鄱阳湖水域面积与湖口水位关系模型的改进

利用2005年4月至2010年5月湖口水位资料和新一代极轨卫星（Terra）遥感的鄱阳湖水域面积资料,研究发现它们已经不满足原有鄱阳湖水域面积与湖口水位的关系模型（基于NOAA遥感资料）。运用最小二乘法和多项式拟合方法,综合考虑模拟与Terra卫星遥感的鄱阳湖水域面积的均方差和湖口极端水位下的拟合情况,发现在1—10次幂的多项式拟合中5次幂的多项式拟合效果最好,并根据5次幂的多项式拟合建立了鄱阳湖水域面积与湖口水位关系的新的关系模型。新的关系模型模拟性能较好,Terra卫星观测的与模拟的鄱阳湖水域面积的相关系数达到了0.982,且有95%的观测与模拟的偏差都小于200 km2。最后,利用2011年1—10月的Terra卫星观测资料和湖口水位资料,对新的关系模型的模拟性能进行了验证。     

鄱阳湖水体淹没模型研究

根据丰水季鄱阳湖流域降水对鄱阳湖水位的影响研究, 建立鄱阳湖水位变化降水预测模型;并利用近10年卫星遥感对鄱阳湖水域面积的监测及相应时相鄱阳湖水位资料的分析, 研究出丰水季鄱阳湖水体淹没模型, 解决了洪水季, 云天状况下, 气象卫星难以监测下垫面洪涝灾害的难题。通过对鄱阳湖水体淹没模型进行模拟验证, 结果表明, 鄱阳湖实施退田还湖以后, 湖体水面模拟结果与遥感测算值相对误差为0.9%～3.6%, 模拟效果好。     

近20年鄱阳湖水体面积变化遥感监测与分析

利用卫星遥感影像数据,应用归一化水体指数法和谱间关系法,定量化分析2002—2019年鄱阳湖水体面积变化规律并探究其变化原因.研究表明,1)2002—2019年鄱阳湖水体面积整体呈现缩小趋势,水体面积年内季节变化明显,丰水期与枯水期水域面积相差1倍以上,且该差值近年来有增大趋势.2)通过分析鄱阳湖星子站水位发现,鄱阳湖进入枯水期日期较历史明显提前.3)分析极端干旱和夏季洪涝事件发现,鄱阳湖水域面积与江西省降水量有较明显的正相关性.     

基于遥感(RS)和地理信息系统(GIS)的鄱阳湖区洪涝灾害研究

对近50a(1950～1999年)鄱阳湖年最高水位的演变趋势进行了分析,结果表明,鄱阳湖年最高水位呈明显的上升趋势,最高水位超过警戒水位1m、2m的频数明显增多。文章采用遥感(RS)对湖体水面进行监测分析,并利用多时相LANDSATTM资料,解译出不同时相鄱阳湖水域面积分布;利用地理信息系统ARCVIEW空间分析,将鄱阳湖水域面积分布转换成相应时相水位高程矢量分布,结合湖区1:5万地理高程数据,建立鄱阳湖区高分辨率水位数字高程模型(WDEM);根据WDEM和汛期鄱阳湖水位,研究出鄱阳湖区洪涝灾害分布。     

基于EFDC模型对鄱阳湖湖面面积的推算方法

鄱阳湖是中国最大的淡水湖泊,水位与面积是湖区生态系统中的重要参数.主要研究鄱阳湖水位与面积的数学关系,以便用水位来快速推求湖面面积.利用美国EFDC水动力学模型对典型年份面积进行模拟,得出逐日模拟面积,而后根据康山、棠荫、都昌和星子4站实际水位与模拟面积建立数学关系,最后使用遥感数据对模拟面积进行验证.结果表明,典型年份鄱阳湖水位与面积具有高动态性,平均相对误差为4.14%,模拟面积与实际面积误差较小.     

