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现代气象观测业务发展趋势 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
气象观测业务主要指地面气象观测站和气象探空站的实时气象资料探测业务,可用于天气分析和预报的实时准备、气候调研、与局地天气有关的业务(如当地机场飞机起降、工程建设等)、水文和农业气象学以及气候学的研究。目前我国最新的探空设备为新一代L波段探空系统,而地面常规气象观测已普遍采用Ⅰ、Ⅱ型遥测自动气象站进行日常探测工作。到2005年底,全国气象部门共有国家级地面气象观测站2404个,其中自动气象站2002个。这些国家级观测站在承担常规地面观测业务的基础。 相似文献
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为了解决目前的计量检定标准设备和方法不适于地面气象观测站仪器,检测的自动化水平及工作效率低等矛盾,研究设计了地面气象观测站自动检测系统,特点是将地面气象观测站的温度、湿度、大气压力、风速风向和降水等传感器和地面气象观测站的数据采集器分开进行性能的自动检测.传感器自动检测系统采用多通道设计,可同时进行多个传感器的自动检测并自动输出检测结果.数据采集器自动检测系统可以对气象台站使用的各种不同的地面气象观测站数据采集器系统进行性能测试.文章所设计的地面气象观测站自动检测系统提高了地面自动观测仪器的检测效率,确保了各台站的地面气象自动观测仪器观测数据的准确可靠. 相似文献
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区域气象观测站实现了气象要素的定时、定点观测及实时传输与显示.但从气象服务及资料分析来看,降水资料的分析处理要比其它气象要素的处理更为复杂,本文从技术角度探讨了区域气象观测站的降水资料的统计分析方法,并将这些方法应用到了软件开发过程中. 相似文献
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采用差值统计方法,对南宁市气象观测站、田东县气象观测站、邕宁县气象观测站、五合区域自动气象站2011年1到12月同期资料及南宁市气象观测站1991至2010年20年月平均值资料进行对比分析,以为南宁市气象观测站的观测资料序列延续和台站迁站提供参考. 相似文献
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自动土壤水分观测站建设现状及资料分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
介绍了农业气象自动土壤水分观测站的建设、自动站与人工观测数据对比、资料上传等情况,对存在的问题进行了分析,指出问题之所在,提出采取的措施及整改办法。 相似文献
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基于观测系统能力分析和审查工具(OSCAR)选取各气象应用领域对地面观测要素的需求指标,对遵义市地面自动气象观测站网现状进行评估分析,提出相应规划思路,旨在提高地面自动气象站网优化布局,推进气地面象观测业务的高质量发展。 相似文献
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地面气象记录月报表分为人工观测方式、自动观测方式、基准气候站三种格式,地面气象记录月报表是在地面观测资料的基础上编制而成的,配有自动气象站或业务用计算机的地面气象观测站是在全月观测数据件的基础上采用计算机加工处理完成的,准确及时的地面观测资料是了解过去、认识现在、预测未来的基础信息之一,为天气预报、气象信息、气候分析、科学研究和气象服务提供重要的依据,地面观测资料的准确性和可靠性,直接影响着气 相似文献
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地面观测资料在快速更新同化系统中的敏感性试验 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
通过对2011年7月31日发生在上海的局地强对流过程,利用快速更新同化系统(SMS-WARR),设计了四个试验,对地面观测资料(常规地面观测资料、加密自动气象站资料)进行敏感性数值试验。结果表明:不同地面观测资料同化对模式初始场的调整作用不同,地面观测资料的疏密影响模式初始场预报,加密自动站气象资料同化对初始温度场、风场的影响最明显;所有试验中,同化所有观测资料的模式能较好地模拟出此次强降水过程,且模拟的地面温度场、风场以及辐合线的演变与实况基本一致;通过分析、比较各试验初始场和预报结果的影响发现,同化所有地面观测资料能改善模式的初值,且观测资料通过循环同化的方式融合进模式,提高了模式对强对流中尺度结构特征的刻画,改善了对局地强对流天气系统的预报效果。 相似文献
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利用地面、高空等常规气象观测资料,对2009年5月28日发生在呼伦贝尔市一次全市性寒潮大风天气过程进行总结分析。结果表明:贝加尔湖冷涡和蒙古气旋及冷锋是造成这次寒潮大风天气的主导系统;高空强锋区及低层强温度平流是寒潮天气爆发的关键;高低空急流为大风天气提供能量;气压梯度大和冷锋后较大的3h正变压与大风天气有很好的相关性。 相似文献
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目前DSG5型降水天气现象仪已在国内台站大量列装,观测记录了许多宝贵的资料。本文通过一次降水天气过程,分析了DSG5型降水天气现象仪的数据结构、内容及其在业务中的应用。发现:DSG5型降水天气现象仪记录的降水天气现象与人工观测基本一致,但记录的降水开始时间比实际滞后,结束时间比实际提前,一些微弱降水没有记录;利用观测的雨滴谱数据可以揭示降水过程的细微结构和演变特征,加深对降水过程的认识,为处理地面观测中出现的降水量与天气现象矛盾等问题提供观测依据;本次降水过程中雨滴数和雨滴尺度谱存在明显的时间变化。较多的是直径0.3mm左右的小雨滴,但对降水强度影响比较大的是直径大于1mm的雨滴,且伴随着大于1mm雨滴增加,雨滴尺度谱加宽,地面降水显著增强。 相似文献
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EVALUATION OF TEMPERATURE RECORDS OBTAINED BY AWS IN HAINAN PROVINCE AND ADJUSTMENT OF CLIMATOLOGICAL TIME SERIES 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Based on the parallel air temperature data of automatic sounding and manual observations at 16
weather stations in Hainan province from 2004 to 2005, a comparative analysis and evaluation is made for
validity according to relevant standards. The results indicate that there are daily and seasonal differences
between temperature observations recorded by automatic weather stations (AWSs) and with conventional
methods. The reasons for the differences are the systematic error, the sensitivity of the two types of
instruments to the environmental temperature change, the difference of the observation time and the effect
of solar radiation. Because the long-range data were obtained from manual observation, an empirical
conversion formula between the temperature records obtained by the instruments is provided for
continuous use of the climate data after the changes in instruments. 相似文献
