车贝雪夫多项式约简算法的研究

解释了车贝雪夫多项式化整计算通用算法中关于化整后的车贝雪夫多项式约简处理的技术原理,给出了一种可快速实现多项式约简处理的实用求算方法。     

用方差分析选因子作产量预报的探讨

本文应用数理统计中的方差分析原理,逐步选取具有生物学和农业气象学意义的因子,进行春小麦产量预报,方法简便,取得了良好的效果。一、产量处理以奇台县 1953—1986年春小麦单产(y)为基本资料,用正交多项式取四项处理,模拟趋势产量。     

气象要素场的混合多项式展开

混合多项式是以切比雪夫多项式与三角级数所组成的多项式。文中首先给出混合多项式展开系数及度量展开精度的相对指标的计算式；再通过实例，展开不规则空间点要素场及单站单要素和单站多要素场。计算结果表明，混合多项式展开，不仅可用于等距空间点要素场展开，而且可用于不规则空间点及时间序列场展开；最后，对混合多项式展开气象要素场的数理意义等问题做了讨论     

新疆玉米趋势产量几种处理方法的比较

本文利用和田、喀什、阿克苏、哈密地区,沙湾县和莎车县的玉米单产资料,对调和权重法、正交多项式、线性不等权滑动平均、均值订正、分段直线和逻辑斯蒂曲线等趋势产量处理方法进行比较。结果表明调和权重法和正交多项式法最好;线性不等权滑动平均和分段直线平均法尚可应用;均值法和逻辑斯蒂法则不能应用。     

用混合多项式展开气象要素场的方法及其应用

混合多项式展开方法是用切比雪夫(Чебышев)多项式与三角函数乘积的级数展开一个纬带区域上气象要素场的方法。它兼有富里埃(Fourier)级数展开、切比雪夫多项式展开和球函数展开的一些优点。本文用混合多项式展开高度场,讨论了展开的精度,并介绍了这种方法在研究大气环流方面的一些应用。     

基于知识约简的无线网络脆弱性评价指标体系构建

针对无线网络脆弱性评价指标体系中影响因素众多、层次结构复杂且指标间存在相关性的问题,提出了一种基于知识约简算法的脆弱性指标体系构建方法.首先,初步建立无线网络脆弱性评价的指标体系,在此基础上构造脆弱性评价决策表;其次,运用知识约简算法对决策表进行简化,其中非核指标的重要性排序采用特征向量法进行确定,该方法以保证评价结果的准确性为前提,较AHP权重判断法更具客观性;最后,将该方法和AHP权重判断法进行了分析比较,说明了其有效性.     

利用不规则格点上的车贝雪夫多项式展开预报浙江省5—9月的汛期降水

车贝雪夫多项式是气象上常用的正交函数之一。应用车贝雪夫多项式推广到不规则格点的方法,我们将浙江省不规则测站上5—9月的汛期降水量进行了车贝雪夫多项式展开,然后,通过对车贝雪夫系数的预报,对浙江省5—9月汛期降水量的水平分布,进行了预报试验。     

车贝雪夫多项式在MOS预报中的应用

模式输出统计预报是使用统计方法做要素预报,在统计过程中选用比较先进的分析方法和数学模型是至关重要的。周家斌同志将车贝雪夫多项式推到不规则格点上以后,大大开阔了车贝雪夫多项式的使用范围,它在MOS预报的制作中也有广泛的用途和很高的使用价值。 一、车贝雪夫多项式 为了本文叙述上的方便,先对车贝雪夫多项式作一简单介绍。 在XY平面上有距形网格点(XiYj)且     

用车贝雪夫多项式预报气象产量地理分布的试验

本文以辽宁省中北部地区玉米气象产量区域分布的预报为例,论述了车贝雪夫多项式在农业气象预报中的若干应用。作者用不规则格点上的车贝雪夫多项式,以大气环流为候选预报因子,求得展开式系数依赖于4—6个因子的方程,并由此报出区域各县产量,绘出预报图,作试报检验。结果表明:车贝雪夫多项式可用于区域产量预报。最后讨论了此方法在农业气象预报其他领域(如发育期、病虫害预报)中的应用前景,指出车贝雪夫多项式用于生物学、地学预报中的意义。     

一种数值预告产品因子化的优化试验

对欧洲500HPA高度场数值网格产品资料作车比雪夫多项式的正交展开,基于其典型场系数,提出一种因子优化试验方案.经回报和预报结果表明:非线性预报因子进行必要的处理对预报推论有一定的提高,而且入选因子的天气物理含义更为明确.     

Meat consumption and climate change: the role of non-governmental organizations

The contribution of livestock production to climate change is now widely acknowledged. Despite this, efforts to reduce meat consumption in light of climate change have been relatively limited. One potential avenue for encouraging consumption changes is via non-governmental organizations (NGOs). This study used a qualitative approach to understand how and to what extent environmental, food-focused, and animal protection NGOs in the U.S., Canada, and Sweden have worked to reduce or alter domestic meat consumption in light of climate change. While almost all of the NGOs examined had mentioned the issue on their websites, few had established formal campaigns to reduce meat consumption. Active public outreach was dominated by animal protection and food-focused groups, particularly in the U.S. and Canada. Animal protection organizations advocated for larger reductions in meat consumption than environmental groups. Few NGOs sought to promote national-level polices to reduce meat consumption. There is a continued need for public education campaigns with clear messages, particularly by environmental NGOs, as well as efforts to build support for policy measures that seek to reduce meat consumption.     