基于MODIS卫星数据对艾比湖水域面积变化的监测

艾比湖的松散沉积物裸露区沉淀物质颗粒细小，细盐漠粉尘受阿拉山口大风主通道作用，向东南快速扩展，是新疆北疆地区主要沙源之一。Terra／MODIS卫星数据具有时效性强，成本低的特点，适宜进行湖泊水域面积的监测。我们进行2004年4-12月湖面积的监测发现，5月份以后，艾比湖水位逐渐下降，7，10月为艾比湖的枯水期，10月艾比湖水域面积出现最小值；冬半年(11—4月)为艾比湖的丰水期。通过与1998年监测的艾比湖水域面积数据比较得出2004年艾比湖各月的面积均比1998年有所增加，艾比湖地区生态环境有明显好转。     

苏北大型湖泊水域的EOS/MODIS遥感监测

为了从宏观上了解江苏省境内主要湖泊水体的动态变化及原因,并为有关部门指挥防洪抗旱和治理水环境提供准确的决策依据,利用2005年夏季多景EOS/MODIS卫星遥感影像数据,对入夏以来苏北地区主要湖泊水域——骆马湖、洪泽湖、高邮湖(含邵伯湖)进行了卫星遥感动态监测,生成3通道合成彩色图像,运用阈值法提取湖泊及其周边水域的水体边界,并计算水体面积。最后从气象因素对湖泊的水体面积变化进行了分析。遥感图像与面积统计数据直观地反映出,2005年入夏以来苏北各大湖泊水域的水体面积随着前期干旱和其后大量降水的发生而出现比较明显的减小和增加,可见一段时期内的日照时数、降水量等气象因子会对湖泊及周边水域的面积增减产生很大影响。     

地球科学数据分析处理和可视化系统GIOVANNI

1 GIOVANNI简介 随着NASA地球观测系统EOS的不断发展,Terra,Aqua,Aura,CALIPSO,Cloudsat等大批卫星观测资料不断增多,实时和历史卫星遥感资料共享分发任务不断加重,以往的数据网络共享发布和图像绘制平台已难以满足对海量数据进行有效管理、绘制多种类型科学数据图像的需要.     

应用EOS/MODIS资料监测向海水库水面面积动态变化

利用EOS/MODIS资料,采用阈值法对水体进行自动判识。通过多时次卫星数据对向海水库面积进行遥感动态监测,结果表明,利用EOS/MODIS数据能准确监测水库水域面积变化,向海水库面积2006年除7月中旬至8月中旬低于2005年外,其它月份均高于2005年。水库面积变化呈现夏季较低,秋季较高的特点。     

葵花8号卫星在白云机场一次强对流冰雹中的监测应用

针对2019年2月21日强对流冰雹过程,采用广东省多普勒雷达拼图的组合反射率因子资料作参考真值,分别利用葵花8号卫星资料的11.2μm通道与7.0μm通道亮温差拟合和11.2μm通道、7.0μm通道分段拟合对雷达回波进行反演,发现在强对流(回波强度≥35 dBZ)识别上,11.2μm通道、7.0μm通道分段线性拟合比亮温差线性拟合效果要好,非强对流点识别成强对流点的情况较少。利用归一化后的葵花8号卫星数据计算雹暴指数结合广州白云机场雷达冰雹产品,得到降雹概率80%以上的卫星遥感监测指标。     

基于植被供水指数的农田干旱遥感监测研究

应用1995-2000年NOAA卫星资料，结合广西贵港市的数字化土地利用信息，通过时序分析方法找出典型作物代表区，并计算各典型代表区的平均、最大、最小VSWI（Vegetation Supply Water Index；植被供水指数）特征值，归纳分析水田和旱地的干旱指标，继而根据典型代表区的平均VSWI值划分旱情等级，生成农田旱情遥感图像，评估干旱情况。试验表明，该方法可用于湿润、半湿润地区的农田干旱遥感监测。     

Modeling water and heat balance components for the river basin using remote sensing data on underlying surface characteristics

