初始质量浓度的升高而增加;在低质量浓度时,较高的供电电压会提高初始阶段的吸附速率,但对电极的最终吸附量无显著影响;地下水中主要阳离子的存在增加了体系的电导率,从而促进了CDI对镉的吸附,提高了镉的吸附速率和去除率。     

Study on Migration and Transformation Rule of Organic Pollutants （COD） in Aerated Zone

Collecting waste water with a certain concentration of organic pollutants COD (chemical oxygen demand), static adsorption, static biodegradation and dynamic soil column experiments were made in laboratory,we researched migration and transformation of COD in aerated zone. and put for-ward a mathematical model showing the process.The results show that adsorption of organism in aerated zone is linear,which is erprsented by henry‘s law s=Kdc sd, adsorption coefficient Kd=0.0693; biodegradation diagram accord basically with first-order kinetics equation c=coe^-k1t, biodegradation co-efficient K1=0.0499d^-1; dispersion coefficient D=0.0042m^2/d in experiments. The migration and transformation of organic pollutants (COD) in aerated zone jointly result from many factors such as dispersion, adsorption and biodegradation etc..     

Low-cost biochar derived from herbal residue: characterization and application for ciprofloxacin adsorption

Thermally carbonization biochar produced from a traditional Chinese herbal medicine waste (Astragalus mongholicus residue) was investigated for its performance in ciprofloxacin adsorption. Batch sorption experiments were conducted, and scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analyses were employed to characterize the biochar. The results demonstrated that thermal activation process improves the adsorbent characteristics. Biochar produced at 800 °C had the best adsorption capacity, a better pore structure and the largest surface areas. The adsorption process fit well to a pseudo-second-order kinetics model. The adsorption isothermal model results revealed that the adsorption process of ciprofloxacin is described better by the Freundlich isotherm and the type of adsorption is a chemical process. The maximum adsorption of ciprofloxacin occurred at pH 7. The present research demonstrated that A. mongholicus biochar might be an attractive and cost-effective adsorbent with good adsorption performance for removing ciprofloxacin from water solution.     

超临界状态下煤岩吸附/解吸二氧化碳的实验

查明超临界状态下煤岩对CO₂的吸附/解吸特征,能为煤层气开采现场注CO₂的注入参数选取提供理论依据。以山西屯留矿的瘦煤和寺河矿的无烟煤为研究对象,借助ISO-300型等温吸附实验仪分别进行了不同温度(35℃、45℃、55℃)、最高压力达到CO₂临界压力以上时的吸附/解吸实验。结果表明:超临界状态下,随着压力升高,容量法测得的吸附量存在最大值,不代表煤样的绝对吸附量,而是Gibbs吸附量;根据煤岩在高压下吸附CO₂的本质,计算出超临界状态下煤岩吸附/解吸CO₂的真实量。超临界状态下煤岩吸附CO₂的真实量与压力之间符合langmuir吸附曲线,随着吸附压力的升高,Gibbs吸附量与绝对吸附量之间的差值越来越大;随着温度的升高,煤样的饱和吸附量降低;同样条件下,高变质程度的无烟煤对CO₂的饱和吸附量大于瘦煤;超临界状态下煤样对CO₂的绝对吸附等温线和绝对解吸等温线是可逆的。      

页岩中气体的超临界等温吸附研究

页岩气等温吸附实验多为临界温度以上的吸附实验,其得到的吸附量为过剩吸附量。为了研究页岩气超临界等温吸附机理,运用重力法,在临界温度以上,分别进行了甲烷和二氧化碳在页岩中的高压等温吸附实验。在分析经典型吸附和超临界吸附区别的基础上,通过修改的超临界等温吸附模型(Langmuir方程和微孔充填(Dubinin Radushkevich,D-R))对实验数据进行了拟合。结果表明:简单的Langmuir方程可近似拟合甲烷吸附实验数据,但精度不高,且无法拟合二氧化碳的吸附数据;将吸附相密度作为可优化参数,修改的微孔充填模型和Langmuir模型能很好地拟合甲烷和二氧化碳的吸附数据,其中修改的微孔充填模型拟合效果最好,且回归得到的超临界甲烷吸附相密度同文献报道的一致,表明吸附气可能以微孔充填的形式存在。      

Controls on roxarsone transport in agricultural watersheds

The use of the organoarsenical roxarsone, added to poultry feed to increase weight gain, results in elevated As concentrations (10–50 mg/kg) in poultry litter. This litter is used extensively as fertilizer in agricultural regions. The authors investigated the sources and sinks of As within the vadose zone of an agricultural watershed in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, USA, an area of intense poultry production. Batch experiments were constructed to examine adsorption and biotransformation characteristics of roxarsone within the Ap and Bt soil horizons of Frederick series soils, common in the Shenandoah Valley. Roxarsone exhibits weak adsorption to the Ap soils; however, it is rapidly biotransformed to As(V) in this soil horizon. Although the Bt horizon demonstrated strong adsorption of roxarsone and thus may act as a sink for As species, soil water data collected from lysimeters at an agricultural field site suggest that As, as As(V), is mobile in the Bt soil water. It is unclear if this mobilization is due to competitive reactions with phosphate or organic acids, also present in litter. These results have implications for As cycling within poultry-dominated watersheds. For watersheds that have experienced years of litter application, As and other litter-associated species will be attenuated in soils through adsorption to mineral surfaces, but a variety of geochemical processes, such as competitive adsorption, may allow for enhanced transport of As through the vadose zone and into aquifer systems.     

In situ methods for studying adsorbed phases at the solid/liquid interface: microcalorimetry and ellipsometryLes méthodes d'étude in situ des phases adsorbées : microcalorimétrie et ellipsométrie

The applications of calorimetric and ellipsometric methods to the understanding of adsorption phenomena occurring at the solid–liquid interface are presented with examples in the field of surfactant adsorption. The various experimental approaches are presented and compared, i.e., immersion calorimetry, titration calorimetry and liquid flow calorimetry. It is shown how they can be used to follow, in situ, the building steps of the surfactant adsorbed layer. On the other hand, ellipsometry allows the adsorption isotherm, the adsorption kinetics as well as the thickness of the adsorbed layer to be determined on well-defined flat surfaces. To cite this article: R. Denoyel, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 689–702.