坡缕石吸附水中阳离子桃红FG染料的热力学研究

研究了纯坡缕石对水中阳离子桃红FG染料的吸附热力学及其机理。结果表明：在298．328K和实验浓度范围内,纯坡缕石对水中阳离子桃红FG染料的吸附是吸热过程,吸附等温线符合Langmuir方程。根据热力学函数关系计算出坡缕石对阳离子桃红FG的吸附焓变为0．49kJ／mol,吉布斯吸附自由能改变量为-27．48-30．29kJ／mol,吸附自由能的变小是阳离子桃红FG染料在纯坡缕石上吸附的推动力,吸附熵变为93．85J／rnolK。     

硬脂酸钠改性蒙脱石对水中亚甲基蓝的吸附性能研究

以阴离子表面活性剂硬脂酸钠为改性剂制备了硬脂酸钠改性蒙脱石(NaSTA-MMT).FI-IR和XRD分析表明插层剂已进入蒙脱石层间,且随着硬脂酸钠量的增加蒙脱石层间距从1.274 nm增加到4.805 nm。亚甲基蓝吸附实验表明,硬脂酸钠改性蒙脱石吸附行为遵循伪二级动力学方程。平衡吸附量与平衡质量浓度之间的关系符合Langmuir等温吸附方程所描述的规律。硬脂酸钠改性膨润吸附亚甲基蓝表现为自发的表面物理吸附过程,吸附活化能、吸附焓变和熵变分别为2.36 kJ/mol-、21.47 kJ/mol和-44.45 J/mol.K。     

铁氧化物改性坡缕石粘土对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能

以铁氧化物对坡缕石粘土进行包覆改性,通过静态吸附实验研究了改性坡缕石吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的特性,探讨了吸附的动力学特征、吸附平衡、热力学参数和吸附机理。结果显示,改性坡缕石对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附随溶液初始pH值的升高显著减弱,在初始pH值为4.0时,吸附90 min可达平衡,吸附过程能较好地符合pseudo-second-order动力学方程,速率常数k₂随温度的升高增大,表观活化能为18.90 kJ/mol;吸附平衡能较好地符合Langmuir方程,吸附过程吸热,ΔH为28.29 kJ/mol,ΔG为-25～-20 kJ/mol,是物理吸附和化学吸附并存的过程。     

碱性溶液中坡缕石水解作用动力学实验研究

对安徽官山地区沉积型、热液型坡缕石进行碱性溶液中水解作用的动力学实验研究.结果表明:沉积型坡缕石较热液型更耐碱,且两种坡缕石均存在明显的差异溶解现象,即四面体硅的溶解速率要略大于八面体铝阳离子的溶解速率.碱溶液中沉积型、热液型坡缕石水解动力学均适宜采用圆柱体扩散控制模型模拟,其浸出率x对反应时间t的关系可表示为(1-x)+xlnx=kt.在实验条件下沉积型坡缕石水解过程中,Al3+和Si4+反应表观活化能分别为18.16 kJ/mol和18.53 kJ/mol.热液型坡缕石水解过程中,Al3+和Si4+反应表观活化能分别为31.2 kJ/mol和32.95 kJ/mol.     

凹凸棒石对水中亚甲基蓝的吸附动力学研究

研究了凹凸棒石对水中亚甲基蓝的吸附动力学,在初始浓度为120~210mg/L、转速为100~200rpm、以及温度为298~328K的范围内,凹凸棒石对亚甲基蓝的吸附动力学数据均符合准二级速率方程。结果表明,凹凸棒石对亚甲基蓝的吸附仅发生在外表面,吸附表观活化能为13.92kJ/mol,说明此吸附并不是由单一的化学吸附为速率控制步骤,是由化学吸附和液膜扩散共同控制的吸附过程。凹凸棒石对水中亚甲基蓝的吸附动力学研究@彭书传$合肥工业大学资源与环境工程学院!230009 @王诗生$合肥工业大学资源与环境工程学院!230009 @陈天虎$合肥工业大学资源与环境…     

铁盐改性高岭土吸附结晶紫的研究

研究了高岭土的改性方法及最佳改性土对染料结晶紫的吸附性能,选择焙烧温度200℃,硫酸铁含量为2%,焙烧时间2 h,探讨了振荡时间、吸附剂投加量等因素对吸附的影响。实验结果表明,在30℃下改性高岭土对结晶紫吸附平衡时间为60 min,对150 mg/L结晶紫饱和吸附容量为17.32 mg/g;改性高岭土对结晶紫的吸附等温线与Langmuir型拟合较好,吸附动力学模式符合伪二级动力学方程。     

坡缕石对直接耐酸大红4BS的吸附动力学特征

研究了坡缕石对水中直接耐酸大红4BS的吸附动力学,在初始质量浓度为30~50 mg/L,转速为100~200 r/min,以及温度为303~348 K的范围内,坡缕石对直接耐酸大红4BS的吸附动力学数据均符合准二级速率方程。结果表明,坡缕石对直接耐酸大红4BS的吸附是外表面吸附,吸附表观活化能为11.92 kJ/mol,说明此吸附是由液膜扩散控制的物理吸附过程。     