The method of the AVHRR-3 (NOAA) radiometer measurement data subject processing is produced for the retrieval of underlying surface temperature and several vegetation characteristics under cloud-free conditions. A technology for deriving the values of these parameters from the MODIS (EOS/Terra and Aqua) radiometer data is developed. The estimation of the temperature and vegetation characteristics is carried out for the Seim River basin (Kursk region) with the catchment area of 7460 km² for 2003–2005 vegetation seasons. Practical coincidence of estimations of AVHRR- and MODIS-derived temperatures, as well as the coincidence with ground observation results, is revealed. Statistics of these estimation errors is analyzed. Satellite-derived estimations of land surface temperature (LST) and vegetation characteristics are used for the calibration and verification of the developed model of the vertical heat and water transfer in the soil-vegetation-atmosphere system (SVAT). The model is intended for calculations of evapotranspiration, soil water and heat content, latent and sensible heat fluxes, and other water and heat balance components. The abilities to compute these parameters using the satellite estimations of the leaf area index and projective vegetation cover fraction as the model parameters and LST satellite estimations as the model input variable are investigated.     

AN ERROR ANALYSIS ON THE SIMULATED DATA OF TOVS HIRS BY RTTOV5 MODEL

The sounding data of meteorological satellites provide not only the real time weatherinformation about the distribution of both cloud and rainfall,but also some others about themovement and state of atmosphere.They are important variables and parameters for NWP modelused to simulate and predict atmospheric state.In order to introduce remote sensing informationfrom satellites into NWP model,there is an efficient way of establishing an RT model by use of theatmosphere radiation sounding data of meteorological satellites to get the variables and parametersvaluable to NWP model.In this paper,we set up profiles of air temperature and water vapor fromthe surface to upper (0.1 hPa) using the radiosounding data and the surface data from May toAugust 1998 atmosphere East Asia.A TOVS RT model (RTTOV5) is provided to compute thevalue of radiation value of HIRS channels in NOAA14.Then the radiation values of 19 HIRSchannels are gotten.After matching these data computed by the RT model and the correspondingvalues coming from satellite sounding in time,the statistic distribution of bias between tile modeloutput and the satellite sounding at each sounding channel can be gotten.At the same time.thedistribution of RMS to every TOVS HIRS channel,the standard biases to different scanning angleto each channel are also obtained.     

AN ERROR ANALYSIS ON THE SIMULATED DATA OF TOVS HIRS BY RTTOV5 MODEL*

The sounding data of meteorological satellites provide not only the real time weather information about the distribution of both cloud and rainfall,but also some others about the movement and state of atmosphere.They are important variables and parameters for NWP model used to simulate and predict atmospheric state.In order to introduce remote sensing information from satellites into NWP model,there is an efficient way of establishing an RT model by use of the atmosphere radiation sounding data of meteorological satellites to get the variables and parameters valuable to NWP model.In this paper,we set up profiles of air temperature and water vapor from the surface to upper (0.1 hPa) using the radiosounding data and the surface data from May to August 1998 atmosphere East Asia.A TOVS RT model (RTTOV5) is provided to compute the value of radiation value of HIRS channels in NOAA14.Then the radiation values of 19 HIRS channels are gotten.After matching these data computed by the RT model and the corresponding values coming from satellite sounding in time,the statistic distribution of bias between tile model output and the satellite sounding at each sounding channel can be gotten.At the same time.the distribution of RMS to every TOVS HIRS channel,the standard biases to different scanning angle to each channel are also obtained.     

Parameterization of snow-free land surface albedo as a function of vegetation phenology based on MODIS data and applied in climate modelling

The aim of this study was to develop an advanced parameterization of the snow-free land surface albedo for climate modelling describing the temporal variation of surface albedo as a function of vegetation phenology on a monthly time scale. To estimate the effect of vegetation phenology on snow-free land surface albedo, remotely sensed data products from the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on board the NASA Terra platform measured during 2001 to 2004 are used. The snow-free surface albedo variability is determined by the optical contrast between the vegetation canopy and the underlying soil surface. The MODIS products of the white-sky albedo for total shortwave broad bands and the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR) are analysed to separate the vegetation canopy albedo from the underlying soil albedo. Global maps of pure soil albedo and pure vegetation albedo are derived on a 0.5° regular latitude/longitude grid, re-sampling the high-resolution information from remote sensing-measured pixel level to the model grid scale and filling up gaps from the satellite data. These global maps show that in the northern and mid-latitudes soils are mostly darker than vegetation, whereas in the lower latitudes, especially in semi-deserts, soil albedo is mostly higher than vegetation albedo. The separated soil and vegetation albedo can be applied to compute the annual surface albedo cycle from monthly varying leaf area index. This parameterization is especially designed for the land surface scheme of the regional climate model REMO and the global climate model ECHAM5, but can easily be integrated into the land surface schemes of other regional and global climate models.     

