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影响SO2和NOx气相化学转化率的敏感因子分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
在一个已建立的简化的气相化学模式基础上,本文估算了SO2和NOX的气相化学转化率,进一步研究了影响转化率的敏感因子。结果表明:在典型的大气污染状况和晴天无云的条件下,白天SO2和NOX的平均转化率分别为1.5%/h和13.8/h,大气温度,太阳高度,水汽混合比以及云厚,云量,云中液态水含量等云物理参数都会对转化率产生不同程度的影响。 相似文献
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中国的酸雨模拟及控制对策研究 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
本文以大气污染源、大气污染特征、降水化学特征和酸雨污染特征等方面论述了我国在气污染和酸雨污染属于“煤烟型”,并将我国的大气了环境状况与世界其它一些国家作了比较分析。进一步利用我们发展的南京大学酸沉降模式系统(NJUADMS)模拟了中国地区的SO2地面浓度和硫沉降分布,并与实际观测浆和亚洲酸雨模式(RAINS-ASLA)的计算结果作了比较。最后从能源结构和经济发展状况出发,论述了我国控制SO2污染和 相似文献
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利用CMAQ(Community Multi-scale Air Quality)模式模拟了中国西南和华南地区的硫沉降。模式中详细考虑了气象过程、气相与液相化学过程、非均相化学过程、气溶胶过程和干湿沉降过程对SO2输送、转化和沉降过程的影响。通过与IMPACTS小流域的观测资料的比较,显示了该模式系统能够较好地模拟SO2在大气中的转化以及干湿沉降过程。在此基础之上,分析了不同季节该区域的硫沉降和向外输送的情况,并且模拟了该区域2002年全年的硫沉降分布状况,这为该区域有效地污染治理奠定了基础。 相似文献
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用STEM—Ⅱ模式研究东亚地区春季沙尘气溶胶对硫化物输送和沉降的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用STEM-II三维区域尺度大气化学模式,研究了1994年3月1日至14日东亚地区春季沙尘气溶胶对硫化物输送和沉降的影响。结果表明,SO2和SO24的大值区主要出现在我国东部地区。在模拟时段,日本地区火山源的排放对该地区大气中S分布的贡献达10%~30%。并与当时飞机的观测结果相吻合。模拟区域内SO2和SO24的收支的分析研究表明,在硫的总排放量中,从东边界面流出去的输送通量最大,并出现在30~400N带的2~6km高度上,这是与该地区最大的人为排放源所在地相一致的。最后,给出了模拟时段整个对流层大气SO2-4气溶胶含量的分布,还仨算了SO2-4气溶胶对地气系统的直接辐射强迫和温度变化的影响。 相似文献
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The rainout-removal of SO2 and the acidification of precipitation from stratiform clouds are simulated using a one-dimensional, time-dependent model, parameterized microphysically in which dissolution and dissociation of gaseous SO2 and H2O2, and oxidation reaction in aqueous phase are taken into account. The effects of dynamic fac-tors, including updraft flow and turbulent transport, and the concentration of gaseous SO2 and H2O2 being transported into the clouds on pH value of the precipitation, the conversion rate S(IV)-S (VI) and the wet deposition rate of SO2 are discussed. 相似文献
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Results of our aerosol study, performed during 1983-1984 in Beijing, demonstrate that ambient carbonaceous aerosols are derived mainly from coal combustion. Different SO, oxidation processes have been observed in summer and winter. The winter sulfate appears to be produced locally and associated with products of incomplete combustion. 相似文献
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Anthropogenic emissions alter biogenic secondary organic aerosol(SOA) formation from naturally emitted volatile organic compounds(BVOCs). We review the major laboratory and field findings with regard to effects of anthropogenic pollutants(NOx, anthropogenic aerosols, SO_2, NH_3) on biogenic SOA formation. NOx participate in BVOC oxidation through changing the radical chemistry and oxidation capacity, leading to a complex SOA composition and yield sensitivity towards NOx level for different or even specific hydrocarbon precursors. Anthropogenic aerosols act as an important intermedium for gas–particle partitioning and particle-phase reactions, processes of which are influenced by the particle phase state, acidity, water content and thus associated with biogenic SOA mass accumulation. SO_2 modifies biogenic SOA formation mainly through sulfuric acid formation and accompanies new particle formation and acid-catalyzed heterogeneous reactions. Some new SO_2-involved mechanisms for organosulfate formation have also been proposed.NH_3/amines, as the most prevalent base species in the atmosphere, influence biogenic SOA composition and modify the optical properties of SOA. The response of SOA formation behavior to these anthropogenic pollutants varies among different BVOCs precursors. Investigations on anthropogenic–biogenic interactions in some areas of China that are simultaneously influenced by anthropogenic and biogenic emissions are summarized. Based on this review, some recommendations are made for a more accurate assessment of controllable biogenic SOA formation and its contribution to the total SOA budget. This study also highlights the importance of controlling anthropogenic pollutant emissions with effective pollutant mitigation policies to reduce regional and global biogenic SOA formation. 相似文献