坡缕石/氧化铝复合材料对磷的吸附动力学和热力学

以坡缕石粘土为原料,通过溶胶-凝胶法制备坡缕石/氧化铝复合材料,通过静态吸附实验研究了复合材料吸附水中磷的动力学特征、吸附平衡和热力学参数,探讨了吸附机理。结果表明,复合材料对磷有较好的吸附作用,吸附过程能较好地符合准二级动力学方程,吸附速率常数随初始浓度的增大而减小,随温度的升高有所增大;吸附平衡能较好地符合Langmuir方程和D-R方程,吸附过程吸热,ΔG为-25~-21 kJ/mol,是物理吸附和化学吸附并存的过程。     

坡缕石粘土对Cu2+的吸附热力学

将坡缕石粘土分离提纯后作为吸附剂,通过对水中Cu2+的静态吸附实验,考察了时间及介质pH值对吸附效果的影响,并对吸附平衡和吸附热力学特征进行了探讨。结果表明:在实验条件下坡缕石粘土对水中的Cu2+离子具有较强的吸附作用,吸附平衡时间约为60 min,pH值对吸附效果有显著的影响,吸附量随pH值的升高而增加,当平衡溶液pH>7时吸附率超过99%;吸附平衡与Langmuir方程的符合程度优于D-R方程和Freundlich方程,由Langmuir方程拟合饱和吸附量为33.0～34.0 mg/g,由D-R方程得平均吸附能Es为13 kJ/mol,吸附过程为离子交换反应;吸附过程吸热,吸附焓为16.97 kJ/mol,吸附Gibbs函数在-27～-24 kJ/mol之间,吸附熵大于零,吸附过程可自发进行。     

有机坡缕石黏土对活性染料的吸附性能

由阴、阳离子表面活性剂对坡缕石黏土改性,通过静态吸附实验研究了有机坡缕石黏土对活性红的吸附性能,探讨了吸附平衡和吸附机理。结果表明,表面活性剂改性可增强坡缕石黏土表面的疏水性,影响ζ电位,适当配比的阴阳离子表面活性剂改性坡缕石黏土对活性红有协同吸附作用,吸附等温线呈非线性,符合Langmuir方程和Freundlich方程,ΔH为-12.23 k J/mol,吸附不存在强化学作用,是分配作用和氢键力、偶极间力及范德华力等多种作用的结果。     

坡缕石黏土负载铁锰复合氧化物吸附磷的性能

以氧化还原共沉淀的方法将铁锰复合氧化物负载于坡缕石黏土表面,制备负载型吸附剂,由静态吸附实验研究了吸附剂对磷的吸附性能,探讨了吸附的动力学特征、热力学参数和吸附机理。结果显示,吸附剂对磷的吸附受溶液初始pH值、吸附时间及温度的影响,在中性条件下吸附平衡时间为90 min,pseudo-second-order吸附动力学方程能较好描述吸附过程,吸附表观活化能为11.76 k J/mol;吸附等温线与Freundlich方程的拟合结果略优于Langmuir方程,由Langmuir方程得到最大吸附量为26~31 mg/g。吸附焓变为9.29 k J/mol,吸附熵变为正值,自由能变为-4.3~-5.8 k J/mol,吸附作用有多层不均匀吸附的性质,同时包含物理作用和化学作用,但不属强的化学键作用。     

Adsorption Kinetics of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions onto Palygorskite

The adsorption kinetics of methylene blue from aqueous solutions on purified palygorskite was investigated. The kinetics data related to the adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solutions are in good agreement with the pseudo-second order equation in ranges of initial concentration of 120-210 mg/L, oscillation speed of 100-200 r/min and temperature of 298-328K. The experimental results show that methylene blue is only adsorbed onto the external surface of purified palygorskite, and the apparent adsorption activation energy is 13.92 kJ/mol. The relatively low apparent adsorption activation energy suggests that the adsorption of methylene blue involves in not only a chemical, but also a physical adsorption process, and it is controlled by the combination of chemical adsorption and liquid-film diffusion.     

