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为获取渤海最新的健康状况,文章基于新构建的以海洋生态环境自身状态为内核、以人类社会经济学指标为外核的“双核”评价体系,对渤海2020年秋季的海洋健康状况进行综合评价。内核评价结果显示,2020年秋季渤海的水体环境和沉积环境整体较为健康,仅中心区域水质略差,而海洋生物群落的健康状况一般,整个研究区域仅58.9%的区域评级为“优”,因此该海域总的内核评级为“良”;以分别代表海洋第一、二、三产业的海洋渔业、海洋油气业和海洋交通运输业作为外核指标的评价结果显示,渤海的外核得分为0.95。因此,所调查的渤海中西部海域海洋生态环境健康状况的“双核”评价结果为“良+0.95”,表明该区域的海洋生态环境目前整体上处于较健康的状态,但人类对渤海海洋资源环境的开发力度接近饱和,且局部海区的生态环境健康状况已经出现了恶化,需要对该海区进行密切监测。建议通过优化产业结构和提升开发技术等方式,尽可能降低经济开发活动对海洋生态环境的影响,以实现渤海海洋资源环境的可持续利用。 相似文献
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最近,由国家科委、中科院、海洋局、地震局、地矿部等部门的专家组成的国家高技术研究计划海洋领域专家组,到中国海洋石油南海西部公司考察了南海西部海域的石油天然气勘探开发情况和科研工作情况.据悉,我国从今年开始,将启动海洋高技术计划.该计划的重点领域是海洋探测、海洋生物和海洋油气勘探开发等三个领域.与此同时,国家还将实施科技兴海计划.根据“中国海洋开发规划”部署,在今后5年至匕年里,海洋油气勘探开发、海洋运输、海洋渔业。滨海旅游业等将成为海洋开发的支柱.重点开发的油气、水产、港口、海水、旅游五大资源,… 相似文献
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随着人们对海洋资源环境重要性认知程度的加深,海洋环境影响评价和资源环境修复成为提高海洋资源开发利用价值、维护海洋生态与环境功能的重要方式。通过从海洋工程项目的环境问题诊断、海洋环境影响评价关键内容、海洋生态修复技术方法及效果等方面系统分析了近年来国内外海洋环评和生态修复研究进展,并对近年来我国海洋环评和修复工程实践中存在的问题和未来发展需求进行了分析,提出未来海洋环评和修复研究应重点注重和聚焦以下方面:1)海洋环境影响评价中的环境基线、监测技术、全球性影响及生态服务等方面的问题;2)海洋环境保护与生态修复思路的转变,包括修复目标、修复模式、评估指标、监管技术及资金来源等方面的转变。 相似文献
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相比陆上油气开发工程和其他海洋工程而言,海洋油气开发工程有其自身的特点,海洋油气开发工程环境影响评价应关注的内容与其他工程有所不同。文章通过分析海洋油气开发工程的特点以及对环境影响的特点,提出海洋油气开发工程环境影响评价要点,即包括施工期悬浮泥沙及钻井液钻屑排放对海洋生态环境的影响、运营期含油生产水排放对海洋生态环境的影响、工程建设对海洋环境敏感目标的影响、溢油事故环境风险分析、污染防治及生态保护措施,并针对目前海洋油气开发工程环境影响评价存在的问题提出改进建议。 相似文献
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最近,国务院发布了《全国海洋经济发展规划纲要》(以下简称《规划》)。这是我国制定的第一个指导全国海洋经济发展的宏伟蓝图和纲领性文件,是党中央、国务院贯彻落实十六大提出的“实施海洋开发”战略部署的重大举措。《规划》确定了海洋经济发展的战略目标、海洋区域开发原则和海洋产业布局,以及相关支持领域的发展方向和重要措施。贯彻和实施好《规划》,将有力推动海洋经济的发展步伐,使我国逐步成为海运强国、船舶工业强国、海盐生产大国、海洋旅游大国和海洋油气资源开发大国,并最终成为海洋强国,为全面建设小康社会,促进中华民族的伟大… 相似文献
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探讨了壳寡糖及全乙酰壳寡糖的制备方法,通过正交实验考察了原料、温度、时间对降解产物的影响.制备了八种寡糖(八乙酰壳二糖、十一乙酰壳三糖、十四乙酰壳四糖和十七乙酰壳五糖,以及N,N′-二乙酰壳二糖、N,N′,N″-三乙酰壳三糖、N,N′,N″,N′′′四乙酰壳四糖和N,N′,N″,N′′′,N′′′′-五乙酰壳五糖),并通过IR、NMR及MS等确定了其化学结构. 相似文献
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Coastal and estuarine habitat mapping, using LIDAR height and intensity and multi-spectral imagery 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
Guillem Chust Ibon Galparsoro ngel Borja Javier Franco Adolfo Uriarte 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008,78(4):633-643
The airborne laser scanning LIDAR (LIght Detection And Ranging) provides high-resolution Digital Terrain Models (DTM) that have been applied recently to the characterization, quantification and monitoring of coastal environments. This study assesses the contribution of LIDAR altimetry and intensity data, topographically-derived features (slope and aspect), and multi-spectral imagery (three visible and a near-infrared band), to map coastal habitats in the Bidasoa estuary and its adjacent coastal area (Basque Country, northern Spain). The performance of high-resolution data sources was individually and jointly tested, with the maximum likelihood algorithm classifier in a rocky shore and a wetland zone; thus, including some of the most extended Cantabrian Sea littoral habitats, within the Bay of Biscay. The results show that reliability of coastal habitat classification was more enhanced with LIDAR-based DTM, compared with the other data sources: slope, aspect, intensity or near-infrared band. The addition of the DTM, to the three visible bands, produced gains of between 10% and 27% in the agreement measures, between the mapped and validation data (i.e. mean producer's and user's accuracy) for the two test sites. Raw LIDAR intensity images are only of limited value here, since they appeared heterogeneous and speckled. However, the enhanced Lee smoothing filter, applied to the LIDAR intensity, improved the overall accuracy measurements of the habitat classification, especially in the wetland zone; here, there were gains up to 7.9% in mean producer's and 11.6% in mean user's accuracy. This suggests that LIDAR can be useful for habitat mapping, when few data sources are available. The synergy between the LIDAR data, with multi-spectral bands, produced high accurate classifications (mean producer's accuracy: 92% for the 16 rocky habitats and 88% for the 11 wetland habitats). Fusion of the data enabled discrimination of intertidal communities, such as Corallina elongata, barnacles (Chthamalus spp.), and stands of Spartina alterniflora and Phragmites australis, which presented misclassification when conventional visible bands were used alone. All of these results were corroborated by the kappa coefficient of agreement. The high classification accuracy found here, selecting data sources, highlights the value of integrating LIDAR data with multi-spectral imagery for habitat mapping in the intertidal complex fringe. 相似文献
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