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F. Campolongo A. Saltelli N. R. Jensen J. Wilson J. Hjorth 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1999,32(3):327-356
A kinetic model for the OH-initiated homogeneous gas phase oxidation of dimethylsulfide (DMS) in the atmosphere (Saltelli and Hjorth, 1995), has been extended here to include the liquid phase chemistry. The updated model has then been employed to predict the temperature dependency of the MSA/nss-SO42- ratio. Model predictions have been compared with observational data reported in Bates et al. (1992). Sensitivity and uncertainty analysis has been performed in a Monte Carlo fashion to identify which are the important uncertainties on the input parameters and which are the possible combinations of parameter values that could explain the field observations. Results of the analysis have indicated that the temperature dependencies of the interactions between gas phase and liquid phase chemistry may to a large extent explain the observed T-dependence of the MSA/nss- SO42- ratio. The potential role of multi-phase atmospheric chemistry, not only in the case of SO2 but also of other oxidation products of DMS and, particularly, of DMS itself, has been highlighted. 相似文献
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Characteristics of Anthropogenic Sulfate and Carbonaceous Aerosols over East Asia: Regional Modeling and Observation 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The authors present spatial and temporal characteristics of anthropogenic sulfate and carbonaceous aerosols over East Asia using a 3-D coupled regional climate-chemistry-aerosol model, and compare the simulation with the limited aerosol observations over the region. The aerosol module consists of SO2, SO4^2-, hydrophobic and hydrophilic black carbon (BC) and organic carbon compounds (OC), including emission, advections, dry and wet deposition, and chemical production and conversion. The simulated patterns of SO2 are closely tied to its emission rate, with sharp gradients between the highly polluted regions and more rural areas. Chemical conversion (especially in the aqueous phase) and dry deposition remove 60% and 30% of the total SO2 emission, respectively. The SO4^2- shows less horizontal gradient and seasonality than SO2, with wet deposition (60%) and export (27%) being two major sinks. Carbonaceous aerosols are spatially smoother than sulfur species. The aging process transforms more than 80% of hydrophobic BC and OC to hydrophilic components, which are removed by wet deposition (60%) and export (30%). The simulated spatial and seasonal SO4^2-, BC and OC aerosol concentrations and total aerosol optical depth are generally consistent with the observations in rural areas over East Asia, with lower bias in simulated OC aerosols, likely due to the underestimation of anthropogenic OC emissions and missing treatment of secondary organic carbon. The results suggest that our model is a useful tool for characterizing the anthropogenic aerosol cycle and for assessing its potential climatic and environmental effects in future studies. 相似文献
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为了解和掌握上级指导产品对石家庄市空气质量预报的适用性,进一步提高石家庄市空气质量预报的准确性,利用国家气象中心(NMC)、北京区域气象中心(BJ)和河北省气象局(HB)空气质量预报产品,对石家庄市夏季4种主要污染物PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、O_3和SO_2的预报进行了对比检验,结果表明:1)NMC对4种污染物的预报效果均逊于HB和BJ的,对PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)和SO_2的预报值明显较实况偏大,尤其在发生重污染天气时,对PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)的空报率高达90%以上;2)HB对PM_(10)和SO_2的预报效果好于BJ的,对SO_2的预报值与实况值均在一个等级范围内,发生重污染天气时,对PM_(10)的预报效果好于BJ的,预报值更接近于实况,但对重污染向优、良转折天气的预报值偏高;3)BJ预报PM_(2.5)和O_3的效果好于HB的,对O_3的0级误差级别预报准确率高达90.5%,对PM_(2.5)优到轻度污染等级的预报效果较好,但对重污染天气的预报值低于实况。 相似文献
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在我国青海省瓦里关大气本底基准观象台(海拔3810 m,100°54′E,36°17′N),利用浸渍膜法采集大气中的SO2和NO2,使用离子色谱分析其浓度。1994年8月至1995年7月的测量结果表明,SO2和NO2的平均浓度分别为0.147×10-9和0.055×10-9,SO2和NO2两者具有较好的相关性,其相关系数r=0.87,它们的平均比值为2.6左右。SO2和NO2的浓度受季节和风向的影响,偏东风时浓度较高,偏西风时浓度较低。冬季SO2和NO2的浓度水平较低,而夏季浓度较高。 相似文献
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北京冬季二氧化硫污染和气象条件的关系 总被引:12,自引:1,他引:11
利用2000年1月25日~2月3日北京地区冬季二氧化硫体积分数的梯度监测资料,结合北京325m气象塔的同期气象资料,分析了观测期间北京地区二氧化硫的体积分数变化趋势及垂直分布情况,讨论了大气二氧化硫体积分数变化和气象条件的关系及二氧化硫的来源问题.研究表明:二氧化硫的体积分数变化及垂直输送与风速、风向、大气稳定度密切相关.风速越小,大气越稳定,近地层大气的二氧化硫污染就越严重;当北京冬季吹SSW、SW、WSW和W风时有较高的二氧化硫. 相似文献