海泡石对有机染料的吸附行为研究

以热酸活化过的海泡石为吸附剂，研究其对亚甲基蓝、结晶紫和甲基绿3种染料的吸附动力学过程，并分析了浓度、温度等因素对海泡石吸附效果的影响。结果表明，温度的变化对吸附的影响较小，而染料溶液浓度的改变则会对吸附产生很大的影响，由此确定出较适合的反应条件。采用傅立叶红外光谱技术对吸附前后海泡石的结构进行了分析，发现亚甲基蓝由于分子体积较小可以进入海泡石内部通道，而大体积的结晶紫和甲基绿的吸附主要发生在海泡石外表面，且一价有机阳离子会在中性位置发生吸附，形成带电或中性复合物。     

Adsorption capacity and mineralogical and physico-chemical characteristics of Shuwaymiyah palygorskite (Oman)

In this paper, Shuwaymiyah palygorskite in the Sultanate of Oman has been characterized mineralogically by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron microscopy, chemically by oxide compositions, structural formulae, and cation exchange capacity (CEC), and physically by specific surface area and adsorption isotherms. Batch adsorption studies were performed to evaluate the adsorption performance of methylene blue (MB) basic dye on the local clay mineral. The quantitative XRD analysis indicates that the purity of some selected samples of palygorskite clay is very high (about 70% of the clay minerals are palygorskite and 30% kaolinite). The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images clearly support this conclusion. The adsorption equilibrium revealed that Shuwaymiyah palygorskite clay can uptake up to 51 mg of MB per 1 g mass of clay. MB adsorption is best fitted by Langmuir isotherm, and a pseudo-second-order kinetic model can be efficiently used to predict the kinetic of adsorption of MB by the palygorskite. The results obtained from these laboratory-scale adsorption tests indicate the promising adsorption capability of the Omani palygorskite.     

Adsorption of a cationic dye (methylene blue) by Iranian natural clays from aqueous solutions: equilibrium,kinetic and thermodynamic study

Removal of dyes by low-cost adsorbents is an effective method in wastewater treatment. Iranian natural clays were determined to be effective adsorbents for removal of a basic dye (methylene blue) from aqueous solutions in batch processes. Characterizations of the clays were carried out by X-ray diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis and field-emission scanning electron microscopy. Effects of the operational parameters such as adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, solution pH and temperature were investigated on the adsorption performance. Adsorption isotherms like Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin were used to analyze the adsorption equilibrium data and Langmuir isotherm was the best fit. Adsorption kinetics was investigated by pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion models and the results showed that the adsorption system conforms well to the pseudo-second-order model. The thermodynamic parameters of adsorption (ΔS°, ΔH° and ΔG°) were obtained and showed that the adsorption processes were exothermic.     

Removal of dyes by adsorption on magnetically modified activated sludge

The ability of magnetically modified activated sludge affected by thermal treatment to remove water-soluble organic dyes was examined. Twelve different dyes were tested. Based on the results of the initial sorption study, four dyes (namely aniline blue, Nile blue, Bismarck brown Y and safranin O) were chosen for further experiments due to their promising binding onto magnetic activated sludge. Significant factors influencing adsorption efficiency such as dependence of contact time, initial pH or temperature were studied in detail. The adsorption process was very fast; more than 88 % of dye content (55 mg/L) was adsorbed within 15 min under experimental conditions used. The equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed by Freundlich, Langmuir and Sips adsorption isotherm models, and the fitting of each isotherm model to experimental data was assessed on the basis of error functions. The maximum adsorption capacities of magnetic activated sludge were 768.2, 246.9, 515.1 and 326.8 mg/g for aniline blue, Bismarck brown Y, Nile blue and safranin O, respectively. The kinetic studies indicated that adsorption of all selected dyes could be well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the thermodynamic data suggested the spontaneous and endothermic process.     

载铜蒙脱石吸附亚甲基蓝的试验研究

采用离子交换法制得载铜蒙脱石,研究蒙脱石和载铜蒙脱石对亚甲基蓝（MB）的吸附性能,结果表明载铜蒙脱石的吸附能力低于蒙脱石。温度、介质pH值和离子强度对吸附剂的吸附性能有不同程度的影响;蒙脱石和载铜蒙脱石吸附MB等温线较好地符合BET和Langmuir等温方程,其吸附过程均为热力学自发过程。     

Preparation of magnetic microgels for catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol and removal of methylene blue from aqueous medium

This work describes the synthesis of poly(acrylic acid) microgels and fabrication of magnetic cobalt nanoparticles in the prepared microgels. Cobalt nanoparticles were fabricated by loading the cobalt (II) ions in microgels from aqueous solution and their subsequent reduction with sodium borohydride (NaBH₄). Bare and composite microgels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The catalytic properties of the prepared microgel composites were investigated by using them as catalyst for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol and methylene blue. The effect of temperature and catalyst dose on the rate of reduction of these toxic pollutants was investigated. The reusability of prepared catalysts was also studied for the five consecutive cycles, and an increase in catalytic activity was observed after every cycle. The prepared bare and magnetic microgels were found as very effective adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue from aqueous medium. Very rapid adsorption rate was found for the removal of methylene as its 100 mg was adsorbed on per gram of dried hydrogels in about 25 min. The effects of different parameters like amount of adsorbate and concentration of adsorbent on the adsorption process were studied. Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin adsorption isotherms were applied, and it was found that adsorption of MB follows Freundlich model better than others. Furthermore, pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models were also applied and adsorption of MB was found to abide by pseudo-second-order kinetics.