Evaluation of Total Precipitable Water over East Asia from FY-3A/VIRR Infrared Radiances

Satellite retrieval of atmospheric water vapor is intended to further understand the role played by the energy and water cycle to determine the Earth's weather and climate. The algorithm for operational retrieval of total precipitable water (TPW) from the visible and infrared radiometer (VIRR) onboard Fengyun 3A (FY-3A) employs a split window technique for clear sky radiances over land and oceans during both day and night. The retrieved TPW is compared with that from the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Terra satellite and data from radiosonde observations (RAOB). During the study period, comparisons show that the FY-3A TPW is in general agreement with the gradients and distributions from the Terra TPW. Their zonal mean difference over East Asia is smaller in the daytime than at night, and the main difference occurs in the complex terrain at mid latitude near 30°N. Compared with RAOB, the zonal FY-3A and the Terra TPW have a moist bias at low latitudes and a dry-bias at mid and high latitudes; in addition, the FY-3A TPW performs slightly better in zonal mean biases and the diurnal cycle. The temporal variation of the FY-3A and the Terra TPW generally fits the RAOB TPW with the FY-3A TPW. The FY-3A TPW is more accurate at night, while the Terra TPW is more accurate during the daytime. Comparisons of correlations, root mean square differences and standard deviations indicate that the FY-3A TPW series is more consistent with the RAOB TPW at selected stations. As a result, the FY-3A TPW has some advantages over East Asia in both spatial and temporal dimensions.     

MODIS卫星遥感北京地区气溶胶光学厚度及与地面光度计遥感的对比

介绍MODIS卫星遥感气溶胶的方法,利用北京大学地面多波段太阳光度计的观测进行了对比,二者的相关性比较好.给出了描述北京地区气溶胶光学厚度分布的几幅图片.卫星遥感对于更好地研究空气污染提供了一种新手段,卫星遥感的气溶胶光学厚度弥补了地面观测空间覆盖不足的缺陷.卫星遥感的气溶胶资料不仅对全球和区域气候研究而且对城市污染分析提供了丰富的资料.     

基于模糊评价的福建沿海水质卫星遥感监测模型

卫星遥感技术对于开展连续、实时、大尺度的海洋水质状况监测具有明显优势。该文充分利用卫星遥感的标准算法模型和半分析算法模型分别反演得到叶绿素a、颗粒状有机碳、黄色物质和透明度等海洋生态参数,并选取与福建沿海海水受污染程度密切相关的溶解氧、化学耗氧量、无机氮和活性磷酸盐作为海洋水质的评价因子,通过建立海洋生态参数与海洋水质评价因子两者之间的统计关系模型,在海洋水质综合评价中引入模糊综合评价法,最终建立一套基于卫星遥感和模糊评价的海洋水质监测模型,并利用2009—2013年福建沿海同步获取的海洋水质现场实测数据对模型的反演精度进行验证。结果表明:使用该监测模型开展对福建沿海海洋水质卫星遥感监测是可行的,监测准确率为81%,具有较好的业务化应用前景,由于模型对于Ⅳ类海洋水质监测的准确率明显高于Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类海洋水质,因此,比较适合于福建近岸海域的海洋水质监测。     

用TRMM卫星微波成像仪遥感云中液态水

应用热带降雨测量卫星微波成像仪(TRMM/TMI)的被动遥感资料,选用对云中液态水变化非常敏感的85.5 GHz垂直极化通道的亮温信息,通过离散纵坐标矢量辐射传输模式,采取逐步逼近的方法确定出地表的微波比辐射率,并运用迭代方法有效地反演出云中液态水含量及其分布.与对应的卫星红外云图对比结果表明,反演的云中液态水分布是合理和可信的.