Why the CDM will reduce carbon leakage

Carbon leakage is an important concern because it can reduce the environmental effectiveness of the Kyoto Protocol. The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), one of the flexibility mechanisms allowed under the protocol, has the potential to reduce carbon leakage significantly because it reduces the relative competitive disadvantage to Annex-B countries of restricting greenhouse gas emissions. The economic rationale behind this mechanism is explored in a theoretical analysis. It is then analysed numerically using a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. The results indicate that, assuming appropriate accounting for leakage and under realistic assumptions on CDM activity, the CDM has the potential to reduce the magnitude of carbon leakage by more than one-half.     

预报文稿解译与精细化发报程序相结合的应用

采用在原有的预报流程基础上,通过解译预报文稿与精细化发报程序结合应用来制作预报。在实际应用中能够正确快速的把预报文稿进行翻译并入库,缩短了制作预报的时间,提高了预报业务流程的完整性,减轻了预报员的劳动量,同时也避免了重复性工作,为及时准确的发报工作提供了保证。     

冬麦北移后生育期及产量构成因素的分析

本文从分析太谷、应县二地在小麦生育期间的气温差异入手,通过对冬麦北移主栽品种“北移一号”在原种植地与北移区二地生育差异的比较分析,表明冬麦北移后生育期表现为“三短两长”的特点,致使“三段生长”的营养生长有效期极大地缩短,营养生长至生殖生长的过渡期也相应缩短,而生殖生长期明显延长,导致了株高降低、节间变短变细变实、强度明显提高,虽然分蘖成穗很少,单株绿色营养面积也很小,但在较高的水肥与合理密植条件下。由于粒重高,经济系数高,仍可获得高产。     

基于视图内字典原子不一致的多视图字典学习算法

传统的多视图字典学习算法旨在利用多视图数据间的相关性,未能考虑多视图数据的差异性,这可能会降低字典的学习性能.受此启发,提出一种基于视图内字典原子不一致的多视图字典学习算法.该算法为每个视图学习类属字典和共享字典,同时,引入编码系数方差的最小化约束,以降低视图间字典的差异性;此外,通过每个视图编码系数与所有视图编码系数均值之间距离的加权和的最小化来约束相应特征的贡献度;然后,施加视图内字典原子的不一致性约束以降低视图内字典的冗余.最后,在两个数据集（AR和Extended Yale B数据集）上的实验验证了所提算法的有效性.     

The role of global dietary transitions for safeguarding biodiversity

Diets lower in meat could reduce agricultural expansion and intensification thereby reducing biodiversity impacts. However, land use requirements, associated with alternate diets, in biodiverse regions across different taxa are not fully understood. We use a spatially explicit global food and land system model to address this gap. We quantify land-use change in locations important for biodiversity across taxa and find diets low in animal products reduce agricultural expansion and intensity in regions with high biodiversity. Reducing ruminant meat consumption alone however was not sufficient to reduce fertiliser and irrigation application in biodiverse locations. The results differed according to taxa, emphasising that land-use change effects on biodiversity will be taxon specific. The links shown between global meat consumption and agricultural expansion and intensification in the biodiverse regions of the world indicates the potential to help safeguard biodiverse natural ecosystems through dietary change.     

采用分数槽绕组降低直线感应电机的温升

低速直线感应电机极距小、气隙大,导致无功电流大,电机的温升很高。研究了每极每相槽数略大于1的分数槽对谐波导致的无功电流的影响,指出在电机结构和工艺能接受的前提下,采用分数槽绕组可显著降低电机的无功电流,达到降低温升的目的。     

青藏铁路适应气候变化的筑路工程技术

The climate warming,which has an evident effect on the warm/ice-rich permafrost,should be considered in the engineering design of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway in permafrost areas.Based on the rule mentioned above,many design ideas and measures such as cooling embankment and controling of heat conduction,radiation and convection were proposed during the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway to reduce the permafrost temperature and to reduce the impact of climate warming on the railway.These measures ensure the stability of the railway embankment in permafrost regions.     

Climate change, adaptation and economic growth

This paper explores the links between economic growth and the impacts of climate change. Inclusive, pro-poor growth is central to the development of low-income countries. There is also a broad consensus that growth and development are important to reduce vulnerability to climate change. Growth does not automatically reduce vulnerability, only the right kind of growth does. The paper aims to develop a better understanding of what the ??right kind of growth?? may be. We find that many growth policies, such as investment in skills and access to finance, indeed reduce vulnerability to climate change. However, climate change calls for some adjustments in growth policy. In particular, investment in infrastructure and efforts to stimulate entrepreneurship and competitive markets must take more of a risk management perspective and recognise climate risks.     

Reducing emissions from deforestation—The “combined incentives” mechanism and empirical simulations

Despite accounting for 17–25% of anthropogenic emissions, deforestation was not included in the Kyoto Protocol. The UN Convention on Climate Change is considering its inclusion in future agreements and asked its scientific board to study methodological and scientific issues related to positive incentives to reduce emissions from deforestation. Here we present an empirically derived mechanism that offers a mix of incentives to developing countries to reduce emissions from deforestation, conserve and possibly enhance their ecosystem's carbon stocks. We also use recent data to model its effects on the 20 most forested developing countries. Results show that at low CO₂ prices (～US$ 8/t CO₂) a successful mechanism could reduce more than 90% of global deforestation at an annual cost of US$ 30 billion.