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Knowledge of frequency wind patterns is very important for air pollution modelling, especially in a city like La Plata (approximately
850,000 inhabitants) with high vehicular and industrial activities and no air monitoring network. An hourly wind analysis
was carried out on data from two local weather stations (points A and J). An initial result was that, in spite of differences
in data quality, the local weather stations observations were consistent with local and regional National Meteorological Service
(NMS) monthly based observations. Two non conventional multivariate statistical methods were employed to further analyse hourly
data at points A and J. Hierarchical cluster resulted in a good summarising tool to visualise prevailing hourly winds. Resultant
vectors emerging from the clustering process showed good similarity between sites and seasons; this allowed a further visualization
of the average diurnal wind development. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) permitted a pairwise comparison of a large number
of hourly wind roses. These wind roses were more similar to each other in colder seasons and at site A (the one that is closer
to the river) than in warmer seasons and at site J. Most of the observed variations regarding seasons and sites revealed by
cluster and MDS analysis are explained in terms of the sea-land breeze circulations. The methodology applied proved to be
of utility for simplifying the analysis of high dimensional data with numerous observations. 相似文献
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利用国家气象观测站常规探测数据、怀化区域自动雨量站和雷达数据以及NCEP1°×1°再分析资料,对怀化2020年1月初一次罕见的强对流天气过程进行了研究分析。结果表明:此次强对流天气在怀化南北部表现出不同的特征,中北部强对流天气属于高架对流类,南部属于斜压锋生类,且强度明显强于中北部;“上干下湿”特征、较强的下沉对流有效位能以及强的垂直风切变,有利于产生雷暴大风、冰雹等强对流天气;中北部受逆温层抑制作用,而南部与中北部相比具有更有利于强对流天气发生发展的水汽条件、辐合上升运动条件以及不稳定条件,这也是造成两者差异的主要原因。雷达分析表明,怀化南部发展较高的强回波单体是造成局地短时强降水出现的主要原因,超级单体导致出现冰雹,低仰角速度大值区预示着雷达大风的产生,风廓线中中层干侵入现象对强对流天气开始、结束有较好的指示意义。 相似文献
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The impacts of stratospheric initial conditions and vertical resolution on the stratosphere by raising the model top, refining the vertical resolution, and the assimilation of operationally available observations, including conventional and satellite observations, on continental U.S. winter short-range weather forecasting, were investigated in this study. The initial and predicted wind and temperature profiles were analyzed against conventional observations. Generally, the initial wind and temperature bias profiles were better adjusted when a higher model top and refined vertical resolution were used. Negative impacts were also observed in both the initial wind and temperature profiles, over the lower troposphere. Different from the results by only raising the model top, the assimilation of operationally available observations led to significant improvements in both the troposphere and stratosphere initial conditions when a higher top was used.
Predictions made with the adjusted stratospheric initial conditions and refined vertical resolutions showed generally better forecasting skill. The major improvements caused by raising the model top with refined vertical resolution, as well as those caused by data assimilation, were in both cases located in the tropopause and lower stratosphere. Negative impacts were also observed, in the predicted near surface wind and lower-tropospheric temperature. These negative impacts were related to the uncertainties caused by more stratospheric information, as well as to some physical processes. A case study shows that when we raise the model top, put more vertical layers in stratosphere and apply data assimilation, the precipitation scores can be slightly improved. However, more analysis are needed due to uncertainties brought by data assimilation. 相似文献